Appendix 1
Hofstede’s (2001) Societal Norms
Power Distance Societal Norm
Low PDI High PDI
All should be interdependent A few should be independent; most should be dependent
Inequality in society should be minimized There should be an order of inequality in this world in which everyone has his/her rightful place; high and low are protected by this order
Hierarchy means an inequality of roles, established for convenience
Hierarchy means existential inequality
Subordinates are people like me Superiors consider subordinates as being of a different kind
Superiors are people like me Subordinates consider superiors as being of a different kind
The use of power should be legitimate and is subject to the judgment between good and evil
Power is a basic fact of society that antedates good or evil; its legitimacy is irrelevant
All should have equal rights Power holders are entitled to privileges Powerful people should try to look less powerful
than they are
Powerful people should try to look as powerful as possible
Stress on reward, legitimate and expert power Stress on coercive and referent power The system is to blame The underdog is to blame
The way to change a social system is by redistributing power
The way to change a social system is by dethroning those in power
Latent harmony between the powerful and the powerless
Latent conflict between the powerful and the powerless
Older people neither respected nor feared Older people respected and feared
Individualism Societal Norm
Low IDV High IDV
In society, people are born into extended families or clans, which protect them in exchange for loyalty
In society, everyone is supposed to take care of him- or herself and his or her immediate family
‘We’ Conscious ‘I’ Conscious
Gemeinschaft (community) Gesellshaft (society) Collectivity orientation Self-orientation Value standards differ for in-groups and out-groups:
particularism
Value standards should apply to all: universalism Identity is based in the social system Identity is based in the individual
‘Shame’-cultures ‘Guilt’-cultures
High-context communication Low-context communication Emotional dependence of individual on institutions
and organizations
Emotional independence of individual from in institutions or organizations
Masculinity Societal Norm
Low MAS High MAS
Relationship orientation Ego orientation
Quality of life and people are important Money and things are important Stress on who you are Stress on what you do
Work in order to live Live in order to work Minimum emotional and social role differentiation
between the genders
Maximum emotional and social role differentiation between the genders
Men should be tender and take care of both performance and relationships; women should be the same
Men should be tough and take care of performance; women should be tender and take care of relationships
Men and women should be modest Men should be and women may be assertive and ambitious
Sympathy for the weak Sympathy for the strong Small and slow are beautiful Big and fast are beautiful
Uncertainty Avoidance Societal Norm
Low UAI High UAI
The uncertainty inherent in life is relatively easily accepted and each day is taken as it comes
The uncertainty inherent in life is felt as a continuous threat that must be fought
Ease, lower stress, less anxiety Higher stress, anxiety, neuroticism Being busy is not a virtue per se Inner urge to be busy
Suppression of emotions Expression of emotions Subjective well-being Less subjective well-being Openness to change and innovation Conservatism, law and order Willingness to take unknown risks Only known risks are taken What is different is curious What is different is dangerous
Tolerance of diversity Xenophobia
Younger people are respected Older people are respected and feared Comfortable with ambiguity and chaos Need for clarity and structure
Appeal of novelty and convenience Appeal of purity Belief in one’s own ability to influence one’s life,
one’s superiors and the world
Feeling of powerlessness toward external forces
Long Term Orientation Societal Norm
Low LTO High LTO
Immediate gratification of needs expected Deferred gratification of needs accepted Traditions are sacrosanct Traditions adaptable to changed circumstances Family life guided by imperatives Family life guided by shared tasks
Short-term virtues taught: social consumption Long-term virtues taught: frugality, perseverance
Spending Saving, investing
The bottom-line Building of a strong market position
Analytic thinking Synthetic thinking
Appendix 2
Experts
• Mr. D.P.M. Maessen CMC, strategic management consultant and founder of Ekulesia
• Mr. M.P. Pullens, strategic management consultant, long term engagement with ONVZ health insurance company and also founder of Ekulesia
Appendix 3:
Welfare State Typology – Esping Andersen (1990)
Welfare refers to ‘well-being’ of citizens (source: Robert Gordon University, 2006). In welfare economics, welfare is understood in terms of utility; people’s well-being or interests consist of the things they choose to have. Welfare also refers to the range of services which are provided to protect people in a number of conditions, including childhood, sickness and old age. This idea of social protection, in the Western world, has resulted in a political system that to some extent provides in these forms of protection: the welfare state.
A welfare state is a political system under which the state has primary responsibility for the welfare of its citizens, providing a guaranteed minimum standard of life, and insurance against the risks of poverty, illness, and social deprivation. Welfare services include social security, which makes provision against interruption of earnings through sickness, injury, old age, or unemployment. They take the forms of unemployment and sickness benefits, family allowances, and income supplements, provided and typically financed through state insurance schemes. The services also include health and education, financed typically through taxation, and the provision of subsidized ‘social housing’. Subsidized public transport, leisure facilities, and public libraries, with special discounts for the elderly, unemployed, and disabled, are other noncore elements of a welfare state. Using cluster-analysis, Esping Andersen (1990) distinguishes three types of welfare state typologies: 1. Corporatist regime
2. Liberal regime
3. Social Democratic regime
The Corporatist Regime
This type of regime has its origins in continental Europe, where the influence of the Catholic Church and of the authoritarian conservative state was strongest. The best known example of this type of regime is the German Welfare model of chancellor Otto von Bismarck (source: University of Pittsburgh, 2006).
Countries with this type of regime are mainly concerned with maintaining order and status. In order to accomplish this goal, social insurance funds (health, unemployment, old age, accident insurance) have been set up that reward performance in work and status. This was done under the premonition that family is the cornerstone of society, and therefore a woman would gain access to these funds only through the male bread winner. Formally these insurance funds are executed independently from the government. However, they do have a public status and contributions to these funds are obligatory and directly deducted from payroll. An inter-generational contract ensures that beneficiaries of these funds are always supported by the people that are currently employed.
Countries with this type of regime are vulnerable to demographic changes. A shrinking work-force and an aging population can exhaust funds rapidly, requiring a change in payroll-taxes, driving up labor costs and low-wage unemployment.
Countries with this type of regime have the following characteristics (Esping Andersen, 1990):
- conservative, strong states - weak, liberal tradition
- a status conscious working class - strong presence of the Catholic Church
In the greater context of welfare states, the corporatist regime has several advantages and disadvantages, considered from the public’s point of view. These advantages and disadvantages have been listed in table1.
Table 1: Advantages and disadvantages of the Corporatist Welfare State
Advantages Disadvantages
Enjoys high level of public support Maintains and reinforces social differences Allows beneficiaries to maintain there level
of income
Sensitive to employment conditions and demographic changes
Allows for a private service system without rationing
Drives up labor costs and low wage unemployment
Benefits increase as contributions increase Tends to penalize those in unstable, non-traditional or part-time job situations Intermediate tax burden Often provides few benefits for those
outside the benefit model (source: University of Pittsburgh, 2006)
The Liberal Regime
The liberal welfare regime is characterized by means tested programs (a test to demonstrate need) and modest universal benefits which are based on public services or insurance schemes. It usually provides for those that have low income. The state generally encourages the market to act as a co-provider of benefits, in part by providing only a low level of public services. Often, these benefits are also of poor quality, and carry a negative public stigma. Welfare recipients can often choose to opt for other solutions, often provided by commercial enterprises that will offer high quality and stigma free, more expensive, health care services and pension benefits (source: University of Pittsburgh, 2006).
Countries with this type of regime have the following characteristics (Esping Andersen, 1990):
- Politically powerful middle/commercial class - Liberal/anti-state political tradition
- Dominant position of the market
- Immigrant society or society with high-potential to advance on a social scale - Weak state
- Protestant tradition
In the greater context of welfare states, the Liberalist regime has several advantages and disadvantages, considered from the public’s point of view. An overview of these advantages and disadvantages are listed in table 2.
Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages of the Liberalist Welfare State
Advantages Disadvantages
Least sensitive to demographic changes in the population
High inequality, great social differences (two-class society)
Low taxes Low level of services for the poor
Differentiated services Welfare is a unpopular political theme and in the end proves to be unsustainable Stimulates job growth, especially in the
low-skill sector
Negative stigma attached to benefit recipients
(source: University of Pittsburgh, 2006)
The Social Democratic Regime
The Social Democratic Welfare State came into existence as a result of a class alliance between the industrial working class and the small holders of private enterprises (Esping Andersen, 1990). It was expanded by a dominant social democratic party (left-wing), adjusting the welfare state to the growing needs of an increasingly wealthy population, and creating universal access to services regardless of contribution, yet individually targeted depending on need.
In countries with this type of regime, social democracy has been the main political force in developing a universalistic welfare state that touches on all aspects of people’s lives. Within this system, the concept of social rights has been realized to the fullest, the enjoyment of benefits and services, under this system, is least dependent on the person’s performance in the market and subject only to the level of need.
In countries with this type of regime, one can often see that because of the advanced level of public services, the state has regulated out virtually all private competition. And to be able to offer these high-level services, the Social Democratic State has to deal with enormous costs, resulting in a high tax-burden and a high level of bureaucracy. In contrast, this type of regime is less susceptible to job losses in the low-skill sector because it tends to be funded by progressive income and value-added taxes (source: University of Pittsburgh, 2006).
Countries with this type of regime are generally characterized by the following traits (Esping Andersen, 1991):
- Protestant, liberal tradition with great regard of individualism and equality - Cooperation between working class and peasant class
- Dominant role of leftist parties in politics
In the greater context of welfare states, the Social Democratic regime has several advantages and disadvantages, considered from the public’s point of view. These advantages and disadvantages have been listed in table 3.
Table 3: Advantages and disadvantages of the Social Democratic State
Advantages Disadvantages
Universality encourages the support of the population
Very complex to administer High benefits, differentiated services Expensive and bureaucratic Employment effects (services) High tax burden
Reduces class differences Strong government orientation
Pressure on budget because of high costs (source: University of Pittsburgh, 2006)
Appendix 4:
Perceived Culture – Schein (1992)
In his book, Schein (1992) defines the culture of a group as: “a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered to be valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”.
The framework that Schein (1992) offers distinguishes 3 levels on which culture can be analyzed, and level refers to the degree to which the cultural phenomenon is visible to the observer. These levels range from the very tangible manifestations that one can see and feel to the deeply embedded, unconscious basic assumptions that he defines as the essence of culture (see figure1).
Figure 1: Levels of Culture (Schein, 1992)
Artifacts
At the surface, culture consists of artifacts, which includes all the phenomena that one sees, hears, and feels when one encounters a new group with an unfamiliar culture (Schein, 1992). Artifacts include the visible products of the group such as the architecture of its physical environment, its language, its technology and products, its artistic creations, and its style embodied in clothing, manners of address, emotional displays and stories told about the organization, published lists of values, observable rituals and ceremonies, and so on. It also includes the visible behavior of the group and the processes into which such behavior is made routine (Schein, 1992).
The most important feature of this level of group-culture is that it is easy to observe but very difficult to decipher, meaning that the observer can easily describe what he sees and feels but cannot make a reconstruction, based on these observations alone, what those things mean in the given group.
Espoused Values
Slightly less visible than artifacts and very complex is Schein's second level of culture, a group’s values. 'Espoused values are those which are developed within a group when decisions are made by the groups and found to succeed’(Schein, 1992). If a solution is seen as reliable for a certain problem the group takes it on board as the way it is to be done, so whereas originally it was a hypothesis it ultimately becomes accepted as a reality and is transformed into a shared value that is no longer questioned. Values of this type operate at different levels of awareness.
Basic Assumptions
At the deepest level of culture are the group’s basic assumptions. Assumptions are those unconscious, taken for granted beliefs, perceptions, thoughts, underlying shared convictions that guide behavior and are the ultimate source of values and action. Schein (1992) believes this is the essence of culture and in the study of culture one must search for the pattern among the different underlying assumptions of the group so that one can attempt to identify the paradigm which drives the way the people think, perceive and judge situations.
Appendix 5:
Questionnaire Concept of Living
Research Protocol
This questionnaire is meant as a guideline for the investigator that helps him/her through the investigation. The questionnaire consists of 7 main subjects, each with in total 19 main open questions. Each of the 19 main questions has a number of sub-investigative questions. The questions in this questionnaire have been derived from the 7C-model presented in chapter 2.
Restrictions and Regulations
- This questionnaire is the basis of the interviews that are to be held over the telephone;
- The interviewees should be screened first, and need to comply with the methods of data collection presented in chapter 2;
- The investigator is obliged to familiarize him/herself with the contents and purposes of this thesis, before starting the investigation. Required readings are chapter 1 through 3, and both paragraphs 1 and 2 of chapters 5 and 6;
- The selection of interviewees should take place within the context of the proposed concepts of living. Furthermore, all of the interviewees in one country must be connected to one concept of living;
- When conducting the interview, the investigator needs to bear in mind that the research is only meant to investigate solutions that are offered to the target group of senior citizens. Other findings are irrelevant;
- The investigator, when searching for the required information, is allowed to make use of other sources of information, at his/her own discretion;
- The main purpose of the interview is to find answers to the 19 main questions, sub-questions are offered to help the investigator to guide the interviewee in order to come to answers that are both complete and descriptive. The use of the sub-questions are at the investigator’s discretion;
- Interviews are to be conducted over the telephone; with the restriction that one interview should not be longer than 2.5 hours. However, it is allowed to conduct the interview in more than one session;
Questions derived from 7C-framework
Community Existence:
• 1: Does this municipality have connections with other municipalities when in it comes to governance and institutions?
- What is the nature of these connections?
- Would you say that these connections are tight or loose?
- What kind of effect do these connections have on the governance of this municipality?
- To what extent is local policy making dependent of the national government? Can you name examples of what types of decisions that can be made independently?
- In your opinion, is this municipality dependent of other municipalities (could this municipality exist autonomously)?
- If dependent: In your opinion, how dependent would you say it is?
- What kind of effect does this (in)dependency have on daily life of the senior citizens in this community?
- What evidence shows this? - Can you explain?
• 2: How is this municipality being governed?
- Is governance being instated in a democratic way?
- How does this type of governance affect the elderly citizens?
- To what extent does the governing body have autonomy concerning policy making?
- In your opinion, do you feel that this municipality is being governed well? - Can you name examples of this?
- In your opinion, do you feel that the elderly citizens benefit from this type of governance?
- What evidence shows this?
- Can elderly citizens influence local government? In what way? Are there visible results from this influence?
• 3: How does this municipality ensure continuity with respect to the target group? - What age groups are being accommodated within this community?
- What type of housing is available for them in this community (rental, buying houses).
- To your knowledge, how many of the elderly citizens live independently? - Is it common for certain age groups to move to another municipality?
Why?
- To your knowledge, until what age (on average) is it considered to be normal to move to a retirement home? (dependent living)
Community Accommodation
• 1: How do elderly citizens in this community stay informed? - What types of sources of information are there?
• 2: In what way is safe living being ensured in this community, especially for the elderly citizens?
- How is security being ensured?
- What types of systems does this need?
- Can you name a few examples of these systems? - How do they work?
- Except for the police apparatus, is there a security system/ organization that concerns itself only with the safety of the elderly citizens?
- Is a strict security policy necessary in this community? - How much emphasis is being put on security and safe living? - Is there visible evidence that shows this?
- Has security and safe living, in your opinion, improved over the past few years?
- In your opinion, do you feel that elderly citizens benefit from these security systems?
- Do you think that elderly citizens feel safe? Should improvements be made?
- Can you give examples?
- Has there been a happening in the past that made it necessary to strengthen security measures? What happening was this? What were the effects? - Is the way that security is being handled here unique? If yes, in what way?
If no: how come?
• 3: In what way are elderly citizens being taken care of in this municipality? - Are there organizations present in this community that concern themselves
with the (health)care of elderly citizens?
- If no: can elderly citizens obtain the care they need within the region? - What types of care do these organizations offer? Can you give examples? - What level of care-taking is considered to be a basic level that should be
available to everybody?
- What do elderly citizens have to do, in order to receive the care they need? How does this work?
- Concerning care taking, can you name an example of something that is unique of special for this municipality?
- Do you think that elderly citizens benefit from the care that is being offered here?
- Would you say that the care-system in this community has good quality? - To your knowledge, are there care-needs that people tend to satisfy
elsewhere? Why?
- In what aspect do you think that the care system fails? Can you give a specific case or example?
- Do you think that improvements can be made?
- Do you think that the care provided in this community makes it more possible for elderly citizens to enjoy independent living?
Community Master Plan
• 1: To what extent is infrastructure adapted to the physical needs of elderly citizens?
(Infrastructure = the combination of roads, means of transportation, presence of institutions/services)
- Would you say, that in this community, demographics is an issue that is taken into consideration when making decisions concerning infrastructure?
- Can you name examples that show that infrastructure has been adapted to elderly citizens?
- Do you think that elderly citizens can accommodate all of there physical needs within reasonable distance? If yes: can you give examples? If no: what are those?
- Do you think that infrastructure as it is now facilitates elderly citizens to live independently longer? If yes: in what way/ examples/ cases? If no: how should this change? What specific suggestions do you have? What parts of the infrastructure do you think should be improved?
• 2: In what way is inclusion in social life being offered to elderly citizens?
- Would you say that in this municipality there is an emphasis on the necessity of a social life for elderly citizens?
- Is it common here, that elderly citizen are stimulated to take part in activities? If yes: in what way? If no: is this not necessary in this municipality?
- Is it common here, that elderly citizen get special attention when it comes to social encounters? If yes: in what way? If no: why not?
- What kinds of facilities are available that are meant to enhance the social life of elderly citizens?
- What types of services do they offer? Can you give examples? - In your opinion, do these services benefit the elderly citizens?
- Do you think that enough emphasis is being put on this matter of subject? - In the future, do you think that social inclusion will be considered more or
less important? Why?
• 3: In what way are elderly citizens being accommodated in their specific consumer needs?
- In what way does this municipality distinguish itself from other municipalities? Can you give examples of specific strong points?
- In comparison with other municipalities in Sweden, would you say it is more expensive to live here, or rather less expensive?
Community Life
• 1: Is social exclusion of elderly people considered a problem in this community? - How does this municipality handle this?
- What types of measures have been taken?
- Has it had a positive effect, of the past few years?
- What measures, in your opinion, should be taken still? Are improvements necessary?
• 2: Is religion an important aspect in the life of the elderly citizens in this municipality?
- Would you say that the elderly people in this municipality consider religion as an important part of their life?
- What main religion is being practiced in this community?
- Would you say that religion is something that helps people live independently for a longer period of time?
- How does this come into effect? What activities does the church undertake to make this more possible?
- Would you say that religion amongst elderly citizens makes them feel less excluded? Does it have a community-binding effect?
- Can you give an example that shows how important religion is in this community? (saying, image,…)
• 3: Do leisure/recreational-activities play a role in the normal daily life of elderly citizens?
- Are there organizations/institutions present in this community that offer recreational activities to elderly citizens?
- What types of activities do they offer?
- Which of the activities could be considered the most popular? Have there been changes over the past few years in popularity?
- Are these activities available to all elderly citizens, or only to special groups?
- Could you make an estimate (percentage) of how many elderly citizens take part in these activities?
- Would you say that taking part in recreational activities enables elderly citizens live independently for a longer period of time?
• 4: Do elderly citizens in this municipality still partake in educational activities? - Are there elderly citizens that give education (teach)? Would you say that
- Are there elderly citizens that receive education (take classes)? Would you say that this is a large group? What type of education?
• 5: Is it considered to be normal for elderly citizens to work, have jobs?
- Volunteering? What types of jobs? What percentage of elderly citizens does work as a volunteer? Would you say that these volunteering jobs require a specific professional back-ground?
- Paid-jobs? What types of jobs? What percentage of elderly citizens does work for money? Would you say that these jobs require a specific professional background? Would you say that in this community it is considered normal for elderly citizens to keep working after the retirement-age?
Communal Belief System
• 1: How can the specific culture amongst elderly citizens in this municipality be typified?
- Can you describe in your own words the culture of this community? - Can you describe an image that in your opinion says it all?
- What objects/artifacts/pieces of art in this community, in your opinion, stand as a symbol for this group of elderly citizens?
- Would you say that all elderly citizens belong to the same cultural group, or are there sub-groups with different cultures? What evidence shows this? - Would you say that this culture is strong or weak?
- If there are different groups, which group stands out the most? How do you notice?
- Would you say that buildings that are built especially for elderly citizens have a specific architecture?
Community Support
• 1: Who are the professional people in this municipality that take care of elderly citizens?
- What percentage of these care-takers have had a specific education for this type of job?
- What types of education are required?
- How many of these professionals do this work voluntary/ as a paid job? - Are these care-takers predominantly women?
- Would you say that because of family support elderly citizens are enabled to live independently for a longer period of time?
- Is this common in this community?
• 3: Except for health-care services, what other types of services are offered in this community that benefit elderly citizens?
- What types of services are being offered (meals on wheels, laundry,….)? - What percentage of elderly citizens make use of these services?
- Would you say that these services are of good quality?
- Would you say that there are needs amongst elderly citizens that are not being attended to yet?
- What improvements could still be made?
Community Competencies
• 1: What is the level of mobility of the elderly citizens that live in this municipality?
- Is there a special selection procedure before elderly citizens move into the community?
- What is the average level of education amongst the group of elderly citizens?
- Do they also share a similar professional background?
- At what age (on average) do elderly people move to an independent facility?
- Is this considered to be normal, compared to other municipalities?
- What percentage of these citizens do not need specific care that would enable them to live independently?
- What percentage of these citizens, would you say, live active social lives? - From your point of view, can this be improved? How?
Appendix 6:
Questionnaire Quality of life
Appendix 7:
Swedish Research Information
1.
Interviewees:
• Mrs. U. Johansen, ombudsman for the elderly, Södertälje City Council, duration of interview: 2 hours;
• Mrs. R.M. Jacobsson, member of Elderly Care Services Committee, Södertälje City Council, duration of interview: 2 hours;
2.
Results of Internet-questionnaire
Participant Characteristics
# Respondents = 14 female = 9 male = 5 55-60 years = 75%
60-80 years = 17% 80 years –older = 8%
Years lived in Södertälje mean = 35
Importance Ranking Indicator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T o ta l Safety 36 21 14 29 100 Leisure Acitivities 58 21 21 100 Infrastructure 7 14 79 100 A good Economy 7 7 50 36 100 Affordable Housing 29 64 7 100 Transportation 7 29 42 7 14 100 Education/ Learning 50 50 100 Health Services 57 43 100
Arts & Culture 36 64 100
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
(In the table above, the results of the internet questionnaire on the question ‘Important factors that influenced your decision when moving to your current location’ (see also appendix 6) of Södertälje Kommun are presented. All of the rankings that were inserted by the respondents have been calculated in percentages. On every indicator a maximum score of 100 must be obtained, the score of each ranking has been calculated accordingly. Also, on every ranking, a maximum score of 100 can be obtained, and the score of each indicator has been calculated accordingly. The grey areas indicate that none of the respondents regarded that particular ranking as being applicable with respect to that particular indicator.)
Performance
Judgment
Indicator
Very Bad Bad Normal Good Very
Good Total Safety 7 36 14 43 100 Leisure activities 7 7 64 21 100 Infrastructure 14 36 50 100 A good economy 93 7 100 Affordable housing 50 50 100 Transportation 36 64 100 Education/ Learning 93 7 100 Health Services 86 14 100
Arts & Culture 86 14 100
(In the table above, the results of the internet questionnaire (see also appendix 6) on the question ‘Performance of neighbourhood aspects’ for Södertälje Kommun are presented. All of the judgments that were inserted by the participants have been calculated. On each of the indicators, a maximum score of 100 must be obtained; the scores of each judgment have been calculated accordingly. The indicators were not interrelated; therefore no calculation has been made for each of the judgments individually. The grey areas indicate that none of the respondents regarded that particular ranking as being applicable with respect to that particular indicator.)
Appendix 8:
USA Research Information
1.
Interviewees:
• Mrs. L. Schneider, Director of Marketing, Shellpoint Retirement Community, duration of interview: 1,5 hours;
• Mr. J. Cory, Executive Director of Legacy Foundation, Shellpoint Retirement Community, duration of interview: 2 hours;
2.
Results of Internet-questionnaire
Participant Characteristics
# Respondents = 15 female = 9 male = 6 55-80 years = 60%
80 years- older = 40%
Years lived at Shellpoint 0-5 years = 53% 5 years or more = 47%
Importance Score Indicator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T o ta l Safety 13 7 80 100 Leisure Acitivities 7 13 13 67 100 Infrastructure 73 27 100 A good Economy 93 7 100 Affordable Housing 7 93 100 Transportation 20 40 40 100 Education/ Learning 13 40 13 20 20 100 Health Services 20 7 73 100
Arts & Culture 13 40 40 7 100
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 x (In the table above, the results of the internet questionnaire on the question ‘Important factors that influenced your decision when moving to your current location’ (see also appendix 6) of Shell Point Retirement Community are presented. All of the rankings that were inserted by the respondents have been calculated in percentages. On every indicator a maximum score of 100 can be obtained, the score of each ranking has been calculated accordingly. Also, on every ranking, a maximum score of 100 can be obtained, and the score of each indicator has been calculated accordingly. The grey areas indicate that none of the respondents regarded that particular ranking as being applicable with respect to that particular indicator.)
Performance
Very Bad Bad Normal Good Very
Good Total Safety 13 87 100 Leisure activities 47 53 100 Infrastructure 33 47 20 100 A good economy 67 20 13 100 Affordable housing 13 87 100 Transportation 7 20 73 100 Education/ Learning 27 67 7 100 Health Services 60 27 13 100
Arts & Culture 53 47 100
(In the table above, the results of the internet questionnaire (see also appendix 6) on the question ‘Performance of neighbourhood aspects’ for Shell Point Retirement Community are presented. All of the judgments that were inserted by the participants have been calculated. On each of the indicators, a maximum score of 100 must be obtained; the scores of each judgment have been calculated accordingly. The indicators were not interrelated; therefore no calculation has been made for each of the judgments individually. The grey areas indicate that none of the respondents regarded that particular ranking as being applicable with respect to that particular indicator.)
