Wouter Putman
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1Introduction...........................................................................................................7 2......................................................................................................................................8 2.1Project Context...8 2.2Research Goal...10 2.3Research Questions...11 2.4Research Framework...12 2.4.1Systematic Literature Study...12 2.4.2A Model for Measuring Organizational NPD Creativity...14 2.4.3A Model for Measuring Organizational NPD Performance...15 2.4.4Design of the In-Depth Case Study...16 2.5Research Methodology Summary...16 3Organizational Creativity.....................................................................................18 3.1Defining Organizational Creativity...18 3.2Measuring Organizational Creativity...20 3.1.1Roles & Organizational Creativity...20 3.1.2Process & Organizational Creativity...22 3.1.3Structure & Organizational Creativity...23 3.1.4Climate & Organizational Creativity...24 3.1.5A Model for Measuring Organizational Creativity...30 3.3Summary Organizational Creativity...30 4Organizational NPD Performance......................................................................31 4.1Defining NPD Performance...31 4.2Measuring NPD Performance...32 4.3Summary NPD Performance...33 5The Relation between Organizational Creativity and NPD Performance..........34 5.1Data Gathering...34 5.1.1Patterns in NPD Database...34 5.1.2In-Depth Case Studies...35 5.2Data Analysis...35 5.2.1Companies & Organizational Creativity...35 5.2.2Companies & Organizational NPD Performance...36 5.2.3Organizational Creativity & NPD performance...36 5.2.4Analyzing on separate levels...39 5.2.5Validation questionnaire through in depth case study...40 5.3Summary of the influence of Organizational creativity on NPD performance41
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6Implications.........................................................................................................42 6.1Relevance of the Analysis...42 6.2A Theory for Creating Strong Organizational Creativity...43 6.3Sensible Strategies for Involved Companies...44 6.4Conclusion...46 7Conclusion...........................................................................................................47 8Recommendations...............................................................................................48 References....................................................................................................................49 Appendix 1 The Systematic Literature Study..............................................................54 Appendix 2 Case protocol and mini survey.................................................................55 Appendix 3 The NPD Questionnaire..........................................................................61 Appendix 4 The database of the Questionnaire..........................................................71 Appendix 5 Organizational dimension scores............................................................87 Appendix 6 NPD performance scores.........................................................................88 Appendix 7 Results mini survey..................................................................................90
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37a) Challenge 37b) Freedom 37c) Trust 37d) Idea Time 37e) Relaxed 37f) Conflict 37g)
Idea Support 37h)
Debates 37i)
Risk Taking
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NP D P erf orm an ce
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Fit w ith m ark et de ma nd
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NP D p ro ce ss e ffe cti ve ne ss
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NP D P erf orm an ce
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Dear participant, We are conducting a case study on your organisation inthe area of NewProduct Development. This survey questionnaire entails your perception of the organisational climate and culture you work in. Thank you for your time and cooperation.
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Patterns in New Product Development questionnaire (relevant parts) In the questionnaire you will find instructions for each set of questions. We understand that in some cases you may find that the particular question does not entirely fit your case. Whenever such situations happen, please use your best judgment to answer the question and try not to skip it. We sincerely appreciate your efforts in completing all questions. 2. What best describes your business unit (tick one) Independent companyGo to 4 A division / business unit belonging to a parent companyGo to 3 A single location / plant Go to 3 4. What is the year of establishment of your business unit? 5. What is the primary geographic region where you do business? Limited to a single location Spread out over a single geographic region Nationwide International 6. Please answer the next questions about the size of your business unit: What are total annual sales? Million EUR What is the total number of employees in full time equivalent?FTE
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Operational Effectiveness and Strategic Flexibility of your NPD Function 20. In this section please indicate your level of achievement on objectives concerning the fit with market demands achieved by your NPD function and the ability to anticipate on them. Not at all achievedVery well achievedDon’t know a.Our new products meet customer requirements. 1234567 b. Our new products are delivered on time.1234567 c.The cost of our new products is satisfactory.1234567 d. The quality of our products is good. 1234567 e.The impact of our NPD program on our sales level is positive.1234567 f.We get good returns from our NPD program relative to our spending on it.
1234567 g. Our current development projects include new product-market options.1234567 h. We prefer NPD projects that generate options for future product development
1234567 i.NPD is successful in opening new markets to our organization. 1234567 j.NPD is successful in leading our organization into new product areas. 1234567 k. Our NPD activities open new technologies to our organization. 1234567 l.We incorporate solutions to unarticulated customer needs in our new products.
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21. In this section please indicate your level of achievement on objectives concerning the fit withfirm competences achieved by your NPD function and the ability to build these competencies. Not at all achievedVery well achievedDon’t know a.The degree of manufacturing cost advantage that NPD provides is satisfactory.
1234567 b. Few manufacturing problems occur during production start-up phases. 1234567 c.Only few product design changes are needed to solve manufacturing performance.
1234567 d. Marketing and NPD often share information. 1234567 e.Conflicts between marketing and NPD are of a constructive kind. 1234567 f.Marketing and NPD are more like teammates than competitors. 1234567 g. Our competence to explore new technological developments from inside the BU is well developed
1234567 h. We built upon manufacturing competences for the exploration of new technological developments
1234567 i.We are very much inspired by marketing for the development of new ideas form inside the BU.
1234567 j.We can pass lessons learned on across organizational boundaries.1234567 k. We can pass lessons learned on over time.1234567 l.We are able to enhance our competences by tapping into external sources
1234567 In the following section please indicate your level of achievement on objectives concerning the speedof the processes carried out by your NPD function as well as your ability to anticipate on future time constraints.
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You may first want to take a look at this figure that shows the concepts of Development Time, Concept To Customer time and Total Time which are used in this question. Stage01234 NameConcept generationProject evaluationDevelopmentManufacturing development Commercialization Starting activitySurfacing of ideaDeveloping of specsSpending on physical development Documentation of process development
Production trials (End: manufacturing for sales) Development Time (DT) Concept To Customer time (CTC) Total Time (TT) 22. Please indicate your level of achievement on following objectives: Not at all achievedVery well achievedDon’t know a.Our new products are launched on schedule.1234567 b. Scheduled time is in line with total development time (TT).1234567 c.Our Development Time (DT) is satisfactory.1234567 d. Our Concept to Customer Time (CTC) is satisfactory. 1234567 e.Our Total Time (TT) is satisfactory. 1234567 f.The speed of the NPD decision making process is satisfactory. 1234567 g. We can estimate future requirements on our total development time (TT).1234567 h. We are able to adjust our NPD process to future time requirements. 1234567 i.We can estimate future requirements1234567
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on the speed of our NPD decision making process. j.We are able to adjust our NPD decision making process to future requirements.
1234567 k. We are able to forecast the future requirements on the commitment to translating our NPD decisions into actions.
1234567 l.We are able to adjust the commitment to translating NPD decisions into actions to the requirements.
1234567 23. In this section please indicate your level of achievement on objectives concerning the productivityof your NPD function as well as your ability to anticipate on future productivity constraints. Not at all achievedVery well achievedDon’t know a.We can develop the same products with a lower budget than assigned. 1234567 b. Development costs of our products hardly exceed budgets.1234567 c.Beyond-budget products do not exceed budgets with a large amount.1234567 d. Our development costs are relatively low.1234567 e.Realized development hours do not often exceed budgeted hours. 1234567 f.We can estimate the future internal cost requirements for our development process.
1234567 g. We are able to adjust our development process to the future cost requirements.
1234567 h. Our ability to predict future development costs is well developed.1234567 i.We are well capable to adjust1234567
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development costs j.We are able to adjust the number of development hours to future requirements.
1234567 24. In this section please indicate your level of achievement on objectives concerning the flexibility of the processes of your NPD function as well as the ability to anticipate on future needs for operational process flexibility. Not at all achievedVery well achievedDon’t know a.The average time of product enhancement is satisfactory. 1234567 b. The average time of product redesign is satisfactory. 1234567 c.Our ability to change the design fast, after being confronted with new specs, is well developed.
1234567 d. The average cost of redesign is satisfactory.1234567 e.We can process a change of specs without a lot of extra financial resources.
1234567 f.Our ability to change specs late is satisfactory.1234567 g. We are able to forecast the requirements on the time of redesign.1234567 h. We are able to adjust the average time of product redesign to future requirements.
1234567 i.We are capable in forecasting the future requirements on the cost of product redesign.
1234567 j.We are capable to adjust the average cost of product redesign to future requirements.
1234567 k. We are able to predict changes in specifications. 1234567 l.We are able to anticipate on changes in specifications.1234567
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NPD process and roles 25. Please check the box that most closely describes your business unit’s incremental development processes. Please tick one answer. No standard approach to new product development. While no formally-documented process is followed, we have a clearly understood path of the tasks to be completed in product development. We have a formally-documented process where one function completes a set of tasks, then passes the results on to the next function which completes another set of tasks. We have a formally-documented process where a cross-functional team completes a set of tasks; management reviews the result and gives the go-ahead for the team to complete the next set of cross- functional tasks. We have a formally-documented process where a facilitating “process owner” helps cross-functional teams move through stages and management reviews. We have a formally-documented process where a cross-functional team uses a staged process with overlapping, fluid stages and “fuzzy” or conditional stage decisions. 28. Please indicate for each of the roles described below whether these behaviors can be identified throughout your NPD function. Present in NPD? [yes/no]Limited to one phase Throughout the whole NPD process Idea Generator -searching for breakthroughs by linking diverse ideas -testing feasibility of ideas
Yes No123456 Champion -sells new ideas to others in the organization and gets resources -recognizes, proposes and pushes a new technical idea for formal management Yes No123456
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approval Project Leader -provides the team leadership and motivation -plans and coordinates the diverse sets of activities and people involved in moving a demonstrated idea into practice
Yes No123456 Gatekeeper -collects and channels information about important changes in the internal and external environments -passes information on to others
Yes No123456 Sponsor -provides encouragement, guidance, and acts as a sounding board for the project leader and others -guides and develops less experienced personnel in their roles
Yes No123456 NPD structure 35. How are people within the NPD function organized? Departments Project teams Matrix management Self-managed work teams Other 36. Please indicate which of the structures pictured and described in the next figure is / are the most common NPD structure(s) within your business unit. If your NPD function is divided, please tick the most common structures for both incremental and radical innovation. If your NPD function is not divided, just fill in the appropriate structure for the whole NPD function.
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Functional Team Structure Lightweight Team Structure Heavyweight Team Structure
Autonomous Team Structure Structure for Radical innovation Structure for Incremental Innovation (If your NPD function is not divided:) One structure for the whole NPD function Functional Team StructureLightweight Team Structure Heavyweight team StructureAutonomous Team Structure
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NPD climate 37. In this section please indicate your level of agreement with each statement regarding your overall innovative climate Strongly disagreeStrongly agree
Don’ t know a.People are emotionally involved in goals set.1234567 b. People have freedom to define their own work.1234567 c.There is a high level of trust between people.1234567 d. There is time for people to develop unplanned new ideas.1234567 e.There is a relaxed atmosphere. 1234567 f.There is a high level of conflict.1234567 g. There is a strong support for further development of new ideas.1234567 hPeople are involved in debates about differing viewpoints. 1234567 I High risk taking behavior is tolerated. 1234567 This is the end of the questionnaire. Thank you again for your cooperation! Your answers will be treated with full confidentiality and the names of companies, business units, products or individuals will not be released!
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