European Legal Methodology (second edition)

EUROPEAN LEGAL METHODOLOGY

Th is book has been made possible with the support of the Fritz Th yssen Foundation, Cologne

Ius Communitatis Series, Volume 7

EUROPEAN LEGAL METHODOLOGY

Edited by

Karl Riesenhuber

2

edition

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European Legal Methodology. 2

edition

© Th e editor and contributors severally 2021

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Artwork on front and back cover: Ecce Homo, 1543, by Titian (ca 1490–1576), 242 × 361 cm. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum. c 2017 De Agostini Picture Library/Scala, Florence

A German language version of the book is published by De Gruyter as Europäische Methodenlehre, ISBN 978-3-11-061378-0.

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SERIES PREFACE

Th e role of European law is becoming more and more central in comparative law, in the law of Member States and beyond and as an outstanding model for legal policy. It has been common practice for quite a number of years now that in almost all core areas of law, the important spurs to reform have been coming from Europe and that European law dominates the cornerstones of our legal systems. Th erefore, a discussion of European law involves addressing the main problems and guiding principles but, in practical terms, it also increasingly entails raising questions that are challenging national legal traditions and rendering entire libraries obsolete.

Since 2002, the year marking the introduction of the Euro, a new law of obligations has been in place in Germany, with the old codifi cations in France and Austria following later on. Th e next years were characterised by unrestricted cross-border mobility of court decisions; the re-writing of core areas of company law such as accounting, cross-border mobility, as well as the promulgation of supranational types of company, with some of the largest German enterprises becoming ‘ European Companies ’ (SE); and cross-border crediting of contributions to social security systems becoming a reality. Corporate governance and shareholder rights, alongside corporate social responsibility have developed as core areas of Europeanisation, giving company law an imprint of sustainability and broad representation. Th e law on competition and subsidies has been primarily European for a long time and its mighty implementing mechanisms – overriding Heads of State – fi ll title pages. For almost a decade now, the private advocate general can fi le (follow-on) suits and strengthen a European Competition Union. Th e same applies to intellectual property law, foreign exchange law, banking and insurance law and environmental law. Th ese have become genuinely European subjects. Th e European Banking Union (for the Eurozone) and the European Capital Market Union have forged a genuinely European architecture for the whole of capital and fi nance – on which fi nancing responses to individual crises such as the Covid-19 aid packages could build as well. Th ey strengthened and broadened fi nancial stability schemes at the EU level, from banking law to capital market law and collaboration with respect to systemic risk. Th e cross-border arrest warrant fundamentally changed European Criminal Law; while anti-discrimination law is all encompassing.

Not all endeavours have been successful. Th e European Optional Contract Law

(Code) – even though interesting and novel as an idea – failed; it was perceived

Intersentia Series Preface

vi

as a cartelising endeavour that only a few actors in the EU partook in. More importantly, initiatives of more general acceptance and more urgent practical need supplanted it. Th e Lisbon Treaty – though formally not a constitution – installed a new institutional setting strengthening the democratic legitimacy and powers of the European Union. In parallel, fundamental rights have become a focus of European positive law, an overarching set of values – no longer only derived from comparative law. Besides the fi nancial stability scheme and the political awakening, the digitalisation agenda is the broadest general endeavour of the last decade – in company law, capital market law, electronic registers, digital content contracts, platform law, and – in principle human rights law based – a general, directly applicable data protection scheme. Th e future will show whether Europe will really need an institutionalised economic collaboration for its political economy ( ‘ true economic government ’ ) in some way, refl ecting the now global importance of the Euro and the responsibility attached to it! Th e future will also show how much work will be needed on these values and how much proactive protection of them will be required. Th ere are certain signs of crises, but the overall development in the EU remains considerably dynamic.

European law – in all legal areas – has long since assumed dimensions that make it absolutely necessary to refer to more than a single book. Th is series, now beginning its second and in part third edition, is structured so as to provide the relevant European complement to a traditional legal area. It off ers the internal market package organised in this way, with those areas being chosen for users that have a signifi cant internal market dimension. In comparison with a multi- volume loose-leaf work, it has advantages not only in terms of price, but also in that it puts a greater emphasis on classifi cation and limits the material to the essential, which is important in an overfl owing area such as European law, of which only very few people manage to preserve an overview. Structuring the architecture, as opposed to information overkill, is the aim.

Th e dynamic nature of European law is impressive, as its development hurtles along, gathering momentum. Th ere is a need for direction. A serious application of law can no longer focus solely on national transposition. Th e original, the European guideline, which in an increasing number of cases already de jure , but in almost all other cases at least de facto has to be directly applied (even in national legal processes), must be considered. Such direction can best be provided by presenting the contents of European law in context and in the necessary detail – in the present case, up to twelve individual volumes. Some of the volumes have already had considerable success in one national market and are now presented to a pan-European public.

Th e volumes cover the most important topics in the ‘ Europeanisation ’ of law.

For practitioners – solicitors and barristers, corporate lawyers, judges or lawyers

Series Preface

in state authorities or ministries – who do not wish to turn a blind eye to European law, these volumes provide a reliable treatment of the important problems, with suffi ciently detailed references. Th ey provide practitioners with all that they need on the EU level and, moreover, give comparative law and legal policy insights.

As a series, they give an overview of those areas most aff ected by European law. Likewise, they provide advanced students with material for excellent examination results. Students must study European law seriously as part of their main subject if they really wish to specialise in this in the future and do more than pass their examination with an average result. Works with comparative law and interdisciplinary aspects also prepare students for a possible period of study abroad, help them to analyse law in terms of function and also support studies in related subjects. Th us, IUS COMMUNITATIS makes European substantive law accessible in the form of the classic systematic textbook and specialist work.

All volumes on the applicable law of the Union begin by presenting the necessary tools: in each case, the EU law and the instruments whereby this law enters into the national legal systems are introduced. In all volumes, a thorough description of the EU law rules forms the core of the discussion. However, economic or other interdisciplinary references of signifi cance to the legislation in question are also explained, i.e. what the rules are intended to achieve and, where there are lacunae, the various models that exist and are discussed throughout Europe. European law is, indeed, still a law in the making – even though it is so dominant already. Each legal area is presented in a logical order, as an organic whole; which implies that the approximated or harmonised law forms only the skeleton or hard nucleus and is supplemented by comparative law explanations where harmonisation is not advanced. In this way, the relationship to national law becomes clearer and the ability of readers to deal with European law will improve, as they are given a coherent picture rather than the fragmentary one oft en complained of. Th ese are textbooks, discussion books and, above all, practical books – suffi ciently condensed to contain all the necessary details and yet clear in their outlines. Th is is the objective we strive for and the challenge. Th e authors, editors and the series editor (Stefan.Grundmann@rewi.hu-berlin.de) thank those who have criticised and inspired us and who may do so in the future.

Th e entire IUS COMMUNITATIS series owes much to the Th yssen Foundation, which considered the European aspect and, in particular, the connection with comparative law so important that it generously supported a good number of the volumes. As the series editor, I would like to express my deepest thanks.

Berlin/Florence, Spring 2021 Stefan Grundmann

EDITOR ’ S PREFACE

Th e fi rst edition of the present volume was met with friendly reception. Four years aft er the publication of the fi rst English edition, we are able to present this 2nd edition of the book. It largely follows the 4th edition of the German version Europ ä ische Methodenlehre .

Th e basic concept remains unchanged. However, there have been some changes among the authors and also in individual chapters. Aft er the untimely death of our highly-esteemed colleague Robert

on European labour law. Th e chapter on sources of law has been revised by Prof.  Dr.  Johannes K ö ndgen together with Privatdozent Dr. Oliver M ö rsdorf.

In particular, the increasing importance of fundamental rights has been taken into account. A new country report on Poland has been provided by Dr. Th

e contributions on European contract and company law as well as the country report on Italy have been omitted from the present edition; in this respect, we refer to the previous edition.

I would like to thank my assistants at Ruhr-University Bochum for their dedicated support in the preparation of this new edition, especially my research assistant Gereon Walter who coordinated the editing work, organised the various reviews and held the various threads together; my research assistants Mr. Lukas

Teresa Wei ß .

Bochum, May 2021 Karl Riesenhuber

1 K. Riesenhuber (ed.), Europäische Methodenlehre, 4th edn. (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021).

CONTENTS

SERIES PREFACE . . . v

EDITOR’S PREFACE . . . ix

LIST OF CASES . . . .xv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . xxxix

LIST OF AUTHORS . . . li

§1. European Legal Methodology: Introduction and Overview Karl Riesenhuber . . . .1

PART 1. FOUNDATIONS

§2. Legal Methods in Ancient Rome Jan Dirk Harke . . . .11

§3. Judging Statutes and the 19th Century: Judicial Compliance with Statutes, Interpretation and Analogy Christian Baldus and Lena Kunz . . . .31

§4. Comparative Law Andreas Schwartze . . . .61

§5. Law-Making and Adjudication for the Internal Market: Th e Role of Economic Reasoning Jens-Uwe Franck . . . .87

PART 2. GENERAL SECTION CHAPTER 1. SOURCES OF LAW . . . 117

§6. Th e Sources of European Private Law

Johannes Köndgen and Oliver Mörsdorf . . . 117

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CHAPTER 2.

EU PRIMARY LAW . . . 157

§7. Interpretation and Development of EU Primary Law

Rudolf Streinz . . . 157

§8. Interpretation in Conformity with Primary Law

Stefan Leible and Ronny Domröse . . . 181

EU SECONDARY LAW . . . 211

§9. System (Systemdenken) and System Building

Stefan Grundmann . . . 211

§10. Interpretation of EU Secondary Law

Karl Riesenhuber . . . 249

§11. Concretisation of General Clauses

Florian Möslein and Anne Röthel . . . 283

§12. Judicial Development of Law

Jörg Neuner . . . 313

EFFECTS ON THE NATIONAL LAW OF THE MEMBER STATES . . . 341

§13. Interpretation in Conformity with Directives

Wulf-Henning Roth and Christian Jopen . . . 341

§14. Gold-Plating: Th e Implementation of Directives Th rough National Provisions with a Wider Scope of Application

Mathias Habersack and Christian Mayer . . . 375

§15. Th e Advance Eff ect of Directives

Christian Hofmann . . . 405

§16. Temporal Eff ects of CJEU Judgments

Frank Rosenkranz . . . 435

CHAPTER 1.

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN SELECTED BRANCHES . . . 469

§17. European Labour Law

Robert Rebhahn and Martin Franzen . . . 469

§18. European Capital Market Law

Susanne Kalss . . . 499

Contents

§19. European Competition Law

Th omas Ackermann . . . 527

NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES . . . 551

§20. Germany

Johanna Schmidt-Räntsch . . . 551

§21. France

Ulrike Babusiaux . . . 581

§22. United Kingdom

Michael Schillig . . . 621

§23. Spain

Klaus Jochen Albiez Dohrmann and Sixto Sánchez Lorenzo . . . 649

§24. Poland

Th omas Raff . . . 675

LIST OF CASES

EUROPEAN

COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION/GENERAL COURT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

‘ ZPT ’ AD v. Narodno sabranie na Republika Bulgaria et al. , EU:C:2018:126 . . . 184 , 187

01051 Telecom , EU:C:2008:187 . . . 634

A a.o. , EU:C:2020:503 . . . . 465

A.K. and others , EU:C:2019:982 . . . 173 , 676 , 686 , 689 – 690 Abels , EU:C:1985:55 . . . 168 , 479 Abler , EU:C:2003:629 . . . 480 , 484 ABNA , EU:C:2005:741 . . . . 563

ACCEPT , EU:C:2013:81 . . . 143

AC-Treuhand v. Commission , EU:T:2008:256 . . . 256

Adelener , EU:C:2006:443 . . . 352 , 360 , 365 , 370 , 373 , 409 , 418 , 421 – 422 , 430 , 465 , 478 , 486 , 639 , 646 ADS Anker , EU:C:2004:440. . . . 484

AGl Tanchev, A.K ., EU:C:2019:551 . . . 690

Air France v. Folkerts , EU:C:2013:106 . . . 331

Airtours v. Commission , EU:T:2002:146 . . . 533

Å kerberg Fransson , EU:2013:105 . . . 134 , 176 AKT , EU:C:2015:173 . . . . . 479

Akzo Nobel Chemicals Ltd ., EU:C:2010:512 . . . 330

Albany , EU:C:1999:430 . . . 493

Albron Catering , EU:C:2010:625 . . . 446

Alemo-Herron , EU:C:2013:521 . . . 270 , 484 , 493 Allen , EU:C:1999:594 . . . . . 481

Alliance for Natural Health , EU:C:2005:449 . . . 189

Allonby , EU:C:2004:18 . . . 487

Alsthom Atlantique , EU:C:1991 . . . 130

Ambisig , EU:C:2016:530 . . . 345 , 374 Amia , EU:C:2012:306 . . . 355 , 374 Ampafrance and Sanofi , EU:C:2000:470 . . . 444

Andersen , EU:C:2008:743 . . . 480

ANGED , EU:C:2012:372 . . . 483

Angelidaki , EU:C:2009:250 . . . 374 , 486 Angonese , EU:C:2000:296 . . . 131 , 135 Ansul v. Ajax , EU:C:2003:145 . . . 659

Antonissen , EU:C:1991:80 . . . 277

Arblade , EU:C:1999:575 . . . 490

Arcaro , EU:C:1996:363 . . . 369

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xvi

Ariete , EU:C:1980:195 . . . . 464

Artegodan , EU:T:2002:283 . . . 198

Asia Motor France v. Commission , EU:T:1993:52 . . . 543

Asklepios Kliniken , EU:C:2017:317 . . . 257 , 493 Associa ç ã o Sindical dos Ju í zes Portugueses , EU:C:2018:117 . . . 174

Association de m é diation sociale , EU:C:2014:2 . . . 374 , 489 , 494 Association France Nature Environnement , EU:C:2016:603 . . . 465

Athina ï ki Zythopoiia AE , EU:C:2001:505 . . . 463

ATRAL , EU:C:2003:265 . . . 412 , 431 Audiolux , EU:C:2009:626 . . . 150 , 334 Austria v. Council , EU:C:2003:445 . . . 457

Azienda Agro-Zootecnica Franchini , EU:C:2011:502 . . . 412

Aziz , EU:C:2013:164 . . . 296 , 303 , 657 Banco Espa ñ ol de Cr é dito , EU:C:2010:349 . . . 657 , 668 Banco Primus , EU:C:2017:60 . . . 668

Bank Saderat Iran , EU:T:2013:59 . . . 456

Barber , EU:C:1990:209 . . . 445

Barber , EU:C:2010:795 . . . 448

Barra , EU:C:1988:42 . . . . 445

Barreira P é rez , EU:C:2002:560 . . . 445 , 463 Bastei L ü bbe , EU:C:2018:841 . . . 262

BAT and Reynolds v. Commission , EU:C:1987:490 . . . 533 , 543 Bauer , EU:C:2018:871 . . . . 120

Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechselbank v. Dietzinger , EU:C:1998:111 . . . 277

BBVA v. Pedro Pe ñ alva , EU:C:2015:731 . . . 668

Beamish v. Beamish (1861) H.L.C. 274 . . . 625

Becker , EU:C:1982:7 . . . 170 , 177 , 408 – 409 BECTU , EU:C:2001:356 . . . 481 , 485 Belgisch Syndicaat van Chiropraxie , EU:C:2019:544 . . . 464

Bensada Benallal , EU:C:2016:175 . . . 364

Berliner Kindl Brauerei , EU:C:2000:152 . . . 198

BIAO , EU:C:2003:3 . . . 402 – 403 Bidar , EU:C:2005:169 . . . 441 , 446 , 450 Bilka , EU:C:1986:204 . . . 489 , 495 Bj ö rnekulla Fruktindustrier AB , EU:C:2004:275 . . . 360

Blaizot , EU:C:1988:43 . . . 458

Bofrost , EU:C:2001:188 . . . 484

Borealis Polyolefi ne , EU:C:2016:311 . . . 461

Borealis Polyolefi ne , EU:C:2016:311 . . . 461

Borgmann , EU:C:2004:202 . . . 323

Bork , EU:C:1988:308 . . . 641 – 642 Bosman , EU:C:1995:463 . . . 448 , 458 , 493 , 553 B ö tel , EU:C:1992:246 . . . . . 494

Brandes , EU:C:2013:398 . . . 483

Brasserie du P ê cheur v. Germany and Th e Queen v. Secretary of State of Transport, ex parte: Factortame and others , EU:C:1996:79 . . . 173 , 177 Brennet v. Paletta , EU:C:1996 . . . 484

Bristol-Myers Squibb , EU:C:1996:282 . . . 197

British Airways v. Commission , EU:C:2006:133 . . . 533 Brouwer-Kaune , EU:C:1979:156 . . . 198 – 199

List of Cases

Brunnhofer , EU:C:2001:358 . . . 134

Bruno , EU:C:2010:329 . . . 475 , 486 , 490 Brusse , EU:C:2013:341 . . . . 257

Buchner , EU:C:2000:276 . . . 449

Bud ě jovick ý Budvar , EU:C:2003:618 . . . 186

C.I.L.F.I.T. , EU:C:1982:335 . . . 168 , 170 , 193 , 257 , 262 – 263 , 273 , 560 , 565 , 634 , 638 , 658 Cabanis-Issarte , EU:C:1996:169 . . . 441

Cadi Surgel é s , EU:C:1996:423 . . . 459

Caisse d ’ Assurance Vieillesse , EU:C:1969:71 . . . 193 – 194 CaixaBank France , EU:C:2004:586 . . . 129

Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de Madrid , EU:C:2009:682 . . . 265

Caja Madrid v. Ausbanc , EU:C:2010:309 . . . 657

Canal Digital Danmark , EU:C:2016:800 . . . 373

Candolin , EU:C:2005:417 . . . 366 , 368 Carbonari , EU:C:1999:98 . . . 353

Carbonati Apuani , EU:C:2004:506 . . . 457 , 460 Carbotermo and Consorzio Alisei , EU:C:2006:308 . . . 332

Carrat ù , EU:C:2013:830 . . . 478 , 494 Cassis de Dijon , EU:C:1979:42 . . . 222

CCOO , EU:C:2019:402 . . . 133 , 347 , 366 , 488 CELF , EU:C:2008:79 . . . . . 453

Centro Europa 7 , EU:C:2008:59 . . . 563

Centros , EU:C:1999:126 . . . 220

Centrosteel , EU:C:2000:402 . . . 347 , 363 Č EZ , EU:C:2009:660 . . . 350 , 571 CGT , EU:C:2007:37 . . . . . 482

Chac ó n Navas , EU:C:2006:456 . . . 478

Ciechelski , EU:C:1967:27 . . . 187

Ciola v. Land Voralberg , EU:C:1999:212 . . . 408 , 416 CJIB , EU:C:2020:153 . . . 346 , 363 , 371 – 372 CK Telecoms UK Investment v. Commission , EU:T:2020:217 . . . 533

Claes , EU:C:2011:119 . . . . . 262

Clinique Laboratories and Est é e Lauder , EU:C:1994:34 . . . 222 , 271 Club-Tour , EU:C:2002:272 . . . 278

Cofi dis , EU:C:2002:705 . . . 297 , 366 Colorell Pension Trustees , EU:C:1994:348 . . . 152 , 210 Coman , EU:C:2018:385 . . . 164 , 332 Commission v. Parliament and Council , EU:C:2014:170 . . . 139

Commission and others v. Kadi , EU:C:2013:518 . . . 164

Commission v. Belgium , EU:C:1980:120 . . . 427

Commission v. Belgium , EU:C:1987:367 . . . 444

Commission v. Belgium , EU:C:2012:670 . . . 444

Commission v. Conseil des communes et r é gions d ’ Europe , EU:C:2003:400 . . . 150

Commission v. Council , EU:C:1971:32 . . . 169

Commission v. Council , EU:C:1973:60 . . . 456 , 460 Commission v. Council , EU:C:1982:332 . . . 456 , 460 Commission v. Council , EU:C:1983:369 . . . 183 , 187 – 188 , 201 , 336 Commission v. Council , EU:C:1987:163 . . . 454 Commission v. Council , EU:C:2003:452 . . . 455 – 456

Intersentia List of Cases

xviii

Commission v. Council , EU:C:2003:452 . . . 463

Commission v. Council , EU:C:2010:713 . . . 456

Commission v. Council , EU:C:2013:675 . . . 460

Commission v. Council , EU:C:2015:282 . . . 455

Commission v. France , EU:C:1970:67 . . . 255

Commission v. France , EU:C:1983:169 . . . 601

Commission v. France , EU:C:1988:393 . . . 601

Commission v. France , EU:C:1995:265 . . . 124

Commission v. France , EU:C:2002:252 . . . 299 , 380 Commission v. France , EU:C:2003:371 . . . 427

Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1985:143 . . . 392

Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1985:332 . . . 198 , 257 Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1986:463 . . . 187 , 193 , 201 Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1991:224 . . . 427

Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1991:391 . . . 427

Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1991:87 . . . 427

Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1995:260 . . . 433

Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1996:313 . . . 197

Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1998:441 . . . 574

Commission v. Germany , EU:C:1999:395 . . . 392

Commission v. Germany , EU:C:2005:220 . . . 490 – 491 Commission v. Greece , EU:C:1995:76 . . . 347 , 427 Commission v. Greece , EU:C:1996:341 . . . 392 , 394 Commission v. Greece , EU:C:2002:254 . . . 299

Commission v. Greece , EU:C:2004:585 . . . 192

Commission v. Greece , EU:C:2010:373 . . . 272

Commission v. Hungary , EU:C:2014:237 . . . 437 , 444 Commission v. Ireland , EU:C:1986:464 . . . 187 , 201 Commission v. Italy , EU:C:1970:11 . . . 172

Commission v. Italy , EU:C:1983:50 . . . 427

Commission v. Italy , EU:C:1989:45 . . . 252

Commission v. Italy , EU:C:1998:303 . . . 536

Commission v. Italy , EU:C:1999:168 . . . 190

Commission v. Italy , EU:C:2001:240 . . . 264

Commission v. Italy , EU:C:2008:334 . . . 309

Commission v. Italy , EU:C:2009:66 . . . 109

Commission v. Italy , EU:C:2009:781 . . . 448

Commission v. Netherlands , EU:C:1982:192 . . . 427

Commission v. Netherlands , EU:C:2001:257 . . . 347 , 392 , 394 , 427 , 573 , 576 Commission v. Parliament and Council , EU:C:2003:42 . . . 338 , 454 , 456 Commission v. Parliament and Council , EU:C:2006:4 . . . 454

Commission v. Parliament and Council , EU:C:2007:608 . . . 458

Commission v. Parliament and Council , EU:C:2014:298 . . . 455

Commission v. Parliament , EU:C:2010:713 . . . 460

Commission v. Poland II , EU:C:2019:924 . . . 174

Commission v. Poland , ECLI:EU:C:2019:531 . . . 689

Commission v. Poland , EU:C:2018:1021 . . . 689 , 692 Commission v. Poland , EU:C:2018:852 . . . 689 Commission v. Poland , EU:C:2019:531 . . . 174 , 676 , 689 , 692 Commission v. Poland , EU:C:2019:924 . . . 676 , 689

List of Cases

C ommission v. Poland , EU:C:2020:277 . . . 691

Commission v. Spain , EU:C:2004:505 . . . 368 , 667 Commission v. Spain , EU:C:2005:588 . . . 444 , 463 Commission v. Spain , EU:C:2005:668 . . . 198 , 201 Commission v. Spain , EU:C:2008:428 . . . 653

Commission v. Spain , EU:C:2010:73 . . . 667

Commission v. Spain , EU:C:2010:99 . . . 667

Commission v. Spain , EU:C:2013:690 . . . 347

Commission v. Sweden , EU:C: 2002:281 . . . 295 , 306 , 427 Commission v. Sweden , EU:C:2003:371 . . . 427

Commission v. Sweden , EU:C:2019:1007 . . . 456

Commission v. Systran and Systran Luxembourg , EU:C:2012:714 . . . 309

Commission v. UK , EU:C:1994:233 . . . 474 , 486 Commission v. UK , EU:C:2000:426 . . . 448

Commission v. UK , EU:C:2007:338 . . . 485

Commission v. United Kingdom , EU:C:1982:258 . . . 640

Commission v. United Kingdom , EU:C:1985:155 . . . 168

Commissionnaires R é unies , EU:C:1978:87 . . . 188

Commission v. Netherlands , EU:C:1982:193 . . . 427

Compassion in World Farming , EU:C:1998:113 . . . 190

Constantin Film Verleih , EU:C:2020:542 . . . 357

Consten and Grundig v. Commission , EU:C:1966:41 = [1966] ECR 299 (347) . . . 543

Constructora Principado , EU:C:2014:10 . . . 311

Content Services , EU:C:2011:408 . . . 258 , 262 Continental Can v. Commission , EU:C:1973:22 = [1973] ECR 215 (244 sq.) . . . 533

Co ö peratieve Rabobank , EU:C:1997:610 . . . 215

Correia Moreira , EU:C:2019:499 . . . 164

Costa v. E.N.E.L. , EU:C:1964:34 . . . 161 , 170 , 174 , 264 , 317 , 575 , 597 , 632 , 652 Council v. Front Polisario , EU:C:2016:973 . . . 167

Council v. Parliament , EU:C:1986:291 . . . 456

Council v. Parliament , EU:C:1992:154 . . . 456

Council v. Parliament , EU:C:1995:431 . . . 456

Council v. Sharpston , EU:C:2020:700 . . . 162

Courage and Crehan , EU:C:2001:465 . . . 150 , 317 , 366 Crailsheimer Volksbank , EU:C:2005:640 . . . 143 , 553 Cresco Investigation , EU:C:2019:43 . . . 371

Czop , EU:C:2012:538 . . . . . 471

Da Costa , EU:C:1963:6 . . . 638

Daddy ’ s Dance Hall , EU:C:1988:72 . . . 642

Daihaitsu , EU:C:1997:581 . . . 269 , 574 DaimlerChrysler , EU:C:2001:682 . . . 190

Damols Inventar , EU:C:1985:331 . . . 254 , 474 , 642 Danfoss , EU:C:1989:383 . . . 366

Danosa , EU:C:2010:674 . . . 488

Dansk Denkavit and Poulsen Trading , EU:C:1992:152 . . . 449

Dansk Industri , EU:C:2016:278 . . . 345 – 347 , 355 , 374 , 449 , 465 Dansk Jurist , EU:C:2013:603 . . . 169 , 173 , 478 – 479 , 481 Dansk Metalarbejderforbund , EU:C:1985:61 . . . 485

Dansk Rorindustri , EU:C:2005:408 . . . 369

Danske Slageterier , EU:C:2009:178 . . . 365

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xx

Dassonville , EU:C:1974:82 . . . 128 , 176

Davidoff , EU:C:2009:422 . . . 331

De Geus v. Bosch , EU:C:1962:11 = [1962] ECR 45 (112) . . . 530 , 535 Deckmyn , EU:C:2014:2132 . . . 281 , 368 Defrenne II , EU:C:1976:56 . . . 134 , 438 , 458 , 461 , 489 Dekker , EU:C:1990:383 . . . 487

Del Cerro Alonso , EU:C:2007:509 . . . 486 , 490 Delena Wells , EU:C:2004:12 . . . 143 – 144 Delimitis v. Henninger Br ä u , EU:C:1991:9 . . . 542

Della Rocca , EU:C:2013:235 . . . 268 , 478 , 481 – 482 , 485 Dellas , EU:C:2005:728 . . . 480 , 485 Denkavit Italiana , EU:C:1980:100 . . . 289 , 449 , 464 Deutsche Telekom , EU:C:2000:73 . . . 485

Deutsche Tradax , EU:C:1971:24 . . . 197

DI , EU:C:2016:278 . . . 697 , 700 Dietz , EU:C:1996:395 . . . . . 449

Dietzinger , EU:C:1998:111 . . . 149

Digital Rights Ireland , EU:C:2014:238 . . . 173

Dilexport , EU:C:1999:59 . . . 464

Dillenkofer v. Germany , EU:C:1996:375 . . . 574

Distillerie Bonollo , EU:T:2015:248 . . . 457

Dittrich , EU:C:2012:771 . . . 494

Dominguez , EU:C:2012:33 . . . 346 , 373 – 374 , 483 , 489 Dorsch Consult , EU:C:1997:413 . . . 170

Douwe Egberts , EU:C:2004:445 . . . 109

Dowling , EU:C:2016:836 . . . 333

Dr. Tretter , EU:C:1993:264 . . . 197

Draehmpaehl , EU:C:1997:208 . . . 364 , 366 , 487 Du Pont de Nemours Italiana , EU:C:1990:121 . . . 189

Dziubak , EU:C:2019:819 . . . 701

Dzodzi , EU:C:1990:360 . . . 258 , 266 , 281 , 548 Eco Swiss , EU:C:1999:269 . . . 530

Egenberger , EU:C:2018:257 . . . 135 , 350 , 355 , 371 – 374 Egle , EU:C:1992:27 . . . . . . 265

EIS , EU:C:2020:384 . . . . . . 107

Ekro BV Vee- en Vleeshandel v. Produktschap voor Vee en Vlees , EU:C:1984:11 . . . . 168 , 317 El Corte Ingl é s , EU:C:1996:88 . . . 273 , 657 El Dridi , EU:C:2011:268 . . . 574

EMU Tabac , EU:C:1998:152 . . . 257

Endress , EU:C:2013:864 . . . 367 , 448 ERSTE Bank Hungary , EU:C:2015:637 . . . 366

Erzeugerorganisation Tiefk ü hlgem ü se , EU:C:2017:1011 . . . 464

Eschig , EU:C:2009:538 . . . . 324

Essent Nederland BV et al. , EU:2013:677 . . . 168

Essevi and Salengo , EU:C:1981:121 . . . 450

Est é e Lauder , EU:C:2000:8 . . . 190 , 223 , 308 Estonia v. Commission , EU:T:2017:217 . . . 439

ETI , EU:C:2007:775 . . . . . . 548

EUCST Isabel Mendes , EU:F:2013:35 . . . 325

European Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1990:217 . . . 179

List of Cases

Europemballage Corporation and Continental Can Company

v. Commission , EU:C:1973:22 . . . 174

Evangelischer Krankenhausverein Wien , EU:C:2000:110 . . . 444 , 447 , 458 , 461 EZ , EU:C:2009:660 . . . . . . . 186

Faccini Dori , EU:C:1994:292 . . . 125 , 143 , 345 , 353 , 399 , 576 , 638 , 670 Facebook Ireland and Schrems , EU:C:2020:559 . . . 454

Falco Privatstift ung , EU:C:2009:257 . . . 186

Farrell , EU:C:2017:745 . . . 353 – 354 FBTO Schadeverzekeringen , EU:C:2007:792 . . . 148

Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging , EU:C:2006:244 . . . 483

Federconsorzi , EU:C:2015:125 . . . 413

Ferlini , EU:C:2000:530 . . . . 134

Finalarte , EU:C:2001:564 . . . 114 , 490 Finans ó w , EU:C:2017:718 . . . 361 , 369

Finsider , EU:C:1985:358 . . . 192

Fisscher , EU:C:1994:353 . . . 449

Forposta and ABC Direct Contact , EU:C:2012:801 . . . 449 , 462 Foto Frost , EU:C:1987:452 . . . 175 , 553 , 562 France v. Commission , EU:C:1998:148 . . . 265

Francovich and Bonifaci v. Italy , EU:C:1991:428 . . . 170 , 173 , 177 , 374 , 439 , 489 Fratelli Constanzo Spa , EU:C:1989:256 . . . 408 , 416 , 419 , 433 Freiburger Kommunalbauten , EU:C:2004:209 . . . 296 – 297 , 304 , 553 , 635 Galatea , EU:C:2009:244, EU:C:2007:484 . . . 300

Garc í a Avello ; EU:C:2003:539 . . . 663

Gauweiler and others , EU:C:2015:400 . . . 175

GCEU Sharpston v. CJEU , EU:T:2020:474 . . . 162

GCEU Sharpston v. Council and Representatives of the Governments of the Member States , EU:T:2020:473 . . . 162

Geltl v. Daimler , EU:C:2012:397 . . . 514

Genil , EU:C:2013:344 . . . . . 127

Germany v. Commission , EU:C:2003:514 . . . 454

Germany v. Commission , EU:T:2011:166 . . . 454

Germany v. Council , EU:C:1994:367 . . . 192

Germany v. European Parliament and Council ( ‘ Tobacco Advertising ’ ) , EU:C:2000:544 . . . 147 , 200 , 338 Gharehveran , EU:C:2001:551 . . . 253

Giloy EU:C:1997:372 . . . 389 – 391 , 548 GIP , EU:C:2001:135 . . . . . . 109

GlaxoSmithKline , EU:C:2009:610 . . . 541

Gmurzynska-Bscher , EU:C:1990:386 . . . 548

Goldsmiths , EU:C:1997:339 . . . 462

G ó mez del Moral Guash , EU:C:2020:138 . . . 657

Gonzalez S á nchez , EU:C:2002:255 . . . 149

Good Luck Shipping , EU:T:2016:308 . . . 455

Grau Gomis , EU:C:1995:113 . . . 563

Griesmar , EU:C:2001:648 . . . 450 , 463 Grimaldi , EU:C:1989:646 . . . 154

Gr ø ngaard and Bang , EU:C:2005:708 . . . 524

Grootes , EU:C:2010:671 . . . 485

Grunkin and Paul , EU:C:2008:559 . . . 357

Intersentia List of Cases

xxii

Grzelczyk , EU:C:2001:458 . . . 446 , 462 Gut Springenheide and Tusky , EU:C:1998:369 . . . 190 Guti é rrez Naranjo , EU:C:2016:980 . . . 453 , 464 , 466 Haaga GmbH , EU:C:1974:116 . . . 244 , 271 Hansa Fleisch Ernst Mundt & Co. , EU:C:1992:423 . . . 409 Harz , EU:C:1984:155 . . . 408 , 421 , 638 Hassov á , EU:C:2013:692 . . . 348 Hein , EU:C:2018:1018 . . . 327 , 465 Heininger , EU:C:2001:68 . . . 262 , 445 , 553 , 578 Heinrich Heine , EU:C:2010:189 . . . 257 Heinrich Weiss et al. v. Bundesregierung, Bundestag und deutsche

Bundesbank , EU:C:2018:1000 . . . 560 Henke , EU:C:1996:382 . . . . 478 Hennigs , EU:C:2011:560 . . . 477 Herm è s International , EU:C:1998:292 . . . 387 Herst , EU:C:2020:295 . . . 327 , 465 HK Danmark , EU:C:2013:590 . . . 258 Hlozek , EU:C:2004:779 . . . 494 Hoechst , EU:C:1898:337 . . . 188 Hoff mann La Roche v. Centrafarm , EU:C:1977:89 . . . 289 H ö fner , EU:C:1991:161 . . . 536 Honyvem , EU:C:2006:199 . . . 269 Hubbard v. Hamburger , EU:C:1993:280 . . . 663 Humblet v. Belgium , EU:C:1960:48 . . . 172 , 174 H ü nermund, EU:C:1993:932 . . . . 108 Hypo Real Estate Holding AG , EU:C:2011:182 . . . 415 , 418 I.G.I Srl/Cicenia , EU:C: 2020:56 . . . 389 IATA , EU:C:2006:10 . . . 495 , 562 ICAP , EU:C:1979:90 . . . . . 289 ICI , EU:C:1998:370 . . . 203 – 204 Imofl oresmira-Investimentos Imobili á rios , EU:C:2018:134 . . . 327 Impact , EU:C:2008:223 . . . 269 , 371 , 374 , 486 Imperial Chemical Industries , EU:C:1998:370 . . . 390 – 391 , 572 Infopaq International , EU:C:2009:465 . . . 253 , 280 , 334 Institute of Professional Representatives before the European Patent

Offi ce v. Commission , EU:T:2001:105 . . . 194 Intel v Commission , EU:C:2017:632 . . . 541 Inter-Environnement Wallonie , EU:C:1997:628 . . . 346 , 409 – 411 , 417 , 430 , 352 , 576 Inter-Environnement Wallonie ASBL , EU:C:2012:103 . . . 465 Inter-Environnement Wallonie und Bond Beter Leefmilieu Vlaanderen ,

EU:C:2019:622 . . . . . . 465 Interfood , EU:C:1972:30 . . . 337 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v. Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle f ü r

Getreide und Futtermittel , EU:C:1970:114 . . . 176 Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and others , EU:C:2013:625 . . . 172 , 578 Invitel , EU:C:2012:242 . . . . 296 IR , EU:C:2018:696 . . . 372 – 373 Ireland v. Commission , EU:C:1987:546 . . . 337 Isbir , EU:C:2013:711 . . . . . 491 IT company for soft ware development , EU:C:2020:395 . . . 324

List of Cases

Italy , EU:C:1976:125 . . . . . 408 ITC , EU:C:2007:16 . . . . . . 485 Jacob , EU:C:2018:210 . . . . . 612 Jaeger , EU:C:2003:437 . . . 474 , 482 J ä mst ä lldhetsombudsmannen , EU:C:2000:173 . . . 481 Jany , EU:C:2001:616 . . . 255 , 258 Jauch , EU:C:2001:139 . . . . . 187 JC v. Kreissparkasse Saarlouis , EU:C:2020:242 . . . 367 Jenkins , EU:C:1981:80 . . . 489 Jeremy F. , EU:C:2013:358 . . . 582 , 605 – 606 Jetair , EU:C:2014:144 . . . 410 , 413 Jette Ring , EU:C:2013:222 . . . 480 Job Centre , EU:C:1997:603 . . . 536 Johnston , EU:C:1986:20 . . . 479 Jokela und Pitk ä ranta , EU:C:1998:497 . . . 689 J ø rgensen , EU:C:2000:191 . . . 481 J ő r ö s , EU:C:2013:340 . . . . . 364 Junk , EU:C:2005:59 . . . 255 , 258 , 292 , 474 , 477 – 478 , 484 Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v. Council

and Commission , EU:C:2008:461 . . . 164 , 456 Kalanke , EU:C:1995:322 . . . 479 Kalinchev , EU:C:2010:312 . . . 450 Kampelmann , EU:C:1997:585 . . . 489 Karen Mau , EU:C:2003:280 . . . 474 K á sler and K á slerne R á bai , EU:C:2014:282 . . . 370 – 371 , 373 – 374 Katsikas , EU:C:1992:517 . . . 492 Keck and Mithouard , EU:C:1993:905 . . . 108 , 128 , 176 Kempter , EU:C:2008:78 . . . 357 , 473 Kenny , EU:C:2013:122 . . . . 477 Kiiski , EU:C:2007:536 . . . 481 , 487 King , EU:C:2017:914 . . . . . 270 Kledingverkoopbedriif de Geus en Uitdenbogerd , EU:C:1962:11 . . . 205 Kleinwort Benson , EU:C:1995:85 . . . 403 , 548 Klohn , EU:C:2018:833 . . . . 364 K ö bler , EU:C:2003:513 . . . 177 , 574 Kolachi Raj Industrial , EU:C:2019:717 . . . 333 Kolpinghuis Nijmegen BV , EU:C:1987:431 . . . 371 , 408 – 409 , 421 , 430 , 672 K ö necke v. Balm , EU:C:1984:288 . . . 336 Koschniske , EU:C:1979:201 . . . 634 Kraaijeveld , EU:C:1996:404 . . . 258 , 346 Krqjowa Rada S ą downictwa , EU:C:2020:136 . . . 688 Krawczy ń ski , EU:C:2008:434 . . . 445 Kreuziger , EU:C:2018:872 . . . 483 , 492 Kristensen , EU:C:2013:590 . . . 485 Krohn , EU:C:1985:507 . . . 198 , 330 Kubicka , EU:C:2017:755 . . . 701 K ü c ü kdeveci , EU:C:2010:21 . . . 134 , 143 , 203 , 346 , 414 , 416 , 418 – 419 Kuhar , EU:C:2019:537 . . . . 366 K ü hne & Nagel , EU:C:2004:16 . . . 484 Kutz-Bauer , EU:C:2003:168 . . . 481 , 489

Intersentia List of Cases

xxiv

La Quadrature du Net , EU:C:2020:791 . . . 464 Lancry , EU:C:1994:315 . . . 449 , 454 Langnese-Iglo v. Commission , EU:T:1995:98 . . . 543 Laval , EU:C:2007:809 . . . 490 – 491 , 493 – 494 Lawrence , EU:C:2002:498 . . . 494 Lawrie Blum v. Land Baden-W ü rttemberg , EU:C:1986:284 . . . 168 , 487 LCL Le Cr é dit Lyonnais , EU:C:2014:190 . . . 373 Leclerc-Siplec , EU:C:1995:26 . . . 108 Leffl er , EU:C:2005:665 . . . 198 , 357 Legros , EU:C:1992:326 . . . 447 – 448 Leitner , EU:C:2002:163 . . . 271 Les Verts , EU:C:1986:166 . . . 184 Leur-Bloem , EU:C:1997:369 . . . 387 , 389 – 390 , 548 Levin , EU:C:1982:105 . . . 256 , 323 , 474 Lewark , EU:C:1996:33 . . . 494 Lewen , EU:C:1999:512 . . . 477 , 481 Lidl Italia , EU:C:2005:528 . . . 694 Linhart and Biffl , EU:C:2002:618 . . . 190 Link Logistik N&N , EU:C:2018:810 . . . 373 Lintner , EU:C:2020:188 . . . 367 LM , EU:C:2018:586 . . . . . . 689 Lomas , EU:C:1992:116 . . . . 461 Lommers , EU:C:2002:183 . . . 479 Lopes Da Silva Jorge , EU:C:2012:517 . . . 346 Lyttle , EU:C:2015:317 . . . . 270 M.A. and others , EU:C:2019:53 . . . 164 M.A.S. and M.B. , EU:C:2017:936 . . . 165 Macarthys , EU:C:1980:103 . . . 489 Mahamdia , EU:C:2012:491 . . . 482 Maieseries de Beauce , EU:C:1980:233 . . . 456 Maio Marques da Rosa , EU:C:2017:844 . . . 256 , 346 Manea , EU:C:2015:216 . . . 451 Manfredi , EU:C:2006:461 . . . 150 Mangold , EU:C:2005:709 . . . 120 , 132 , 134 , 142 – 143 , 203 , 413 – 414 , 494 , 553 Maniero , EU:C:2018:912 . . . 133 Mariusz Pawlak , EU:C:2019:260 . . . 350 , 361 , 369 , 676 , 698 , 700 Marleasing , EU:C:1990:395 . . . 347 , 355 , 358 , 373 , 408 , 430 , 638 , 644 , 657 Marra , EU:C:2008:579 . . . . 332 Mars , EU:C:1995:224 . . . . . 109 Marshall I , EU:C:1986:84 . . . 369 , 409 , 489 , 643 Martial Huet , EU:C:2012:133 . . . 474 , 478 Mary Carpenter , EU:C:2002:434 . . . 662 Masterfoods v. HB Ice Cream , EU:C:2000:689 . . . 542 Matra v. Commission , EU:C:1993:239 . . . 543 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , EU:C:2018:874 . . . 483 , 492 Mazzoleni , EU:C:2001:162 . . . 490 Mecklenburg , EU:C:1998:300 . . . 479 Meert s, EU:C:2009:645 . . . 563 Meilicke , EU:C:2007:132 . . . 445 , 449 Meister , EU:C:2012:217 . . . 365 , 477 , 492

List of Cases

Melki & Abdeli , EU:C:2010:363 . . . 582 , 610 – 611 Melli Bank v. Council , EU:T:2009:266 . . . 336 Merck v. Hauptzollamt Hamburg-Jonas , EU:C:1983:335 . . . 259 Messner , EU:C:2009:502 . . . 111 , 270 – 272 Metalsa , EU:C:1993:279 . . . 263 Metro v. Commission , EU:C:1977:167 . . . 543 Met-Trans and Sagpol , EU:C:2000:154 . . . 337 Meyhui , EU:C:1994:312 . . . 105 Miasto Ł owicz , EU:C:2020:234 . . . 692 Micheletti , EU:C:1992:295 . . . 253 Microsoft Mobile Sales International , EU:C:2016:717 . . . 449 Milch- , Fett- und Eierkontor , EU:C:1968:21 . . . 186 Ministerio Fiscal , EU:C:2020:495 . . . 317 Minsitero delle Finanze v. IN.CO.GE. ’ 90 , EU:C:1998:498 . . . 653 Mono Car Styling , EU:C:2009:466 . . . 345 , 365 , 369 Mostaza Claro , EU:C:2006:675 . . . 297 , 311 , 657 Moteurs Leroy Somer , EU:C:2009:351 . . . 149 Mund & Fester v. Hartrex , EU:C:1994:52 . . . 663 Murphy , EU:C:1988:62 . . . 152 , 201 , 209 – 210 , 350 N á dasdi and N é meth , EU:C:2006:652 . . . 445 , 451 Nelson , EU:C:2012:528 . . . 149 , 346 , 357 , 445 , 463 , 495 Nemzeti , EU:C:2015:225 . . . 346 Netherlands v. Commission , EU:C:2002:378 . . . 463 Nijman , EU:C:1989:153 . . . 408 , 421 Nikiforidis , EU:C:2016:774 . . . 253 , 265 Nimz , EU:C:1991:50 . . . 141 , 477 Nintendo , EU:C:2014:25 . . . 265 Nolan , EU:C:2012:638 . . . 380 , 403 Nold KG v. Commission , EU:C:1974:51 . . . 173 , 176 O ’ Brien , EU:C:2012:110 . . . 252 , 346 , 486 Ö BB-Personenverkehr , EU:C:2013:613 . . . 323 , 333 , 568 Oc é ano Grupo Editorial , EU:C:2000:346 . . . 295 – 296 , 302 , 306 , 553 , 576 , 638 , 657 Ognyanov , EU:C:2016:835 . . . 346 – 347 OMEGA , EU:C:2004:162 . . . 114 , 184 Opinion 1/09 , EU:C:2011:123 . . . 349 Opinion 1/91, EU:C:1991:490 . . . 263 Opinion 2/15, EU:C:2017:376 . . . 167 OPR-Finance , EU:C:2020:167 . . . 346 , 350 , 353 , 355 , 363 , 365 , 367 , 689 OPTUC , EU:T:2004:25 . . . 198 OSA , EU:C:2014:110 . . . . . 373 Othman , EU:T:2009:187 . . . 456 Oy Liikenne , EU:C:2001:59 . . . 480 Padawan , EU:C:2010:620 . . . 253 Pafi tis , EU:C:1996:92 . . . 260 , 264 Paletta v. Brennet , EU:C:1992:236 . . . 484 Pammer , EU:C:2010:740 . . . 324 Pannon GSM , EU:C:2009:350 . . . 296 , 355 , 698 Paquay , EU:C:2007:601 . . . 486 Parf ü merie-Fabrik 4711 , EU:C:1989:594 . . . 190 Parliament and Denmark v. Commission , EU:C:2008:176 . . . 333 , 462

Intersentia List of Cases

xxvi

Parliament v. Commission , EU:C:2008:176 . . . 333 Parliament v. Commission , EU:C:2016:183 . . . 456 Parliament v. Council and Commission , EU:C:2006:346 . . . 460 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1990:217 . . . 254 , 321 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1992:294 . . . 455 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1994:213 . . . 460 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1995:220 . . . 254 , 455 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1996:133 . . . 454 – 455 , 459 , 463 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1996:84 . . . 453 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1998:258 . . . 455 , 459 , 463 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1999:99 . . . 455 – 456 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:2001:689 . . . 456 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:2008:257 . . . 321 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:2008:605 . . . 444 , 455 – 456 , 460 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:2009:499 . . . 171 Parliament v. Council , EU:C:2012:525 . . . 456 Paul , EU:C:2004:606 . . . 574 – 575 Peek & Cloppenburg , EU:C:2008:232 . . . 488 Peter Brey , EU:C:2013:565 . . . 368 Pfeiff er , EU:C:2004:584 . . . 152 , 204 , 349 – 350 , 358 , 360 , 419 , 479 , 482 , 485 , 553 , 568 , 570 , 576 , 638 – 639 Pinna , EU:C:1986:1 . . . 444 , 453 – 454 Pohotovost ’ , EU:C:2019:665 . . . 369 , 371 , 373 Poland v. Parliament and Council , EU:C:2018:483 . . . 254 Poltorak , EU:C:2016:858 . . . 449 Polydor , EU:C:1982:43 . . . 263 Poplawski , EU:C:2019:530 . . . 346 P ö pperl , EU:C:2016:550 . . . 373 Portg á s , EU:C:2013:829 . . . 346 , 354 , 356 Portugaia Constru ç õ es , EU:C:2002:40 . . . 490 Portugal v. Commission , EU:C:1998:550 . . . 454 Postbank v. Commission , EU:T:1996:119 . . . 187 PPU LM , EU:C:2018:586 . . . 676 , 692 Praxair MRC , EU:C:2019:379 . . . 372 – 373 Prigge, EU:C:2011:573 . . . . . . . 477 Pringle , EU:C:2012:756 . . . 164 – 165 , 172 Produits de Ma ï s , EU:C:1985:8 . . . 443 , 461 Profi Credit Polska , EU:C:2019:930 . . . 355 Providence agricole de la champagne , EU:C:1980:232 . . . 456 – 457 Public Ministry v. Ratti , EU:C:1979:110 . . . 142 , 409 , 431 Pupino , EU:C:2005:386 . . . 346 , 361 , 570 , 639 Purrucker , EU:C:2010:437 . . . 266 Quelle , EU:C:2007:682 . . . 256 , 265 – 266 , 386 , 571 , 634 R O , EU:C:2018:733 . . . . . . 164 Rabobank v. Minderhoud , EU:C:1997:610 . . . 263 Racke , EU:C:1979:14 . . . . 325 Radgen , EU:C:2016:705 . . . 331 Radlinger , EU:C:2016:283 . . . 353 , 367 Raffi nerie Tirlemontoise , EU:C:2017:105 . . . 327

List of Cases

Ratti , EU:C:1979:110 . . . . . 125 Rauh , EU:C:1991:143 . . . . . 187 Rechberger , EU:C:1999:306 . . . 574 R ē dlihs , EU:C:2012:497 . . . 463 Regeling , EU:C:1998:358 . . . 474 R é gie Networks , EU:C:2008:764 . . . 456 – 457 , 461 R é gion Nord-Pas-de-Calais v. Commission , EU:T:2011:209 . . . 332 Reindl , EU:C:2014:2370 . . . 366 Remia v. Commission , EU:C:1985:327 . . . 543 Representatives of the Governments of the Member States v. Sharpston ,

EU:C:2020:705 . . . . . . 162 REWE v. Bundesmonopolverwaltung f ü r Branntwein , EU:C:1979:42

( Cassis de Dijon ) . . . 100 , 105 , 176 Rewe-Zentralfi nanz , EU:C:1976:188 . . . 364 RGD 1989, 745 . . . 663 Rheinm ü hlen D ü sseldorf , EU:C:1974:3 . . . 289 Richardson , C:EU:1995:342 . . . 445 , 448 Rieser Internationale Transporte , EU:C:2003:265 . . . 411 , 431 , 489 Robinson-Steele , EU:C:2006:177 . . . 483 Rockfon , EU:C:1995:420 . . . 258 , 481 Roders , EU:C:1995:261 . . . 446 , 449 Romano , EU:C:2019:701 . . . 346 – 347 , 372 – 373 Romeo , EU:C:2013:718 . . . 403 Roquette , EU:C:1980:249 . . . 254 Roquettes Fr è res v. Hauptzollamt Geldern , EU:C:1994:168 . . . 456 , 461 Rosenbladt , EU:C:2010:601; H ö rnfeldt , EU:C:2012:421 . . . 494 Royal Copenhagen , EU:C:1995:155 . . . 477 RPO , EU:C:2017:174 . . . 676 , 688 Ruckdeschel , EU:C:1977:160 . . . 199 R ü ff ert , EU:C:2008:189 . . . 486 , 491 Ruhrlandklinik , EU:C:2016:883 . . . 253 , 346 Russische F ö deration , EU:C:2020:262 . . . 331 Rust-Hackner , EU:C:2019:1123 . . . 366 – 367 RWE Vertrieb , EU:C:2013:180 . . . 357 Saarland v. Minister for Industry , EU:C:1988:439 . . . 169 Sab è l , EU:C:1997:528 . . . . . 256 S ä hk ö alojen , EU:C:2015:86 . . . 491 S á nchez Morcillo & Abril Garc í a , EU:C:2014:2099 . . . 668 Sat.1 , EU:C:2004:532 . . . . . 107 SC Paper Consult , EU:C:2017:775 . . . 448 Scattolon , EU:C:2011:542 . . . 486 Schecke v. Hessen , EU:C:2010:662 . . . 338 Schmeink & Cofreth and Strobel , EU:C:2000:469 . . . 337 Schmidberger , EU:C:2003:333 . . . 114 Schmidt , EU:C:1994:134 . . . 473 Schneider Electric v. Commission , EU:T:2002:255 . . . 533 Sch ö ller v. Commission , EU:T:1995:99 . . . 543 Schrems , EU:C:2015:650 . . . 171 , 562 Schuch-Ghannadan , EU:C:2019:828 . . . 327 , 463 Schulte , EU:C:2005:637 . . . 143 , 262 , 269 , 273 , 278 , 639

Intersentia List of Cases

xxviii

Schultz-Hoff , EU:C:2009:18 . . . 480 , 483 Sena , EU:C:2003:68 . . . . . 330 Sharpston v. Council and Representatives of the Governments

of the Member States , EU:T-550/20 R . . . 162 Siemens v. Nold , EU:C:1996:444 . . . 268 – 269 Sievers , EU:C:2000:76 . . . 458 Silos e Mangimi Martini , EU:C:2001:599 . . . 444 , 453 Simap , EU:C:2000:528 . . . 482 , 485 Simitzi , EU:C:1995:281 . . . 457 , 459 Simmenthal II , EU:C:1978:49 . . . 174 , 176 , 209 , 597 , 652 Siragusa , EU:C:2014:126 . . . 176 Skanska , EU:C:2017:204 . . . 537 Skopje Link Logistic , EU:C:2018:810 . . . 371 Skov and Bilka , EU:C:2006:6 . . . 112 , 299 , 463 Smith , EU:C:2018:631 . . . . 353 SMW Winzersekt , EU:C:1994:407 . . . 192 Solar Electric Martinique , EU:C:2017:773 . . . 389 Solvay , EU:C:2012:445 . . . . 337 Somoza Hermo , EU:C:2018:559 . . . 259 Spain v. Commission , EU:C:1995:201 . . . 187 Spain v. Commission , EU:C:1999:109 . . . 197 Spain v. Council , EU:C:2006:521 . . . 454 Specht , EU:C:2014:2005 . . . 373 – 374 Spedition Welter , EU:C:2013:650 . . . 265 , 345 , 362 , 373 Spijkers , EU:C:1986:127 . . . 484 Stadeco , EU:C:2009:380 . . . 337 Stadt Wuppertal v. Bauer , EU:C:2018:871 . . . 345 , 353 – 355 , 374 Starjakob , EU:C:2015:38 . . . 439 Stauder v. Stadt Ulm , EU:C:1969:57 . . . 132 , 174 , 176 Stichting Natuur en Milieu , EU:C:2011:348 . . . 412 Stichting Zuid Hollandse Milieufederatie , EU:C:2006:577 . . . 415 Stradasfalti , EU:C:2006:578 . . . 448 Sturgeon , EU:C:2008:657 . . . 148 , 187 , 260 , 331 , 357 , 440 Subdelegaci ó n del Gobierno en Toledo , EU:C:2020:807 . . . 354 S ü r ü l , EU:C:1999:228 . . . 447 , 461 S ü zen , EU:C:1997:141 . . . . 473 Ten Oever , EU:C:1993:833 . . . 445 Tessili , EU:C:1976:133 . . . . 253 Test-Achats , EU:C:2011:100 . . . 120 , 128 , 133 , 148 Tetra Laval v. Commission , EU:T:2002:264 . . . 533 Tetra Pak , EU:T:1990:41 . . . 194 Th yssenKrupp Nirosta v. Commission , EU:C:2011:191 . . . 336 Timex , EU:C:1985:119 . . . . 457 T-Mobile Netherlands , EU:C:2009:343 . . . 541 Toshiba , EU:C:2001:566 . . . 260 Transportes Urbanos , EU:C:2010:39 . . . 654 Travel Vac , EU:C:1999:197 . . . 266 , 269 TSN , EU:C:2019:981 . . . . . 476 T ü mer , EU:C:2014:2337 . . . 346 UK v. Commission , EU:C:1998:218 . . . 454

List of Cases

UK v. Council , EU:C:1996:431 . . . 495 Unilever , EU:C:1999:30 . . . 190 Unilever , EU:C:2000:496 . . . 419 Uni ó n de Peque ñ os Agricultores , EU:C:2002:462 . . . 174 Union Fran ç aise de C é r é ales , EU:C:1978:154 . . . 198 Uniplex (UK) , EU:C:2010:45 . . . 639 UNIS , EU:C:2015:821 . . . 437 , 446 , 452 , 461 United Kingdom v. Council , EU:C:1988:85 . . . 140 , 169 UsedSoft , EU:C:2012:407 . . . 253 , 259 VALE , EU:C:2012:440 . . . 129 , 364 Van Dalfsen v. Van Loon , EU:C:1991:379 . . . 333 Van den Bergh Foods v. Commission , EU:T:2003:281 . . . 543 – 544 van der Vecht , EU:C:1967:49 . . . 634 van Dijk ’ s Boekhuis , EU:C:1985:195 . . . 252 van Duyn , EU:C:1974:133 . . . 142 van Gend en Loos v. Administratie der Belastingen , EU:C:1963:1 . . . 123 , 161 , 171 ,

174 , 253 , 634 Van Gend en Loos , EU:C:26:62 . . . 124 van Landschoot , EU:C:1988:342 . . . 457 van Munster , EU:C:1994:359 . . . 204 , 209 Vanacker and Lesage , EU:C:1993:836 . . . 190 Veedfald , EU:C:2001:258 . . . 253 , 292 , 299 Verbraucherzentrale Berlin , EU:C:2018:642 . . . 346 VG Wort , EU:C:2013:426 Adeneler , EU:C:2006:443 . . . 266 , 422 – 423 Viking Line , EU:C:2007:772 . . . 114 , 131 , 480 , 491 , 493 Vlassopoulou v. Ministerium f ü r Justiz, Bundes- und

Europaangelegenheiten Baden-W ü rttemberg , EU:C:1991:193 . . . 176 Vnuk , EU:C:2014:2146 . . . . 696 Volker and Markus Schecke and Eifert v. Land Hessen , EU:C:2010:662 . . . 175 Volvo Car , EU:C:2010:647 . . . 257 , 265 – 266 , 278 von Colson and Kamann , EU:C:1984:153 . . . 136 , 141 , 345 , 353 , 358 , 408 , 421 , 430 , 638 – 639 VTB-VAB , EU:C:2009:244 . . . 368 Wachauf , EU:C:1989:321 . . . 192 Wagner Miret , EU:C:1993:945 . . . 252 , 358 Walbusch Walter Busch , EU:C:2019:47 . . . 367 Walt Wilhelm v. Bundeskartellamt , EU:C:1969:4 . . . 542 , 545 Wathelet , EU:C:2016:840 . . . 346 WB , EU:C:2019:444 . . . . . . 701 Webb v. EMO Air Cargo , EU:C:1994:300 . . . 645 Weber and Putz , EU:C:2011:396 . . . 387 Weiss and others , EU:C:2018:1000 . . . 178 Wendelboe , EU:1985:54 . . . 257 , 642 Werhof , EU:C:2006:168 . . . 187 , 193 , 476 , 493 , 495 Western Sahara Campaign UK , EU:C:2018:118 . . . 167 Wightman and others , EU:C:2018:999 . . . 164 – 165 Wilson , EU:C:2006:587 . . . 689 Winner Wetten , EU:C:2010:503 . . . 464 Wippel , EU:C:2004:607 . . . 494 Wolff & M ü ller , EU:C:2004:610 . . . 491

Intersentia List of Cases

xxx

Worringham , EU:C:1981:63 . . . 443 Worringham , EU:C:1981:63 . . . 489 Wouters , EU:C:2002:98 . . . 537 Wroc ł aw , EU:C:2015:635 . . . 463 Zentralbetriebsrat der Landeskrankenh ä user Tirols , EU:C:2010:215 . . . 478 , 483 Zentrale zur Bek ä mpfung unlauteren Wettbewerbs e. V. , EU:C:2010:12 . . . 300 Ziegler v. Commission , EU:C:2013:513 . . . 153

ADVOCATE GENERAL

AG Bobek, Nelsons GmbH , EU:C:2016:474 . . . 333 AG Bot, Å lands Vindkraft , EU:C:2014:37 . . . 456 AG Cosmas, Mosb æ k , EU:C:1997:266 . . . 485 AG Damon, Dzodzi , EU:C:1990:274 . . . 388 AG Geelhoed, Rinke , EU:C:2003:77 . . . 481 AG J ä ä skinen, Belgium v. Deutsche Post , EU:C:2010:726 . . . 450 AG J ä ä skinen, UNIS , EU:C:2015:191 . . . 452 AG Jacobs, Albany , EU:C:1999:28 . . . 487 AG Jacobs, BIAO , EU:C:2001:608 . . . 403 AG Jacobs, Pavel , EU:C:2000:151 . . . 485 AG Jacobs, Richards , EU:C:2005:787 . . . 451 AG Kokott, British Airways v. Commission , EU:C:2006:133 . . . 534 AG Kokott, Casteels , EU:C:2010:675 . . . 463 AG Kokott, Commission v. Council , EU:C:2009:249 . . . 456 AG Kokott, Commission v. Greece , EU:C:2007:97 . . . 451 AG Kokott, Solvay v. Commission , EU:C:2011:256 . . . 95 AG Kokott, Wippel , EU:C:2004:308 . . . 485 AG Kokott, X Denmark , EU:C:2018:146 . . . 333 AG L é ger, Parliament v. Council , EU:C:1995:88 . . . 455 AG L é ger, Schulte , EU:C:2004:568 . . . 357 AG Lenz, FRAGD , EU:C:1985:90 = [1985] ECR 1605 (1611) . . . 461 AG Maduro, Viking Line , EU:C:2007:292 . . . 113 AG Mengozzi, Meister , EU:C:2012:8 . . . 481 AG Saggio, Simap , EU:C:1999:621 . . . 482 AG Saugmandsgaard Ø e, Sahyouni, EU:C:2017:686 . . . 333 AG Sharpston, Commission v. Greece , EU:C:2017:746 . . . 95 AG Sharpston, N á dasdi , EU:C:2006:477 . . . 463 AG Sharpston, Stradasfalti , EU:C:2006:425 . . . 448 AG Slynn, Commission v. Belgium , EU:C:1987:367 . . . 444 AG Stix-Hackl, Banca Popolare di Cremona , EU:C:2005:183 . . . 450 , 461 AG Stix-Hackl, Meilicke , EU:C:2005:676 . . . 447 AG Tizzano, Mangold , EU:C:2005:420 . . . 422 AG Tizzano, Meilicke , EU:C:2005:676 . . . 461 AG Trstenjak, Internationaler Hilfsfonds v. Commission , EU:C:2007:191 . . . 326 AG van Gerven, Barber , EU:C:1990:34 . . . 485

List of Cases

NATIONAL FRANCE

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