Vision to Action OPEN SCIENCE & EOSC From

OPEN SCIENCE & EOSC From Vision to Action

Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van Belgie voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen

Brussel 8-11-2017

JC Burgelman,

P. Brenier, R. Von Schomberg, W. Lusoli, D. Spichtinger, C. Asero Open Data Policy and Science Cloud

Directorate A DG RTD

Open Science = Systemic transition of science system which affects the way

• research is performed

• knowledge is shared/diffused/preserved

• research projects/results are evaluated

• research is funded

• researchers are rewarded

• future researchers are trained

Affecting the whole research cycle and all its stakeholders

 A typical techno-economic paradigm shift a la Perez (technology, market and institutional change go hand in hand)

 or to put it different: disruptive and hence disturbing….

Analysis

Publication

Review Conceptualisation

Data gathering

Open access

Scientific

blogs Collaborative

bibliographies

Alternative Reputation

systems Citizens

science Open

code Open

workflows

Open annotation

Open data

print Pre- Data-

intensive

3 starter.com Sci-

Runmycode .org

Impact Story Openannotation.org

Its real

A general model for open science in early stage drug discovery

Public-Private

Partnership Public Domain Commercial

Tools & Basic Knowledge NOVEL Proteins only!

• Structure

• Chemistry

• Antibodies

• Screening

• Cell Assays

Discovery and Exploration

• No patent

• No restriction on use

• Open access to tools and data.

• Target identification & validation

Drug Discovery and Development

Facilitated by access to increased amount of information in the public domain

- (re)Screening - Lead Optimisation - Pharmacology - Metabolism - Pharmacokinetics - Toxicology

- Chemical development - Clinical development

CREATIVE COMMONS PROPRIETARY

Weigelt J. EMBO Reports 10:941-5 (2009)

Very Promising

Structural gnomics consortium

Very Promising

for ALL sciences

Collaborative Big Science is on the rise because needed

Rise of interdisciplinary, highly collaborative international big

science projects – open by design

1. 90% OF ALL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES (2 MILLION PER YEAR) ARE BEHIND PAYWALLS! (AND 1 MILLION PAPERS ARE NEVER READ);

 ACCORDING TO MAX PLANCK: UNIVERSITIES WORLDWIDE WOULD MAKE 6 BILLION DOLLARS SAVINGS IF ALL PAPERS WOULD BE PUBLISHED IN OA

2. ONE MILLION VALID SCIENCE PAPERS ARE BOUNCED BACK (REJECTING, RESUBMISSION ETC)

 TO DEAL WITH THAT: 100 MILLION HOURS (OF SCIENTIST!) ARE LOST ANNUALLY IN THE ACTUAL PROCESS OF PAPER REJECTING, RESUBMITTING, WAITING ETC.;

 SO: MORE OPEN ACCESS, LESS LOSS

3. BIG PRIVATE RESEARCH TRUSTS GO FOR RADICAL OPEN ACCESS: WELLCOME TRUST, GATES, ZUCKERBERG , ETC

4. EVERY 3 DOWNLOADS OF A FRONTIER ARTICLE LEADS TO 1 CITATION:

 IN OTHER WORDS: NUMBER OF DOWNLOADS IS GOOD FOR YOUR IMPACT FACTOR

 IN OTHER WORDS: OPEN ACCESS IS GOOD FOR YOUR CAREER

It pays off

• Better ROI of the R&I investments:

• Faster circulation of new ideas:

• More transparency of the science system as such:

the public taxpayer has this right

• Fit for 21

century science purpose:

For researchers:

• Wider dissemination and sharing of the results

• More visibility and credit for those collecting and sharing underlying research data

• New career paths e.g. data scientists, start-ups, science diplomacy

Open Science offers great challenges &

opportunities for science, scientists & society

"As I see it, European success now lies in sharing as soon as possible, (…). The days of open science have arrived."

Speech at "Presidency Conference Open Science", 04 of April, 2016, Amsterdam

Top level policy

2016 - Holistic Policy Agenda: scope &

ambitions

… 4 with regard to the use & management of research results and data

 Open Data: FAIR data sharing is the default for funding scientific research

 Science cloud: All EU researchers are able to deposit, access and analyse European scientific data through the open science cloud, without leaving their desk

 Altmetrics: Alternative metrics to complement conventional indicators for research quality and impact (e.g. Journal Impact Factors and citations)

 OA & Future of scholarly communication: All peer reviewed scientific publications are freely accessible ₁₀

Policy Priorities

… 4 with regard to relations with research actors (researchers, institutions and funders)

 Rewards: The European research career evaluation system fully acknowledges Open Science activities

 Research Integrity: All publicly funded research in the EU adheres to commonly agreed Open Science Standards of Research Integrity

 Education and skills: All young scientists in Europe have the necessary skills and support to apply Open Science research routines and practices

 Citizen Science: CS significantly contribute and are

recognised as valid knowledge producers of European science

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Policy Priorities

Then and now

FP7

OA Green or Gold+Green Pilot

H2020

OA Green or Gold+Green obligation

& ORD Pilot

H2020

OA Green or Gold+Green obligation

& ORD by default

OA: Considerable progress in 10

years made

Now

• Open Access to Publications: since 2014 mandatory

Set up of an Open Access Publications Platform: stand alone peer reviewed scientific articles resulting from H2020 projects (2017-2018)

Open Data - Very significant policy initiatives

• Open Access to research data: default from 2017 onwards.

- Opt-outs possible at any stage (IPR, personal data protection and national security)

- Research Data Management Plans: mandatory and FAIR

• Set up of the European Open Science Cloud: a trusted virtual environment for enabling data driven science across boundaries and disciplines (2017-2019)

• Mainstreaming in all MS

European Open Data

(and data driven science) supported by the European Open Science Cloud

Open Data

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• Vision is now as clear to external stakeholders as it is internally.

• Single online platform where all

European researchers will be able to:

• Find, access and re-use data produced by other scientists.

• Deposit, analyse and share data they have been paid to produce.

• Initially (until 2020), the EOSC will build on existing investments, no/little fresh money is needed

• The Commission provides top-up money to set up and organise the federation and to start creating common European resources.

• EOSC will provide 1.7m EU researchers an environment with free, open services for data storage, management, analysis and re-use across disciplines.

• EOSC will JOIN existing and emerging horizontal and thematic data infrastructures, bridging todays

fragmentation and ad-hoc solutions.

• EOSC will add value (scale, data-driven science, inter- disciplinarity, faster innovation) and leverage past infrastructure investment (10b per year by MS, two decades EU investment).

From Vision …. … to Action

After the EOSC Vision has been adopted and embraced by the relevant stakeholders, it is now time for action

Source: RTD

Vision endorsed by the EP, by the EESC and the CoR, by the G7 and copied, literally, by a host of nations globally: Japan, Canada and China.

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Open Data and EOSC

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Source: RTD

The EOSC will allow for universal access to open research data and create a new level playing field for EU researchers

CERN, EMBL, ELIXIR, etc.

Institutional repository

Member State Infrastructure

New provider/

service

Researcher

• Easy access through a universal access point for ALL European researchers

• Cross-disciplinary access to data unleashes potential of interdisciplinary research

• Services and data are interoperable (FAIR data)

• Data funded with public money is in principle open (as open as possible, as closed as necessary)

1.Access to all European research data 2.Access to world-class data services 3.Clear rules of use and service provision 4.FAIR data tools, training and standards 5.Sustainable after the grant

Seamless environment and enabling data driven (interdisciplinary) research

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EOSC and the researcher

figures

o 110 key participants

o 80 from all scientific fields o 15 national scientific

infrastructures

o 13 research funders

o 19 officials from Member States and Associated Countries

o Overall, 23 Member States and Associated Countries represented o 1800 via web stream and

extensive coverage via Twitter

EOSC summit

• The Summit provided strong support for the

implementation of the EOSC and marked a step change in the initiative

• Ground European science in a common culture of data

stewardship & sharing throughout research data lifecycle.

Only a considerable cultural change will enable long-term reuse of research data

• Develop the EOSC as a commons of research data, knowledge and infrastructure with different roles and responsibilities by

actors at EU and MS level

• Stimulate compliance through incentives and rewards

EOSC Summit

Highlights 1

● Make FAIR principles pragmatic, equally encompassing all four dimensions: findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability

● Apply FAIR principles to all digital research objects, incl.

data-related algorithms, tools, workflows, protocols & services

● Disciplines must develop their notion of FAIR in a coordinated fashion. Standards are fundamental but a one-size-fits-all approach must be avoided

EOSC Summit

Highlights 2

● Build trust between all stakeholders, e.g. scientific communities, e- infrastructures, research infrastructures, funders - “look outside the organisational boxes and work together”

● Set out both the science case and the financial case to raise commitments for the EOSC, in particular of MS – “whatever we do needs to be integrated with the national systems”

● Some of the actions identified will require more time than others to

implement due to e.g. budget commitments, division of labour, building of trust. Implementation will need to fast-track some actions

over others, depending on the level of priority, support and maturity

● Develop a formal framework for governing the EOSC (open, dynamic, trial-and-error process) to sustain and strengthen related policies & programmes and secure commitment of funders and users -

“what needs to be governed and how?”

EOSC Summit

Highlights 3

EOSC Summit

EOSC Pilot HLEG EOSC HLEG FAIR ERAC OSI OSPP Input/Feedback

Q2 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 2017 2018

Statement of endorsement:

 Interim Governance Board – Design Phase

 Implementation needs

 Functions of EOSC

Delivering:

 Basic Portal/Interface

 Roadmap

 Interim Governance Board – 1^st Phase

 WP2018-20

Definition of

 Business Model

 Governance Model

EOSC planning

1.OS is here to stay:

If you want to go fast, go alone. 2.

If you want to go far, go together

(African saying)

But also

Such a long journey ahead of us

(South African writer, A. Brink)

To conclude

Indeed – the journey only started

User-centered Publishing delivers Precision Information The Machine is the New

Reader

Science as a Social Machine

Data Privacy requires a Web of Trust Big Data meets Artificial Intelligence

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• Due to the power of cyber science tools, it is quite realistically to assume that we will evolve from peer reviewed open access publications

to peer reviewed open access research workflows

(1-5-2017, Nature, tech blog Ttitus Brown….)

• Implying that scientific publishers become open science

platforms in which an article is 1 of the many products (and not even per se)

e.g. OA of articles the final

frontier?

Manual Computational

Deductive ^2nd paradigm:

theoretical (Newton)

3^rd paradigm:

computational (Von Neumann)

Inductive ^1st paradigm: empirical (Bacon)

4^th paradigm: data- intensive (Venter, DNA

sequencing)

E.g. a 4th paradigm of data-intensive science?

• Data explosion only starting (internet of everything)

• Due to data abundance: Greater role for inductive, not only

hypothesis driven science: “Here’s the evidence, now what is

the hypothesis?”

No one foresaw this exponentional growth either

Bedankt

More information at

http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscien ce

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Open Science Monitor

http://ec.europa.eu/research/opensci

ence/monitor/

Open science represents an approach to research that is collaborative, transparent and accessible. Open science occurs across the research process and there are many different activities that can be considered part of this evolution in science. The open science monitor tracks trends in areas that have consistent and reliable data.

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characteristics and indicators.

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* These indicators are for both open access and open scholarly communication.

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