creation of interstellar comets

Cover Page

The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/87515 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.

Author: Torres Rodriguez, S.

Title: Dynamics of the Oort cloud and formation of interstellar comets Issue Date: 2020-04-30

Credit: ESO/L. Calçada

Chapter 3

Galactic tide and local stellar perturbations on the Oort cloud:

creation of interstellar comets

S. Torres, M. X. Cai,

S. Portegies Zwart, and A. G. A. Brown Astronomy & Astrophysics

629, A139 2019a

<

14 659 50

! 1

2.5 ±10

a! 0.25 a! 0.5

∼ 1.1

a > 0.5 20

1 000

a > 40 1/a

a > 10⁴ i ω Ω

a < 20 000 a > 20 000

0.5 10¹²

∼ 3 × 10²⁵

1 400

±10

< 50

∼ 0.3

∼ 1.3

M_! # 0.15 ! 0.25^+0.11_−0.07

50

0.064

7.2

5 15

∼ 1 20±2 ⁻¹

11.7± 1.3 ⁻¹ ∼ 1

−1

∼ 2

±10

2.5

∼

0.13 ⁻¹

∆v_⊥ > v v

v_! v_∗

M_∗

v_∗

∆V_⊥

S.T M_∗ M_" v_∗ ⁻¹ v_" ⁻¹ venc −1 ρ_∗ 10⁻³pc⁻³

∆V_⊥≈ 2GM_∗ v_∗

%

r²_c − ^! r_!²

&

, r_c r_!

r

∆V_⊥∝ M_∗r v_∗r²_!.

∆V_⊥∝ M_∗ v_∗r_c .

f = πr_∗²v ρ_∗,

r_∗ v '

v_!² + v²_∗ v_!

v_∗ ρ_∗

r

N_∗= r² t .

r_∗

12.5 ⁻¹ 11.7 ⁻¹

0.1 2.5

Gyr

f_∗^{1 −1} ∆V_⊥,∗^{1 −1} N_∗¹

±10

! 50 2356

11 307 1092

149 14 659

! 1/!

u² < 1.44× [1, (−0.4(G − 19.5))],

1.0 + 0.015(G − G )²< E < 1.3 + 0.06(G − G )²,

G G G

G G G

u = (χ²/ν)^1/2 E

14 659

v =

' v² + v² t =−cv

!v² d = 10³

! v v , v = 4.74(

(µ_α∗²+ µ_δ²)^0.5/!)

v

! c = 10^{3 −1 −1}

14 659 50 2.5

20

10 10

±3

2.5

2.5

∼ 3550 6900 G = 14

2.5

15 5 5 5

1 20± 2 ⁻¹

2.5 10

Z_! = 27 R_! = 8.34 V_c,!= 240 ⁻¹

(U_!, V_!, W_!) = (11.1, 12.24, 7.25) ⁻¹

10⁶

2.5

±3

20 80 ⁻¹

2.5± ttddv−1vT"∆v⊥−1 1.2821.1231.488 1.6701.5951.742 0.3650.3520.378 0.4790.4620.500 −0.552−0.572−0.534 −0.739−0.757−0.723 −2.390−2.645−2.158 0.5080.4760.548 −0.465−0.495−0.436 0.1670.1650.171 2.2532.0492.486 −0.133−0.139−0.127 −0.516−0.544−0.485 0.7280.7130.742 −0.297−0.304−0.290 1.1341.0661.209 0.9100.8510.968 1.4731.4121.544 −0.511−0.572−0.458 0.7790.7430.816 0.7020.5860.882 1.0410.9971.090 0.3350.3310.338 −0.395−0.405−0.385 −0.828−0.856−0.803 −0.479−0.503−0.456 1.2161.1631.272 1.3311.2501.413 −1.951−2.039−1.862 −0.372−0.379−0.366 −0.656−0.670−0.643

2.5

10⁻³ 10^{−4 −1}

∼ 0.13 ⁻¹

∼

∼

0.33 1.38

0.062 1.35

0.054 1.28

∼

∼ ∼

a > 100 000

!±±± µα∗±±± µδ±±± µtot±±± vrad±∗ ±∗ ±∗∗ tph dph ∗∗∗

10, 000

i ω Ω M e

p(e)∝ e q

q > 32 a

a^−1.5 3× 10³ 10⁵

r^−3.5 r

2.5 ±10

20 10, 000

a! 100 000

∼ 0.91

a >

∼ 0.02

∼ ∼ 0.38

0.01

0.03

∼ 1.12 a "

100 000

a " 100 000

∼ 80 000 100 000

50 000

∼ 1.20 a > 50 000

a

a ! 100 000

a ! 50 000

∼ 20

50, 000

±10

∼ 80 000 100 000

3000 50 000

10^{14 −3} 8× 10^{14 −3} 2×10^{15 −3}

100, 000

14, 659

50 ±10

2.5

2.5

10⁻³ 10^{−4 −1}

∼

N

20 ±10

a !

0.91

0.38 a !

1.12

∼ 1.20

±10