2200 / randomly selected / 35% Survey A Borgida et al

(1)

Page I of IV

APPENDIX A: Overview of included studies

number of cases methods for data collection

sample size / sampling strategy / response rate

data collection method Aminuzzaman et al. [2] 2003 Asia (Bangladesh) Development Describing ways in which the village phone is

operated, how the service was utilised and by whom, and the impacts of the service in terms of economic and social empowerment of individuals and communities in order to assess the efficacy of the village phone in ameliorating the 'information poverty'.

- Interviews 423 / geograpical location and time

span of introduction / -

Multiple surveys

A,A1,D

Balasubramanian et al. [3] 2010 Asia (India) Development Delineating the gender dimension in the use of the mobile phone as a learning tool among the women involved in the goat-rearing enterprice.

73 / randomly selected / 100% Survey D

Boase [5] 2010 North America (USA) Communication Analyzing if the direct network externality of personal networks help to explain the relatively low level of internet adoption in rural settings.

2200 / randomly selected / 35% Survey A

Borgida et al. [6] 2002 North America (USA) Political Examining the role that norms of cooperation and civic and political culture play in addressing disparities in access to information technology.

2000 / randomly selected / 40%

2791 / - / 64%

2 Surveys C

Burrel [7] 2010 Africa (Uganda) Communication Examining benefits of sharing non-commercial mobile phones in rural Uganda and analysing the potential inequalities that occurs within informal sharing patterns.

52 interviewees Interviews

D

Bynum et al. [8] 2003 North America (USA) Medical Assessing differences in program satisfaction associated with age, gender, ethnicity, community size, and education among participants in a adult telehealth education program.

2567 / convenience sample / 69% Survey

A1

Cecchini & Raina [9] 2005 Asia (India) Management Economics Systematically evaluating the impact of an e-governance project.

105 / snowball method / 100% Survey

A,A1,B

Chowdhury [10] 2006 Asia (Bangladesh) Management Economics Examining the impact of access to telecommunications (access to information &

reduction in search costs) on rural households' ability to participate in the economic market.

284 households / - / - Survey

A1

Ferrer-Roca et al. [12] 2010 Europe (Spain) Medical Assessing quality of life (health & wellbeing) for citizens benefiting from telemedicine specialized care.

800 / randomly selected / 81,9% Survey

A1

Forestier, Grace & Kenny [14] 2002 cross-counrty Management Economics Examining the relationship between teledencity and pro-poor (equal) economic growth.

- Cross country

Survey data A1

Gagnon et al. [15] 2006 North America (Canada) Medical This paper discusses telehealth application implementations and investigates why utilisation remains limited in many settings, despite increase in the availability of technology and telecommunication infrastructure. The perceptions of physicians and managers are explored.

54 participants Interview / focusgroup

B

Gibson et al. [17] 2011 North America (Canada) Medical Exploring the perceived advantages and concerns of rural and remote First Nations community members on the approach of using videoconferencing for mental health services (telemental health).

59 interviewees Interview / discusions with telehealth staff

B

* The sign "-" symbolizes information that could not be retrieved from the paper.

Type of research = quantitative Focus Author Year Country or region of data

collection

Research field Aim of research Type of research = qualitative

(2)

Page II of IV

APPENDIX A: Overview of included studies (Continued)

data collection method Gibson et al. [17] 2011 North America (Canada) Medical Exploring the perceived advantages and concerns of

rural and remote First Nations community members on the approach of using videoconferencing for mental health services (telemental health).

59 interviewees Interview / discusions with telehealth staff

B

Gilbert et al. [18] 2010 North America (USA) Sociology/Psychology Assessing in what ways rural and urban people use social media differently.

2000 rural and 2000 urban / randomly selected / 1661 and 1721

Investigation of My Space accounts A,D

Hebert et al. [19,20] 2006

&

2004

North America (Canada) Medical Assessing whether video-visits in combination with reduced number of homecare visits alters symptom management and costs of palliative homecare.

Moreover, this paper assesses how readiness to use the technology influences usage.

8 interviewees / 4 focus groups

Telephone interviews / focus group

320 / - / 13,75% Survey

A,B

Hosman & Fife [22] 2008 Asia (Sri Lanka) Political Addressing the issue of sustainability through partnerships, the paper provides an answer to the question how projects can be designed within ultimate goals, which focus on longterm sustainability, longterm success when ICT is adopted by the recipients, and whether their quality of life improves.

1 case (The Sri Lanka Project)

Case study

B,C

Hosman [21] 2010 Africa (Uganda) Political Adresses the importance and implications of introducing ICT into primary and secondary schools worldwide, however, the article focuses on the developing world.

1 case Case study

A1,A2,B,C

Jayaraman et al. [23] 2008 Australia (New Zealand) Medical Assessing (clinical and practical) usefulness of mobile phone cameras for after-hours in primary care.

20 participants Clinical quiz 480 / sequentially / - Survey

A,A1

Kanungo [24] 2004 Asia (India) Management Economics Understanding the nature of additional value in emancipatory information systems, including economic and social emancipation. Moreover, analysing the role of emancipation as a basis for sustaining information systems.

- In depth interview

A1,B

Kivunike et al. [26] 2011 Africa (Uganda) Development Exploring how individuals in rural communities in Uganda perceive the importance of ICT toward their quality of life and analysing how this perception influenced ICT adoption. This exploration is done through the use of Sen's capability approach.

13 cases out of Kayunga district / 9 cases from Mbale district

Interview 454 / randomly selected / 98% Survey

A

LaRose et al. [29] 2011 North America (USA) Communication Assessing the impact of federally funded broadband networks (investments) and public education campaigns on;

1) broadband adoption

2) awareness, perceptions, and intentions to use 3) intentions for personal economic development 4) community satisfaction levels

- Interview - / randomly selected / - 2 Surveys

A1,B

Lear et al. [31] 2009 South America (Columbia) Medical Investigating the possibility to use internet as a solution to geographic inequity that affects the level of care. This is achieved through identifying the determinants of internet use in patients with cardiovascular disease and the patterns of use.

34 (rural) interviewees / 115 (agglomeration area)

interviewees / 145 (metropolitan area)

interviewees

Interview

A,A1

collection

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Page III of IV

data collection method Madoc-Jones et al. [33] 2007 Europe (UK) Sociology/Psychology The paper explores user perceptions of a Welsh

based planned family telephone support service.

26 interviewees Interview

B

Mars [34] 2010 North America (USA) Development Documenting the extent that families of Native Americans with disabilities on the Great Plains Indian reservations access electronic communication via email and internet usage.

708 / non randomized / 66% Survey

A

McInerney [36] 2005 Europe (Ireland) Communication Investigates how educators incorporate new technology into the curriculum in the context of a network community, the efforts taken by teachers to make this happen, and examples of how students constructed their own digital learning materials.

94 interviewees Interview 360 / entire population / 45% Survey

B

McQuaid [37] 2004 Europe (Scotland) Communication Discusses the potentiality of the internet and other forms of information and communication technology as a tool for delivering information services for unemployed people, comparing the experiences and attitudes of jobseekers in peri-urban and remote rural labour markets.

424 interviewees Interview 300 / - / 22% Survey

A,B

Michailidis [38] 2011 Europe (Greece) Management Economics Revealing the heterogeneity of internet users in rural areas, classifying users into three distinct types;

basic users, socially interactive users, and farm oriented users.

A

Pendleton [40] 2008 North America (USA) Medical Assessing and comparing youth satisfaction with two information delivery approaches to a HIV/STD risk reduction intervention, targeting adolescents; an on site face to face approach versus a long distance interactive televised approach.

- / convenience sampling / 571 Survey

B

Riedel et al. [47] 1998 North America (USA) Political An assesment is made about the impact of an electronic community network on social capital and electronic democracy.

- Interview 2000 / randomly selected / 40% Survey

A,C

Schmeida & McNeal [49] 2007 North America (USA) Medical Exploring the disparities in accessing Medicare programs, Medicaid programs, and other public health information through the internet that limit the effectiveness of telehealth as a policy tool.

A

Shaw et al. [50] 2008 North America (USA) Medical Explore how the five C-SHIP psychosocial factors (Encodings and Self-construals, Believes and Expectancies, Affects, Goals and Values, Self- regulatory competencies and Skills) of poor rural breast cancer patients;

1) determines use of online information 2) perceive who searches for what topics 3) explain who searches for didactic versus experiential information

144 / self referral / 92 % Survey

A,D

Shepherd et al. [51] 2006 Australia Medical Analyses if telepsychology service would improve rural cancer patients' anxiety, depression levels and quality of life through an acceptable, satisfactory, and practical mode of service delivery.

34 / non randomized / 74% Questionaire

A,A1

collection

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Page IV of IV

data collection method Shin [52] 2008 North America (USA) Information Systems Investigates the development, discourse, design, and

social interactions within the Kutztown community network.

31 face to face interviewees / 35 telephone interviewees

Face to face interviews / Telephone interviews

B

Simms et al. [53] 2011 North America (Canada) Sociology/Psychology Explores the current status of telemental health use by Canadian mental health practitioners. Analysing factors that are associated with telemental health use, as well as, their attitudes toward (and potential barriers) using this technology to provide services for clients.

25 participants Interview - / snowball approach / 160 Survey

A,B

Singh et al. [54] 2010 North America (USA) Medical Contributing to health services research by examining how rural public health institutions can sustainably adopt telehealth innovations.

B

Sorensen [56] 2008 Europe (Denmark) Development Examines the preconceived attitudes toward receiving medical services that involve telehealth among residents in a Danish rural area.

2169 / randomly selected / 46,1% Questionaire A

Stern & Adams [59] 2010 North America (USA) Sociology/Psychology To evaluate how residents in the USA use their connections to maintain local social networks and learn about local community events and local community organizations.

2000 / radomly selected / 69% Survey

A,A2

Stern & Dillman [60] 2006 North America (USA) Sociology/Psychology Determining whether increased use of the Internet is positively or negatively associated with involvement in local community activities, community leadership, and local affective relationships.

2000 / randomly selected / 69% Survey

A

Stern [58] 2008 North America (USA) Sociology/Psychology Exploring the modes of communication rural individuals use most often with their intimate friendship-relationships, characterized by three closest friends and how these mode of communication vary by;

1) social tie locality 2) frequency of communication 3) degree of internet usage

A,A2

Sullivan et al. [61] 2002 North America (USA) Political Generating insight in what gives some communities the ability to use a coorperative approach to technology access while others can achieve beter results with the use of an individualistic entrepreneurial model.

2000 / randomly selected / 40% Survey

A,C

Wathen & Harris [64] 2007 North America (Canada) Communication Exploring how women's health information seeking role plays out in a rural setting with access to health information through e-health media. This paper attempts to understand the potential impact of e- health and its proposed benefits in rural areas.

A

Zhao [67] 2008 Asia (China) Communication Exploring the effect of internet use on various aspects in rural development, including economic conditions and education. Moreover, the study examines how social structures exert their influence on internet diffusion, adoption, and use.

3 cases (The Town of Yellow Sheep

River, Taoyuan Village, Nandingfu Village)

29 interviewees

Interview

A,B

Zilliacus et al. [68] 2010 Australia Medical Exploring women's experience with telegenetics, satisfaction, perceived advantages, and disadvantages. Moreover, quality of the interaction with their genetic professionals is assessed.

A,B

collection