Mechanical behavior of the outer skin layer
Citation for published version (APA):
Geerligs, M., Peters, G. W. M., Breemen, van, L. C. A., Ackermans, P. A. J., Oomens, C. W. J., & Baaijens, F. P. T. (2008). Mechanical behavior of the outer skin layer. Poster session presented at Mate Poster Award 2008 : 13th Annual Poster Contest.
Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2008 Document Version:
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Mechanical Behavior of the
Outer Skin Layer
Marion Geerligs, Gerrit W.M. Peters, Lambert C.A. V. Breemen, Paul A.J. Ackermans, Cees W.J. Oomens, Frank P.T. Baaijens
Sample preparation
Understanding the mechanical behavior of skin is crucial when solving skin-device contact problems. However, the mechanical response of the skin layer in contact with the device is not known yet.
Introduction
Objective
The aim is to characterize the mechanical properties of the outer skin layer, the
epidemis, by applying various loading conditions. Human skin
C
A
B
100 µm viable epidermis stratum corneumEpidermis (A) is removed from human abdominal skin (B) by using a dermatome (C). The epidermis is the only transparent skin layer. Histological cross-sections also show that the dissection method is useful for obtaining only epidermis.
/ Biomedical Engineering
Rheological experiments
Conclusions
Loading perpendicularly to the skin surface results in much more stiff behavior than applying torsion. Since stratum corneum is considered as a brick-and-mortar structure and viable epidermis is a loose matrix, the torsion response is likely due to the viable epidermis only, whereas the stiff stratum corneum mainly causes the indentation response.
R1=3.5 mm, h=0.1 mm
Indentation experiments
Pmax
1W.C. Oliver & G.M. Pharr (1992). Improved
technique for determining hardness and elastic-moduli using load and displascement sensing techniques. J of Mat Res 7(6), 1564-1583.
2 M. van Turnhout et al. (2005). Passive
transverse mechanical properties as a function of temperature of rat skeletal muscle in vitro.
Biorheology 42(3), 193-207.
E ≈ 0.02 MPa
(at 10 rad/s)A sphere is indented on the centre of a ‘triangle’ on the skin surface. The maximum load is reached within 100 s and hold for 30 s. The stiffness E is determined from the intial unloading curve1:
E ≈ 2 MPa
Frequency sweeps are applied on the thin epidermis. The eccentric configuration enabled sufficient signal-to-noise ratio2. The stiffnessis derived from the storage and loss modulus (G’ and G”):
1.8 mm
h