University of Groningen
Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis using novel process intensification principles
Ilmi, Miftahul
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Publication date: 2017
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Ilmi, M. (2017). Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis using novel process intensification principles. University of Groningen.
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Enzymatic Biodiesel Synthesis using Novel Process Intensification
Principles
Miftahul Ilmi
1. It is essential to use a minimum alcohol-to-oil ratio of 4 for enzymatic ester synthesis in aqueous-organic biphasic systems to avoid the formation of high amounts of free fatty acids (Chapter 2, this thesis).
2. The observation of low ester yields for enzymatic ester synthesis in the presence of low amounts of water is not only caused by enzyme inhibition by the alcohol as stated by Kamini et al. , but is also due to a reduction in the rate of hydrolysis of the triglyceride prior to esterification.
(N.R. Kamini, H. Iefuji, Lipase catalyzed methanolysis of vegetable oils in aqueous
medium by Cryptococcus spp. S-2, Process Biochem. 37 (2001) 405–410.)
3. Glucose catabolite repression must be considered in fungal lipase production (Chapter 5, this thesis).
4. To develop a global biodiesel industry based on rubber seed oil, a steady and sufficient supply of high quality rubber seeds from plantations is of high importance.
5. Biodiesel production can be greened up considerably by using enzymes produced from the press cake obtained after isolation of the plant oils from the seeds.
6. CCCS devices are very suitable for liquid-liquid-solid reactions.
7. Rubber seed valorisation without considering the biorefinery concept is a no-go. 8. Indonesians need to go to Europe in order to appreciate Indonesian diversity.
