University of Groningen Enhancing social outcomes from mega urban transport development Lee, Ju Hyun

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University of Groningen

Enhancing social outcomes from mega urban transport development

Lee, Ju Hyun

DOI:

10.33612/diss.136047572

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Publication date:

2020

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

Lee, J. H. (2020). Enhancing social outcomes from mega urban transport development: An integrated

approach to transport and spatial planning. University of Groningen.

https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.136047572

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JUHYUN LEE

ENHANCING SOCIAL OUTCOMES

FROM MEGA URBAN

TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT:

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO

TRANSPORT AND SPATIAL PLANNING

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Cover and layout design: Lovebird design

www.lovebird-design.com

ISBN: 9789464025590 © Juhyun Lee, 2020

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Enhancing social outcomes

from mega urban transport development:

An integrated approach

to transport and spatial planning

PhD thesis

to obtain the degree of PhD at the

on the authority of the

Rector Magnificus Prof.dr. C. Wijmenga

and in accordance with

the decision by the College of Deans.

Juhyun Lee

born on 7

June 1979

in Seoul, Korea

The thesis will be defended in public on

Tuesday 27 October 2020 at 09.00 hours

by

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Supervisors:

Prof. E.J.M.M. Arts Prof. F. Vanclay

Assessment Committee:

Prof. M. Kang Prof. T. Tillema Prof. B. van Wee

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Preface

As luck would have it, I have lived and worked in many cities across the globe,

such as London, Seoul, Bangkok, and Hanoi. Fortunately, I happened to live

alongside the main river of cities, where I have witnessed endless

(dis)appear-ance of buildings, bridges, and natures. My life became a sort of history of the

never-ending transformation of spaces and cities. No matter where I lived, I felt

power arising from both systems and agents, which continuously shape cities

and everyday of our life. Sometimes I felt angry, sad, despair, or amazed and

stunned by such changes. Interrelated relationships between cities and society

are the motivation, trigger, as well as subjects of my long-term journey.

My first curiosity was how to manage changes happening in a city, especially in

nature and cultural heritage. My second interest lay in how to manage different

interests in public infrastructure and space so that such projects bring socially

and economically sustainable benefits to the whole society. The more involved

I became with urban planning researches and policy works across the globe,

the more convinced I was that what matters is managing diverse interests in

urban spaces through a dynamic and ethical planning process. I became eager to

reduce gaps between what was written in textbooks and practice. I also wanted to

tackle careless generalisation of planning theory, policy made without evidence

or theoretical reflections, and debates without cultural awareness.

I hoped that my PhD journey would bring me opportunities to develop my

own insights into how to manage varied interests embedded in the fabric of

cities in order to bring positive societal consequences over time and space. I

also hoped that I would make theoretical and practical contribution to impact

assessment of urban policy and infrastructure development projects. I felt so

blessed that I was given a chance to investigate into this topic. I believe I have

just finished the first part of my lifetime journey and I should embark on the

second one soon. One of key things I learned from my PhD research was that

a researcher should not stop working with passion, humility, integrity, and

originality. I am so glad that I am even more motivated than before to become

a dedicated academic working between planning policy, practice, and theory.

My gratitude goes to my supervisor Prof. Jos Arts and Prof. Frank Vanclay.

While many people across the globe felt difficult to work on my topic due to its

interdisciplinary nature and complexity, my supervisors agreed to joined this

journey with me. As a primary supervisor, Jos has been always supportive and

made me laugh with his own unique sense of humour. I truly appreciate his

warmth, positivity and transparency. Frank was the one who let me start my PhD

journey at the University of Groningen. He inspired my dedication to ensuring

Supervisors:

Prof. E.J.M.M. Arts Prof. F. Vanclay

Assessment Committee:

Prof. M. Kang Prof. T. Tillema Prof. B. van Wee

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good quality outcomes from researches. I truly appreciate his professionalism,

pragmatic advice, and true commitment. I learned so much from the expertise,

wisdom, and knowledge of my two supervisors. We will continue our collaboration.

I would also like to thank the Bartlett School of Planning at UCL, a truly

inter-national knowledge hub, where I acquired not only knowledge of but also passion

for planning. I felt so lucky that I started my journey at the place where people

teach and research planning with integrity and originality. My gratitude goes to

Dr. John Ward, and the other colleagues who have inspired and challenged me.

As my research firmly stands between theory and practice, I had to collect a

substantial amount of empirical data from people who were deeply involved with

(re)production of urban space and infrastructure in two megacities, Seoul and

London. I would like to express my gratitude to: researchers at Seoul Institute,

(former) engineers at Seoul Metro Development Division, experts at National

Research Institute including Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements

and Korea Transport Institute, experts at Seoul Housing Corporation and Land

and Housing Corporation, planners at Seoul Metropolitan Government,

plan-ners at local district governments, urban design and planning professors at

universities, and professional consultants. They were so kind to share their views

and precious data with me. In London, I would like to thank the planners and

policy-makers who contributed to urban planning and development,

particu-larly Peter Twelftree, who provided me with so much valuable information and

experiences. Most importantly, I would like to thank the various key informants

and local residents who contributed their comments about the urban transport

projects and their neighbourhoods in Seoul and London.

I owe a debt of gratitude for inspiration and supports I received from my former

colleagues and project partners, particularly at IOA of UCL, UN-Habitat,

Port-land State University, Sungkyunkwan University, Global Green Growth Institute,

UNESCO Asia, National Committee for UN-Habitat in Korea and others, whose

names I cannot fully address within the limited scope of this preface.

I truly appreciate my friends and colleagues at University of Groningen and

other institutes in the Netherlands. My deep gratitude goes to my lifetime

friends in Vietnam, Korea, and UK.

Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their love and support

of my endless journey. I have extraordinary parents who extremely support

whatever I do in my life. I cannot say how much I owe them.

Juhyun Lee

Groningen, September, 2020

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List of tables and figures

Tables

Table 1.1: Criteria and indicative measures used to examine outcomes from infrastructure development

Table 1.2: The structure of focus group discussions Table 1.3: Overview of the chapters of this study

Table 2.1: Domains (objectives) and sub-domains (sub-objectives) of Spatial Ethics Table 2.2: The reshaped spatial ethics evaluation framework

Table 3.1 Criteria and indicative measures used to examine outcomes from infrastructure development

Table 3.2: Interests related to the outcomes of the Jubilee Line Extension at multiple levels Table 3.3: Interests related to the outcomes of the Second Phase Subway Development at multiple levels

Table 4.1: Rules and action verbs used for institutional analysis Table 5.1: Direction for spatial development at transport nodes in Seoul

Table 5.2: Varying characteristics of localities at different urban hierarchy levels in Seoul Table 5.3: General outline of the issues discussed in focus groups and interviews

Table 5.4: Extent of perceived benefits from spatial changes and mega-urban transport projects

Figures

Figure 1.1: Understanding social outcomes from MUTPs Figure 1.2: Understanding planning processes of MUTPs

Figure 1.3: A conceptual framework for social outcomes and integrated planning processes at multiple levels

Figure 1.4: Relations between research sub-questions Figure 2.1: Four dimensions of Spatial Ethics.

Figure 2.2: A process of application of SE MCA for the case study Figure 2.3: Integrated deprivation level of Canning Town of Newham

Figure 3.1: An indicative conceptualization of social outcomes from urban transport development Figure 3.2: The Jubilee Line Extension in East London

Figure 3.3: Numbers of employees per km2 in London in 2003 and 2014 Figure 3.4: Subway maps for Seoul

Figure 3.5: Change in employment density at centres of employment in Seoul from 2000 to 2010 Figure 4.1: Institutional Analysis and Development Framework

Figure 4.2: Application of the IAD Framework to the planning process for a mega urban transport project

Figure 4.3: Subway maps for Seoul

Figure 4.4: Multiple action situations of Second Phase Subway Development in Seoul Figure 4.5: An evaluation of the planning process for the Subway Development in Seoul Figure 5.1: Public facilities and shops within 5- and 10-minute walking distance from nodes

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