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To approach or to avoid : neurobiological mechanisms in social anxiety Peer, J.M. van

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(1)To approach or to avoid : neurobiological mechanisms in social anxiety Peer, J.M. van. Citation Peer, J. M. van. (2009, December 8). To approach or to avoid : neurobiological mechanisms in social anxiety. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14486 Version:. Not Applicable (or Unknown). License:. Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded from:. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14486. Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable)..

(2) Chapter8 GeneralDiscussion.

(3) Chapter8. Š‡ ƒ‹ ‘ˆ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹• ™ƒ• –‘ ‰ƒ‹ ‘”‡ ‹•‹‰Š– ‹ –Š‡ ’•› Š‘„‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‡ Šƒ‹•• —†‡”Ž›‹‰ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ˆ‡ƒ” ƒ† ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹ Š—ƒ•Ǥ Chapter 1 †‡• ”‹„‡† –Šƒ– ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ›’Žƒ›ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡‹•‘ ‹ƒŽƒš‹‡–›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ •–—†‹‡• ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ‡—”‘„‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ƒ•’‡ –• ‘ˆ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ –‡†‡ ‹‡•‹™‡”‡Žƒ”‰‡Ž›Žƒ ‹‰Ǥ

(4) ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ•ƒ‹ƒŽ•–—†‹‡••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž ’Žƒ›• ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ”‘Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ Ž‹––Ž‡ ™ƒ• ‘™ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ –Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹ Š—ƒ•ǡ‘”‡˜‡ƒ„‘—–‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••‹‰‘ˆ–Š”‡ƒ–ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡ ƒ‹ ‘ˆ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹• ™ƒ• –‘ ‰ƒ‹ ‘”‡ ‹•‹‰Š– ‹ –Š‡ „”ƒ‹ ’”‘ ‡••‡• —†‡”Ž›‹‰ –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ† ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹ Š‹‰Š •‘ ‹ƒŽŽ› ƒš‹‘—• ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ† –‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡Š‘™–Š‡•‡’”‘ ‡••‡•ƒ”‡ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†„› ‘”–‹•‘ŽǤ

(5)  –Š‹• ˆ‹ƒŽ Šƒ’–‡”ǡ

(6)  ™‹ŽŽ ˆ‹”•– ’”‡•‡– ƒ •—ƒ”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–—†‹‡• †‡• ”‹„‡† ‹ Chapters 2 –‘ 7 ‘ˆ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹•ǡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† „› ƒ ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‹ ˆ‹†‹‰• ƒ† ƒ †‹• —••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‡‰–Š•ƒ†Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡•–—†‹‡•ǤŠ‡ Šƒ’–‡” ‘ Ž—†‡•™‹–Š •—‰‰‡•–‹‘•ˆ‘”ˆ—–—”‡”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ†‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘” Ž‹‹ ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹ ‡Ǥ. Overviewoffindings 

(7) Chapter2ǡ–Š‡’”‡†‹ –‹‘•™‡”‡–‡•–‡†–Šƒ–‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹œ‡†„›Š‹‰ŠŽ‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ‹Š‹„‹–‹‘•Š‘™’”‡ˆ‡”‡–‹ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••‹‰‘ˆƒ†•–”‘‰‡”ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡–‡†‡ ‹‡• –‘™ƒ”†••‘ ‹ƒŽ–Š”‡ƒ– —‡•ǡƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡•‡’”‘ ‡••‡•ƒ”‡ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡†„› ‘”–‹•‘ŽǤŠ‹•™ƒ• ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡† „› ‡ƒ•—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ƒ •ƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ ’”‡Ǧ •‡Ž‡ –‡† Š‹‰Š ƒ† Ž‘™ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽŽ› ‹Š‹„‹–‡†Ȁƒš‹‘—• •–—†‡–•ǡ —•‹‰ ƒ ’Žƒ ‡„‘ ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† ™‹–Š‹Ǧ•—„Œ‡ – †‡•‹‰Ǥ ˜‡”– ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ƒ† ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ”‡•’‘•‡• ™‡”‡ ƒ••‡••‡† ‹ ”‡ƒ –‹‘ –‘ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ƒ† –Š”‡ƒ–‡‹‰ •‘ ‹ƒŽ •–‹—Ž‹ ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ Šƒ’’› ƒ† ƒ‰”› ˆƒ ‡•Ȍ—•‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ –‹‘–‹‡ƒˆˆ‡ –Ǧ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘–ƒ•ȋ–Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠȂƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ȋǦȌ–ƒ•ǡ ‘––‡˜‡‡Ž Ƭ Šƒˆǡ ʹͲͲͶȌǡ ƒ† –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ™ƒ• ‡ƒ•—”‡† „› ”‡ ‘”†‹‰ ‡˜‡–Ǧ ”‡Žƒ–‡†’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ•ȋ•Ȍ†—”‹‰–ƒ•’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›•Š‘™‡†–Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† –Š‡  ‘‰”—‡ › ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ ˆƒ•–‡”ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠȌǡ‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”–‘™ƒ”†•ƒ‰”›ˆƒ ‡•ǡ‹Š‹‰Š„—– ‘– Ž‘™ –”ƒ‹– ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ– •–—†‡–•Ǥ • ”‡ƒ –‹‘ –‹‡• ˆ‘” ‹ ‘‰”—‡– ”‡•’‘•‡•ǡ •— Š ƒ• ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‹‰ƒƒ‰”›ˆƒ ‡ǡ”‡ˆŽ‡ ––Š‡ ‘•–•‘ˆ‹Š‹„‹–‹‰ƒ‹–—‹–‹˜‡”‡•’‘•‡–‡†‡ › ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† –Š‡ ƒ‰”› ˆƒ ‡Ȍ ‹ ˆƒ˜‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹•–”— –‡† ”‡•’‘•‡ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‘‡Ž‘ˆ• ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ͳͶ͸.

(8) GeneralDiscussion. ʹͲͲͻ„Ȍǡ–Š‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‘‰”—‡ ›‡ˆˆ‡ –ˆ‘”ƒ‰”›ˆƒ ‡•‹• ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Šƒ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† –‡†‡ › –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† –Š”‡ƒ–Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ –Š‡  ”‡•—Ž–• •Š‘™‡† ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ •‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ǡ ƒ‰ƒ‹ ‘Ž› ‹ Š‹‰Š –”ƒ‹– ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ– ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•Ǥ

(9)  –Š‡•‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•ǡ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ”‡•—Ž–‡† ‹ ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‡Šƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ ƒ‰”› ˆƒ ‡• †—”‹‰ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ ƒ• ”‡ˆŽ‡ –‡† „› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†‡ƒ”Ž›ȋͳͷͲȌƒ†Žƒ–‡”ȋ͵Ȍ‹†Ž‹‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ’Ž‹–—†‡•Ǥ

(10) Ž‹‡™‹–Š‘—” ’”‡†‹ –‹‘•ǡ–Š‡•‡ˆ‹†‹‰••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Žƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘”‡•—Ž–•‹ƒˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ† ƒ†ƒ’–‹˜‡ ”‡•’‘•‡• –‘ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ› •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– –Š”‡ƒ– •–‹—Ž‹ǡ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›‹‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡Š‹‰ŠŽ›•‡•‹–‹˜‡–‘•— Š–Š”‡ƒ– —‡•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‹ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–—†› ’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ Chapter 3 ™ƒ• –‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‡†‘‰‡‘—• ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• ‘ ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠǦƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ ”‹‡” ‘ ‹ƒŽ –”‡•• ‡•– ȋ‹”• Š„ƒ— ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ͳͻͻ͵Ȍ ™ƒ• ƒ†‹‹•–‡”‡† –‘  ’ƒ–‹‡–•ǡ ƒ† ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‘ –Š‡ Ǧ–ƒ• ‹ –Š‹• ’•› Š‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ •–”‡•• ‘†‹–‹‘ ™ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ —•‹‰ ƒ ™‹–Š‹Ǧ•—„Œ‡ – †‡•‹‰Ǥ Š‡ ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ Š›’‡” ‘”–‹•‘Ž‹• ‹ –Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž‹‰ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ˆ‡ƒ” ƒ† ˆ‡ƒ” „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹  ™ƒ• ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡† „› †‹”‡ –Ž› ”‡Žƒ–‹‰•–”‡••Ǧ‹†— ‡† ‘”–‹•‘Ž”‡•’‘•‡•–‘‘˜‡”–ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡”‡•’‘•‡•–‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ–Š”‡ƒ– —‡•Ǥ  •ƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ– Š‡† Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• ƒ† ƒ •ƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š ‘•–Ǧ ”ƒ—ƒ–‹  –”‡•• ‹•‘”†‡” ȋȌ ™‡”‡  ‹ Ž—†‡† ƒ• ‘–”‘Ž ‰”‘—’• –‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –•Ǥ Š‹• •–—†› •Š‘™‡† –Š”‡‡ ƒŒ‘” ˆ‹†‹‰•ǣ ‹”•–ǡ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š  Šƒ† Žƒ”‰‡” ‘”–‹•‘Ž ”‡•’‘•‡• –‘ –Š‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ •–”‡•• –‡•– ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ƒ†  ‘–”‘Ž’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•Ǥ‡ ‘†ǡ•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡••‡Ž‹ ‹–‡†‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡–‡†‡ ‹‡• –‘™ƒ”†• •‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ– •–‹—Ž‹ ‹ ǡ „—– ‘– ‹  ’ƒ–‹‡–• ƒ† Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ‘–”‘Ž•Ǥ Š‹”†ǡ–Š‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‘”–‹•‘Ž”‡•’‘•‡•‹–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡•• ‘†‹–‹‘™‡”‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› ‘””‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• ™‹–Š ǡ ‘˜‡” ƒ†ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ„Ž‘‘†’”‡••—”‡ƒ†•—„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ƒš‹‡–›ǤŠ‡•‡ˆ‹†‹‰•’”‘˜‹†‡ ‡˜‹†‡ ‡ ˆ‘” ƒ †‹”‡ – Ž‹ „‡–™‡‡ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‘”–‹•‘Ž •–”‡••Ǧ”‡•’‘•‹˜‡‡•• ƒ† •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–ŠǤ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡•–—†›‹Chapter3ǡ–Š‡•–—†›’”‡•‡–‡†‹Chapter4™ƒ• ‘†— –‡† –‘ ‘”‡ Ž‘•‡Ž› ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒ—•ƒŽ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Žǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡ ‡—”ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‡• ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ –Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ˆ‡ƒ” „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹ Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ™ƒ• —•‡† ƒ• ‹ Chapter 2ǡ –‘ –‡•– ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ˆ‘” –Š‡ Š‹‰Šƒš‹‘—••–—†‡–•‹–Šƒ–•–—†›™‘—Ž†‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œ‡–‘ƒ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‹–Š‹••–—†›–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Žƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠǦƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ† ͳͶ͹.

(11) Chapter8. –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ™‡”‡ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡† ‹ ƒ •‡ ‘† •ƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ —‡†‹ ƒ–‡† ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š ǡ—•‹‰ƒ’Žƒ ‡„‘Ǧ ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š‹Ǧ•—„Œ‡ –†‡•‹‰ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–••Š‘™‡†ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽƒš‹‡–›ƒ†•Ž‘™‹‰‘ˆƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‘˜‡‡–•–‘ ƒ‰”› ˆƒ ‡•ǡ ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† –‡†‡ › –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† –Š”‡ƒ– ‹ ‘”‡ ƒš‹‘—• ’ƒ–‹‡–•Ǥ

(12)  ‘–”ƒ•– –‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ‘ˆ Chapters 2 ƒ† 3ǡ ™‡ †‹† ‘– ˆ‹† •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹–Š‹••–—†›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒ†‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒƒŽ›•‡• †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž „› •‘ ‹ƒŽƒš‹‡–›‘‡ƒ”Ž›’”‘ ‡••‹‰‘ˆ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽˆƒ ‡•ǣ‘”–‹•‘Žƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘”‡•—Ž–‡†‹ ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ˆƒ ‡• †—”‹‰ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šˆ‘”’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰ŠŽ‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽƒš‹‡–›ǡƒ•”‡ˆŽ‡ –‡†„›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†‹†Ž‹‡ ͳͷͲ ƒ’Ž‹–—†‡•Ǥ Š‹• ‡ˆˆ‡ – ™ƒ• ‘Ž› •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ˆ‘” ƒ‰”› ˆƒ ‡•ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ‹– †‹† ‘– †‹ˆˆ‡”•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›ˆ‘”Šƒ’’›ˆƒ ‡•ǤŠ‡•‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒ”‡Žƒ”‰‡Ž›‹Ž‹‡™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ Chapter2ǡƒ†•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡‡ Šƒ‹•‘ˆ‡ƒ”Ž›–Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰™Š‹ Š‹•‡Šƒ ‡† „› ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‹ Š‹‰Š –”ƒ‹– ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ– Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• ‹• •‹‹Žƒ”Ž› ƒˆˆ‡ –‡† ‹ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Šƒ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ†‹ƒ‰‘•‹•‘ˆǤ

(13) ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡•‡ˆ‹†‹‰••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡Ž‹„‡–™‡‡ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‘”–‹•‘Ž•–”‡••Ǧ”‡•’‘•‹˜‡‡••ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Š ƒ•ˆ‘—†‹Chapter3ƒ›„‡‡†‹ƒ–‡†„› ƒ—•ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘‡ƒ”Ž›–Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰Ǥ

(14)  Chapter 5 –Š‡ Š›’‘–Š‡•‹• ™ƒ• –‡•–‡† –Šƒ– ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š  •Š‘™ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‡ƒ”Ž› ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ ƒ‰”› ˆƒ ‡• ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‹• ‹• ”‡“—‹”‡† ˆ‘” –ƒ• ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ǡƒ†‡˜‡—†‡” ‘†‹–‹‘•‘ˆ”‡•–”‹ –‡†•–‹—Ž—•ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ ƒ•‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘ŽŠƒ˜‡„‡‡•Š‘™–‘„‡ ‘–‡š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡–ǡ

(15) ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡ ‘”–‹•‘ŽǦ‹†— ‡† ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• ‹ –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ǡ ƒ• ˆ‘—† ‹ ’”‡˜‹‘—• Šƒ’–‡”•ǡ ƒ”‡ ‘–‹‰‡– ‘ –Š‡ •–‹—Ž‹ „‡‹‰ –ƒ•Ǧ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–Ǥ

(16)  –Š‹• •–—†›ǡ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘  ƒ† • ™‡”‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡† ‹ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š  †—”‹‰ ‘Ž‘”Ǧ ƒ‹‰‘ˆƒ•‡†ƒ†—ƒ•‡†‡‘–‹‘ƒŽˆƒ ‡•‹ƒ‘†‹ˆ‹‡†‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ–”‘‘’–ƒ•ǡ —•‹‰ƒ’Žƒ ‡„‘Ǧ ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š‹Ǧ•—„Œ‡ –†‡•‹‰ǤŠ‹••–—†›•Š‘™‡†–™‘ƒŒ‘”ˆ‹†‹‰•ǣ ‹”•–ǡ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–••Š‘™‡†ƒ‡ƒ”Ž›’”‘ ‡••‹‰„‹ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ•‡†ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•—ƒ•‡† •‘ ‹ƒŽ–Š”‡ƒ–•–‹—Ž‹ǡ”‡ˆŽ‡ –‡†„›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†ʹƒ’Ž‹–—†‡•ˆ‘”ƒ‰”›ˆƒ ‡•‹–Š‡’Žƒ ‡„‘ ‘†‹–‹‘Ǥ‡ ‘†ǡ–Š‹•‡ƒ”Ž›–Š”‡ƒ–„‹ƒ••‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡†ȋƒ††‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†Ȍƒˆ–‡” ‘”–‹•‘Žƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ƒ•‡†–ƒ•ǡƒ†–Š‹• ‘”–‹•‘ŽǦ‹†— ‡††‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ™ƒ• •–”‘‰‡” ˆ‘” ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š‡” Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–›Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‡˜‹†‡ ‡ –Šƒ–ǡ ‹ Ž‹‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‡†‹ –‹‘•ǡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ– •–‹—Ž‹ ͳͶͺ.

(17) GeneralDiscussion. ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ› ƒ––”ƒ – ‘”‡ ƒ––‡–‹‘ ‹ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š  ƒ– ˜‡”› ‡ƒ”Ž› •–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰Ǥ Š‡› ˆ—”–Š‡” •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡• –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ– •–‹—Ž‹ ™Š‡ –Š‡› ƒ”‡ –ƒ•Ǧ‹””‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ƒ† ’”‡•‡–‡†—†‡” ‘†‹–‹‘•‘ˆ”‡•–”‹ –‡†ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•‹ ‘–”ƒ•––‘–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ™Š‡ •–‹—Ž—• ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‡š’Ž‹ ‹– ƒ† ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘˜‡”–ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡”‡•’‘•‡•ǡƒ•†‡• ”‹„‡†‹Chapter2ƒ†4Ǥ

(18) ™‹ŽŽˆ—”–Š‡” †‹• —•• –Š‡ ‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ™‹–Š ”‡•’‡ – –‘ –Š‡ ‘–‡š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡ › ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‡ˆˆ‡ –•‹ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Š„‡Ž‘™Ǥ

(19)  Chapter 6 ƒ ‘”‡ –Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽǦ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‹••—‡ ™ƒ• ‡š’Ž‘”‡†ǡ ƒ‡Ž› –‘ ™Š‹ Š‡š–‡––Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠǦƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǡƒ•‡ƒ•—”‡†‹’”‡˜‹‘—• Šƒ’–‡”•ǡ†‡’‡† ‘–Š‡ƒ –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•‘”ƒ›„‡‡†‹ƒ–‡†„›ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ– ƒ† –Š‡ •–‹—Ž—•Ǥ

(20)  ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆˆ‘—” ”‡ƒ –‹‘ –‹‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–• ‹ Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ƒŽ‡ ƒ† ˆ‡ƒŽ‡ •–—†‡–•ǡ

(21)  –‡•–‡† –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ •–‹—Ž—• ‘˜‡‡–• ‘ –Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Šƒ’’› ƒ† ƒ‰”› ˆƒ ‡ •–‹—Ž‹Ǥ

(22) – ™ƒ• ’”‡†‹ –‡† –Šƒ– Šƒ‰‡• ‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ †—‡ –‘ •–‹—Ž—• ‘˜‡‡– ™‘—Ž† ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ƒˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‹ƒ•‹‹Žƒ”™ƒ›ƒ•–Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡‘˜‡‡–•‡š‡ —–‡†„›–Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ– ‹ –Š‡ Ǧ–ƒ•Ǥ

(23)  Ž‹‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡•‡ ’”‡†‹ –‹‘•ǡ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–• •Š‘™‡† ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ˆƒ ‡• ™Š‡ •–‹—Ž—•‘˜‡‡–™ƒ• ‘‰”—‡–™‹–Š•–‹—Ž—•‡‘–‹‘ǡ”‡•—Ž–‹‰‹ˆƒ•–‡”ƒ†‘”‡ ‘””‡ – ”‡•’‘•‡• –‘ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‹‰ Šƒ’’› ƒ† ™‹–Š†”ƒ™‹‰ ƒ‰”› ˆƒ ‡• ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ‰”› ƒ† ™‹–Š†”ƒ™‹‰ Šƒ’’› ˆƒ ‡•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡‹†‡‡†’Žƒ›•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡‹ ‘‰”—‡ ›‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǡƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡•‡‡ˆˆ‡ –• †‘‘–†‡’‡†‘–Š‡‡š‡ —–‹‘‘ˆ‘˜‡‡–•„›–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ‹ Chapter 7 –Š‡ ’”‡†‹ –‹‘ ™ƒ• –‡•–‡† –Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡•Ž‘™ȋ†‡Ž–ƒ‘”–Š‡–ƒȌƒ†ˆƒ•–™ƒ˜‡ȋƒŽ’Šƒ ‘”„‡–ƒȌƒ –‹˜‹–›‹–Š‡ ǡƒ’ƒ––‡”‘ˆ„”ƒ‹ƒ –‹˜‹–›–Šƒ–Šƒ•„‡‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘Š‹‰Š•‡ŽˆǦ ”‡’‘”–‡† Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ ‹Š‹„‹–‹‘ ƒ† ƒš‹‡–›Ǥ ‡ ‡–Ž›ǡ  Š—––‡” ƒ† ƒ ‘ ȋʹͲͲͷȌ ˆ‘—† ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† •Ž‘™Ǧˆƒ•– ™ƒ˜‡ ȋ†‡Ž–ƒȂ„‡–ƒȌ ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ ‹ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘Ž‘™‡†‘‰‡‘—•„ƒ•ƒŽ ‘”–‹•‘ŽŽ‡˜‡Ž•ǡƒ†•—‰‰‡•–‡† –Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ‘†‹ˆ›„”ƒ‹ƒ –‹˜‹–›ǡ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ƒ’ƒ––‡”ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Šƒš‹‘—•ƒ† ‹Š‹„‹–‡† ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •–ƒ–‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽ †‡•‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” •–—†› ’”‡ Ž—†‡† ‘ Ž—•‹˜‡ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘• ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ—•ƒŽ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ –Š‡ ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡†‡Ž–ƒƒ†„‡–ƒƒ –‹˜‹–›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–Š‹• Šƒ’–‡”

(24) ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†–Š‡ ͳͶͻ.

(25) Chapter8. ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž administration ‘–Š‹• ”‡•–‹‰ •–ƒ–‡   ‡ƒ•—”‡ ‹ƒ•ƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ’”‡Ǧ •‡Ž‡ –‡† Š‹‰Š ƒ† Ž‘™ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽŽ› ‹Š‹„‹–‡†Ȁƒš‹‘—• •–—†‡–•ǡ —•‹‰ ƒ ’Žƒ ‡„‘Ǧ ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† ™‹–Š‹Ǧ•—„Œ‡ – †‡•‹‰Ǥ • ‡š’‡ –‡†ǡ

(26)  ˆ‘—† •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘• „‡–™‡‡ †‡Ž–ƒ ƒ† „‡–ƒ ƒ –‹˜‹–› ƒ– ‹†ˆ”‘–ƒŽ ‡Ž‡ –”‘†‡• ‹ Š‹‰Š „—– ‘– Ž‘™ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽŽ› ‹Š‹„‹–‡† •—„Œ‡ –• ‹ „‘–Š ‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ

(27)  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ ‹ Ž‹‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‡†‹ –‹‘•ǡ ‘”–‹•‘Ž –‡†‡† –‘ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ †‡Ž–ƒǦ„‡–ƒ ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ ’Žƒ ‡„‘ǡ ”‡•—Ž–‹‰ ‹ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– †‡Ž–ƒǦ„‡–ƒ ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ ƒŽŽ ‡Ž‡ –”‘†‡• ‹ Š‹‰Š „—– ‘– Ž‘™ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽŽ› ‹Š‹„‹–‡†’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•ǡƒ†ƒȋ‡ƒ”Ȍ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‰”‘—’†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ƒ–‹†ˆ”‘–ƒŽƒ† ‡–”ƒŽ ‡Ž‡ –”‘†‡•Ǥ. Theoreticalintegration  • †‡• ”‹„‡† ‹ Chapter 1ǡ ‹ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹•

(28)  ƒ‹‡† –‘ –‡•– •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ’”‡†‹ –‹‘• ‘ ‡”‹‰ •‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ† ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ‹ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–›ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‹ –Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ’”‘ ‡••‡•Ǥ

(29)  –Š‡ ‡š– •‡ –‹‘ǡ

(30)  ™‹ŽŽ ˆ‹”•– †‹• —•• –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–—†‹‡•’”‡•‡–‡†‹Chapters2–‘7‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡•‡’”‡†‹ –‹‘•ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›ƒ‘–Š‡” ‹’‘”–ƒ– –Š‡‡ –Šƒ– ‡‡”‰‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡•‡ •–—†‹‡•ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ –Š‡ ‘–‡š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡ › ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘‡ƒ”Ž›–Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰Ǥ  Increasedthreatprocessinginsocialanxiety Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ’”‡†‹ –‹‘ ‹ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹• ™ƒ• –Šƒ– •‘ ‹ƒŽŽ› –Š”‡ƒ–‡‹‰ •–‹—Ž‹ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ’”‡ˆ‡”‡–‹ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ „› Š‹‰Š •‘ ‹ƒŽŽ› ƒš‹‘—• ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ Š‹• ’”‡†‹ –‹‘ ™ƒ• Ž‡ƒ”Ž› •—’’‘”–‡† „› –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ‹ Chapter 5ǡ ‹ ™Š‹ Š ™‡ ˆ‘—† ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‡ƒ”Ž› ’‘•‹–‹˜‡  ƒ’Ž‹–—†‡• ‹ ”‡ƒ –‹‘ –‘ ƒ‰”› ˆƒ ‡• ‡˜‡ —†‡” ‘†‹–‹‘• ‘ˆ ”‡•–”‹ –‡† •–‹—Ž—•ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǡƒ†™Š‹Ž‡–Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰™ƒ•‘–”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”–ƒ•’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡ ˆƒ – –Šƒ– –Š‹• –Š”‡ƒ– ˜‹‰‹Žƒ ‡ ™ƒ• ”‡ˆŽ‡ –‡† ‹ –Š‡ • „—– ‘– ‹ –Š‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ ”‡•—Ž–• ‹• ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ‘ˆ ‘–Š‡”• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‘Žƒ••ƒ Ƭ ‹Ž–‡”ǡ ʹͲͲ͸Ȍǡ ƒ† —†‡”Ž‹‡• –Š‡ ƒ††‡† ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ —•‹‰ –Š‹• ’•› Š‘’Š›•‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‡ƒ•—”‡ ‹ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ –”‘‘’ –ƒ••Ǥ ™‘ ‘–Š‡” •–—†‹‡• ƒŽ•‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡† ‡˜‹†‡ ‡ ˆ‘” ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ–ǡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‡š‡ —–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”– ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ”‡•’‘•‡• ‹ Š‹‰Š –”ƒ‹– ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ–Ȁ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽŽ› ‹Š‹„‹–‡† •–—†‡–• ȋChapter 2Ȍ ƒ† ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–› ȋChapter 4Ȍǡ „—– ‘Ž› ƒˆ–‡” ‘”–‹•‘Žƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†‘– ‹ –Š‡ ’Žƒ ‡„‘ ‘†‹–‹‘Ǥ  ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ”‡ƒ•‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ„•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡Šƒ ‡† –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‹ ͳͷͲ.

(31) GeneralDiscussion. Š‹‰Š ƒš‹‘—• ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• —†‡” „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ ‘†‹–‹‘• ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ƒˆ–‡” ’Žƒ ‡„‘ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘Ȍ ‹ –Š‡•‡ Žƒ––‡” •–—†‹‡• ‘—Ž† „‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠǦƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ –ƒ• ‹ –Š‡•‡ •–—†‹‡• ‹˜‘Ž˜‡†–Š‡explicit‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ˜ƒŽ‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•–‹—Ž‹ǡƒ†„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ‡ ‡ ™ƒ• ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ˆ‘” ‰‘ƒŽǦ†‹”‡ –‡† •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹ –Š‹• –ƒ•ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ–Š‡‡š‡ —–‹‘‘”‹Š‹„‹–‹‘‘ˆ‘˜‡”–ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡”‡•’‘•‡•ȌǤŠ‹• ƒ› Šƒ˜‡ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† –Š‡ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ •–‹—Ž‹ ȋ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ȍˆ‘”–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•ǡ†‹‹‹•Š‹‰–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘ ‡••‹‰ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ˆ‘”•‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ– —‡•‹Š‹‰Šƒš‹‘—•‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ  Increasedavoidancetendenciesinsocialanxiety Š‡ •‡ ‘† ’”‡†‹ –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹• ™ƒ• –Šƒ– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹œ‡† „› Š‹‰Š Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ ‹Š‹„‹–‹‘ ‘” •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–› ™‘—Ž† •Š‘™ •–”‘‰‡” ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ –‡†‡ ‹‡•‹”‡ƒ –‹‘–‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ–Š”‡ƒ– —‡•Ǥ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š–Š‹•’”‡†‹ –‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–• †‡• ”‹„‡† ‹ Šƒ’–‡” Ͷ •Š‘™‡† ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–› ‘ ”‡ƒ –‹‘ –‹‡•ǡ ”‡ˆŽ‡ –‹‰•Ž‘™‡”‡š‡ —–‹‘‘ˆƒ’’”‘ƒ Š”‡•’‘•‡•–‘ƒ‰”›ˆƒ ‡•‹’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡” Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ —†‡” „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ ‘†‹–‹‘• ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ƒˆ–‡” ’Žƒ ‡„‘ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘”„‡ˆ‘”‡•–”‡••‹†— –‹‘Ȍ™‡†‹†‘–ˆ‹†•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†–Š”‡ƒ– ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡‹Š‹‰Š ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘Ž‘™–”ƒ‹–ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ–’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•ȋChapter2Ȍ‘”‹’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Š‘”Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ‘–”‘Ž•ȋChapter3ȌǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‹• Žƒ ‘ˆ‰”‘—’†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡—†‡”„ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ ‘†‹–‹‘•‹• ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š•‘‡ ’”‡˜‹‘—• ˆ‹†‹‰• ‘ –Š‡ Ǧ–ƒ• ȋ‘‡Ž‘ˆ• ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲͷȌǡ ‘–Š‡”• ƒ—–Š‘”• Šƒ˜‡ ”‡ ‡–Ž› ”‡’‘”–‡† •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• „‡–™‡‡ Ž‘™ ƒ† Š‹‰Š •‘ ‹ƒŽŽ› ƒš‹‘—• ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• ‘ ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠǦƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ȋ ‡—‡” ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ ‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ›ƒ ‘—–ˆ‘”–Š‡•‡ˆ‹†‹‰•Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•‹–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ ‡—‡”‡–ƒŽǤȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ ™‡”‡ ’”‡Ǧ•‡Ž‡ –‡† ‘ ‡š–”‡‡ Š‹‰Š ƒ† Ž‘™ • ‘”‡• ȋŠ‹‰Š‡•– ƒ† Ž‘™‡•– ͳͲΨ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘Ȍ ‘ –Š‡ ‹‡„‘™‹–œ ‘ ‹ƒŽ š‹‡–›  ƒŽ‡ ȋƒš‹‡–› •—„• ƒŽ‡ȌǤ Š‡ Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ‘–”‘Ž ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• ‹ Chapter 3 ‘ˆ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹• ™‡”‡ —•‡Ž‡ –‡†ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•‹Chapter2™‡”‡’”‡Ǧ•‡Ž‡ –‡†‘ƒ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ‹Š‹„‹–‹‘• ƒŽ‡ȋ

(32) ǣƒ”˜‡” Ƭ Š‹–‡ǡ ͳͻͻͶȌǡ –Š‡•‡ ‰”‘—’• ™‡”‡ Ž‡•• ‡š–”‡‡ ȋŠ‹‰Š‡•– ƒ† Ž‘™‡•– ͵͵Ψ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ȌǤ ‡ ‘†ǡ –Š‡ –ƒ• —•‡† „› ‡—‡” ƒ† ‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡• ‹ Ž—†‡† ƒ œ‘‘ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡ǡ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ ‹’”‡••‹‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‹ –—”‡• ™‡”‡ ‘‹‰ Ž‘•‡” —’‘ ’—ŽŽ‹‰ ƒ Œ‘›•–‹ ȋƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠȌƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡›‘˜‡†ƒ™ƒ›—’‘’—•Š‹‰‹–ȋƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ȌǤ••Š‘™‹ Chapter 6 ‘ˆ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹•ǡ –Š‹• œ‘‘‹‰ ‡ˆˆ‡ – ƒ „› ‹–•‡Žˆ ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ‹†‡’‡†‡– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ͳͷͳ.

(33) Chapter8. ‘˜‡‡–‡š‡ —–‡†„›–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–Ȍ”‡•—Ž–‹•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠǦƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǡ ƒ†ƒ›–Š—•„‡‡š’‡ –‡†–‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡•‡‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘ƒ•–ƒ–‹ •–‹—Ž—•ƒ•—•‡† ‹ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹•Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ‹ ‘–”ƒ•– –‘ –Š‡ Ǧ–ƒ• —•‡† ‹ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹•ǡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• ‹ –Š‡ •–—†›‘ˆ ‡—‡”ƒ† ‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡•”‡•’‘†‡†–‘ƒ‡—–”ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘ȋ’—œœŽ‡•˜‡”•—•ˆƒ ‡•Ȍ ‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡•–‹—Ž—•‡‘–‹‘Ǥ— Š‹†‹”‡ –ȋ‹’Ž‹ ‹–Ȍ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ‡š’”‡••‹‘•Šƒ•„‡‡ƒ”‰—‡†–‘„‡‘”‡•‡•‹–‹˜‡–‘‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹  ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ† Ž‡•• ƒˆˆ‡ –‡† „› ‘‰‹–‹˜‡ ‘–”‘Ž ‡ Šƒ‹•• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‡ ‘—™‡”ǡʹͲͲ͸Ȍ ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘‡š’Ž‹ ‹–‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡œ‘‘ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡ ƒ†–Š‡‡š’Ž‹ ‹–‹•–”— –‹‘–‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•–‘’—ŽŽ–Š‡Œ‘›•–‹ –‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•‘” ’—•Š‹–ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–•‘ˆƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒ”‰—ƒ„Ž›‘– ‹’Ž‹ ‹– ‹ –Š‡ Ǧ–ƒ• ‘ˆ ‡—‡” ‡– ƒŽǤ ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍǡ ™Š‡”‡ƒ• –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ‹’Ž‹ ‹– ‹ ‘—” –ƒ• ˜‡”•‹‘Ǥ Š—•ǡ ™‡ ˆ‘—† ‡˜‹†‡ ‡ ˆ‘” ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ –‡†‡ ‹‡• ‹ Š‹‰Š ƒš‹‘—• ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•ǡ•‘‡–‹‡•ƒ–„ƒ•‡Ž‹‡„—–‘•–‡˜‹†‡–Ž›‹ƒ ‘–‡š–‘ˆƒȋ‡†‘‰‡‘—•‘” ‡š‘‰‡‘—•Ȍ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ǤŠ‡•‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘–‘Ž›’”‘˜‹†‡‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ•—’’‘”–ˆ‘” „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ –‡†‡ ‹‡• ‹  ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ Ž†‡ Ƭ ‹‡Ž‹‰ǡ ͳͻͻͺǢ ‘”Ž‡›ǡ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ•ǡ ‘•ƒŽ˜‡œǡ Ƭ ‘”†‘ǡ ʹͲͲ͵Ȍǡ „—– ƒŽ•‘ •Š‡† Ž‹‰Š– ‘ –Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘• ‹ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡•‡ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ –‡†‡ ‹‡• ƒ”‡ ‘•– ’”‘‘— ‡†Ǥ Š‹• Žƒ––‡” ƒ•’‡ – ™‹ŽŽ „‡ †‹• —••‡†‹–Š‡‡š–•‡ –‹‘Ǥ  Cortisolfacilitatessocialavoidance Š‡–Š‹”†ƒ†ˆ‹ƒŽƒ‹’”‡†‹ –‹‘‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•™ƒ•–Šƒ––Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰ƒ† ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡™‘—Ž†„‡ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡†„›Š‹‰ŠŽ‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ‡†‘‰‡‘—•‘”‡š‘‰‡‘—• ‘”–‹•‘ŽǤŠ‡ ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†‹‡•‹Chapters2ǡ3ƒ†4Žƒ”‰‡Ž›•—’’‘”––Š‹•’”‡†‹ –‹‘ǤChapter2 •Š‘™‡†ƒ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹ ‘‰”—‡ ›‡ˆˆ‡ –•ƒˆ–‡” ‘”–‹•‘Žƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‹Š‹‰Š–”ƒ‹– ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ– ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•ǡ ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ –‡†‡ ›Ǥ

(34)  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ‘ˆ Chapter 3 †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– •‘ ‹ƒŽ •–”‡•• ‡Ž‹ ‹–‡† ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡–‡†‡ ‹‡•–‘™ƒ”†•‘ ‹ƒŽ–Š”‡ƒ–‹’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Šǡƒ†‘”‡‘˜‡”–Šƒ––Š‹• ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† –‡†‡ › –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† –Š”‡ƒ– ™ƒ• †‹”‡ –Ž› ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ •–”‡••Ǧ‹†— ‡† ‘”–‹•‘Ž Ž‡˜‡Ž•‹–Š‡•‡’ƒ–‹‡–•Ǥ ‹–Š ”‡‰ƒ”† –‘ –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ǡ Chapters 2 ƒ† 4 ’”‘˜‹†‡† ‡˜‹†‡ ‡ ˆ‘” ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡† ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ– •–‹—Ž‹ ‹ Š‹‰Š „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽŽ› ‹Š‹„‹–‡†Ȁƒš‹‘—• Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• ȋChapter 2Ȍǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ͳͷʹ.

(35) GeneralDiscussion. ƒš‹‡–› ȋChapter 4ȌǤ

(36) –‡”‡•–‹‰Ž›ǡ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘Ž› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‡š‡ —–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ”‡•’‘•‡•Ǥ Š‹• •—‰‰‡•–• –Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡• ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ’‡”Šƒ’•„›ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‰‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘–Š”‡ƒ–Ǥ › ‘–”ƒ•–ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ‘ˆ Chapter 5 •Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› decreased ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ– •–‹—Ž‹ ™Š‡ –Š‡› ™‡”‡ –ƒ•Ǧ ‹””‡Ž‡˜ƒ–ƒ†’”‡•‡–‡†—†‡” ‘†‹–‹‘•‘ˆ”‡•–”‹ –‡†ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǤŠ—•ǡ‹Ž‹‡™‹–Š–Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ‘ˆ Chapter 4ǡ ‹ Chapter 5 ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ› ƒˆˆ‡ –‡† ‡ƒ”Ž› ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ’Ž‹–—†‡•ˆ‘”ƒ‰”›ˆƒ ‡•ǡƒ†–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–Š‹•‡ˆˆ‡ –™ƒ•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘ •‡˜‡”‹–› ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–› ‹ „‘–Š •–—†‹‡•ǡ „—– –Š‡ direction ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‡ˆˆ‡ – ™ƒ• ”‡˜‡”•‡†Ǥ•„‘–Š‘ˆ–Š‡•‡•–—†‹‡•™‡”‡ ‘†— –‡†‹–Š‡•ƒ‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•ƒ’Ž‡ƒ† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ǡ –Š‡ ‘–”ƒ•–‹‰ ˆ‹†‹‰• ƒ”‡ ‘•– Ž‹‡Ž› ‡š’Žƒ‹‡†„›–ƒ•Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡††‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ǡ‘ˆ™Š‹ Š–Š‡–ƒ•‘”‰‘ƒŽǦ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•–‹—Ž‹ ƒ› „‡ ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ˆƒ –‘” ȋ•‡‡ Chapter 5 ˆ‘” ƒ ‘”‡ †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† †‹• —••‹‘ ‘ˆ –ƒ• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ȌǤ‹‡”ƒ† ‘Ž‡•ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ’”‘’‘•‡†–Šƒ–‡ƒ”Ž›‹†Ž‹‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡ –• ”‡ˆŽ‡ – Š‹‰Š‡” ‘”†‡” ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ –Šƒ– ‹• –ƒ• †‡’‡†‡– ƒ† ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ†ƒ’–‹˜‡ ‹–‡–‹‘ƒŽ ‘–”‘Ž‘ˆ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”Ǥ•‘–‡†ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ‹–Š‡Ǧ–ƒ•—•‡†‹Chapters2ƒ†4ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–‹—Ž‹ ™ƒ• ‡š’Ž‹ ‹– ƒ† ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ˆ‘” ‰‘ƒŽǦ †‹”‡ –‡† •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”Ǥ

(37)  ‘–”ƒ•–ǡ ‹ –Š‡ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ –”‘‘’ –ƒ• ‹ Chapter 5ǡ –Š‡ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–‹—Ž‹ ™ƒ• –ƒ•Ǧ‹””‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ƒ† ”‡“—‹”‡† ‹Š‹„‹–‹‘ǡ ƒ• –Š‡ –ƒ• ‰‘ƒŽ ™ƒ• –‘ “—‹ Ž› ‹†‡–‹ˆ› –Š‡ •–‹—Ž—• ‘Ž‘”Ǥ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• –Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡† ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡ƒ– •–‹—Ž‹†—”‹‰–Š‡‡š‡ —–‹‘‘ˆƒˆˆ‡ –Ǧ ‘‰”—‡–ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡”‡•’‘•‡•ȋChapters2ƒ†4Ȍǡ ™Š‡”‡ƒ•‹–†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡†’”‘ ‡••‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•‡•–‹—Ž‹™Š‡–Š‡›‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡†™‹–Š–Š‡–ƒ•‰‘ƒŽ ȋChapter 5ǡ •‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ —–ƒ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲ͹„Ǣ ‡‹ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǡ •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ƒˆˆ‡ –• ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ› •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– –Š”‡ƒ– •–‹—Ž‹ ‹ ƒ ‰‘ƒŽǦ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ƒ† ƒ†ƒ’–‹˜‡ ƒ‡”Ǥ Š‹• ‹• ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‰Ž— ‘ ‘”–‹ ‘‹† ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ ‘‰‹–‹‘ƒ”‡‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›ƒ†ƒ’–‹˜‡ǡƒ†ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”–Šƒ–‹•‘•–”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– –‘ –Š‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ȋ‡ Ž‘‡– ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ͳͻͻͻȌǤ

(38)  –Š‡ ‡š– •‡ –‹‘ǡ

(39)  ™‹ŽŽ ˆ—”–Š‡” †‹• —•• –Š‡•‡ ˆ‹†‹‰•‹Ž‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡˜‹‡™–Šƒ––Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡Ǧ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ”‡ ‘–‡š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡–Ǥ  Contextdependencyofcortisoleffects Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†‹‡•‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•‹™Š‹ Š™‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†–Š‡‡—”ƒŽ ͳͷ͵.

(40) Chapter8. ’”‘ ‡••‡•ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰ƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ȋChapters2ǡ4ǡƒ† 5Ȍ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž› ”‘„—•– ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ ‡ƒ”Ž› ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ‹†Ž‹‡  ‘’‘‡–•ǡ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š Dz‘–‹˜ƒ–‡† ƒ––‡–‹‘dzǡ ‘” ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡† ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ› •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– •–‹—Ž‹ǡ ’‘••‹„Ž› †—‡ –‘ ”‡Ǧ‡–”ƒ– ’”‘Œ‡ –‹‘• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ›‰†ƒŽƒ –‘ ‘”–‹ ƒŽ ”‡‰‹‘• ȋƒ”ƒŽ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲ͵Ǣ †‡”•‘ Ƭ Š‡Ž’•ǡ ʹͲͲͳǢ —‹ŽŽ‡—‹‡” ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲͶǡ •‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ Chapter 1ȌǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ –Š‡•‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘–Š‹•’”‘ ‡••ƒ”‡‘•–’”‘‘— ‡†ˆ‘”‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ȋ•‘ ‹ƒŽ–Š”‡ƒ– —‡•Ȍǡƒ”‡•–”‘‰‡”‹‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š–Š‹•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹• Š‹‰ŠŽ› ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– –‘ –Š‡‹” ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘ ‡”• ȋŠ‹‰Š –”ƒ‹– ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ– ‘” •‘ ‹ƒŽŽ› ƒš‹‘—• ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•Ȍǡ ƒ† †‡’‡† ‘ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–‹—Ž‹ –‘ –Š‡ –ƒ• ‰‘ƒŽǤ ‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ –Š‡•‡ˆ‹†‹‰••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡Ǧ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ƒ”‡ ‘–‡š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡–ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ –Š‡ •–”‡‰–Š ƒ† –Š‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• †‡’‡† ‘ ˆƒ –‘”• •— Š ƒ• –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ •–ƒ‰‡ǡ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ ƒ† ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–‹—Ž‹ǡ ƒ† –ƒ• ‰‘ƒŽǤ Š‹• ‘–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡Ǧ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ƒ”‡ ‘–‡š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡–‹•‘–‡™ǡƒ†Šƒ•„‡‡™‹†‡Ž›•–—†‹‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ ‡‘”› ”‡•‡ƒ” ŠǤ Š‡•‡ •–—†‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ •Š‘™ –Šƒ– –Š‡ •–”‡‰–Š ƒ† †‹”‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ ‡‘”› ’”‘ ‡••‡• ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ‡Šƒ ‡‡– ‘” ‹’ƒ‹”‡–Ȍ †‡’‡†ǡ ƒ‘‰ ‘–Š‡” –Š‹‰•ǡ ‘ ˆƒ –‘”• •— Š ƒ• –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ •–ƒ‰‡ ȋ‡ ‘†‹‰ǡ ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‹‘ǡ ”‡–”‹‡˜ƒŽ‘””‡ ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‹‘Ȍǡ–Š‡‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡ȋ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ƒ”‘—•‹‰˜‡”•—•‡—–”ƒŽȌ ƒ† –ƒ•Ǧ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡ ȋ”‡Žƒ–‡† ‘” —”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ •‘—” ‡ ‘ˆ •–”‡••Ȁ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‘—•ƒŽȌ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘Ǧ„‡Ǧ”‡‡„‡”‡† ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ȋ•‡‡ ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ —’‹‡ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲ͹ ˆ‘” ƒ ‡š–‡•‹˜‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ȌǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ„ƒ•‡†‘‡š–‡•‹˜‡ƒ‹ƒŽ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ‡Ž‘‡–‡–ƒŽǤȋͳͻͻͻȌ’”‘’‘•‡†–Šƒ– ‘”–‹ ‘•–‡”‘‹†‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ ‘‰‹–‹‘ƒ”‡‡†‹ƒ–‡†„›‹‡”ƒŽ‘ ‘”–‹ ‘‹†ƒ†‰Ž— ‘ ‘”–‹ ‘‹† ”‡ ‡’–‘”• ‹ –Š‡ „”ƒ‹ǡ ƒ† †‡’‡† ‘ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ –‹˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ”‡ ‡’–‘”• ‹ –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• •–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰Ǥ Š‡› ˆ—”–Š‡” ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘–‡š– ‹ ™Š‹ Š –Š‹• ‘”–‹ ‘•–‡”‘‹†Ǧ”‡ ‡’–‘” ƒ –‹˜ƒ–‹‘ –ƒ‡• ’Žƒ ‡ ‹• ”— ‹ƒŽǡ ƒ† –Šƒ– ‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹ ‘•–‡”‘‹†• ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ •— Š ƒ• –‘ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ƒ†ƒ’–‹˜‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”–Šƒ–‹•‘•–”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†‹‡•‹–Š‹• –Š‡•‹•ƒ”‡‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ› ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š–Š‹•‘–‹‘ǡ„—–ƒ”‡–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‘•Š‘™•— Š ‘–‡š–Ǧ †‡’‡†‡– ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š”‡ƒ– ƒ• ‡ƒ•—”‡† „› •Ǥ. ͳͷͶ.

(41) GeneralDiscussion. Strengths,limitations,andsuggestionsforfutureresearch  Strengths ‹”•–ǡ™‡—•‡†ƒ ‘’—–‡”‹œ‡†’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰–‘‡ƒ•—”‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ”‡•’‘•‡•‹”‡ƒ –‹‘–‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–‹—Ž‹ǡ™Š‹ Š‡•—”‡†ƒ†‹”‡ –ƒ†‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡƒ†ƒŽ•‘ƒ‡•‹–’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘‡ƒ•—”‡„”ƒ‹ƒ –‹˜‹–›†—”‹‰–ƒ•’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡•–—†‹‡•’”‡•‡–‡†‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•ƒ”‡–Š‡ˆ‹”•–—•‹‰–Š‹•’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡–‡†‡ ‹‡•‹ƒ•‡Ž‡ –‡†•ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Š Ž‹‹ ƒŽǤ ‡ ‘†ǡ ™‡ —•‡† • –‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡  ‡—”ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‡• —†‡”Ž›‹‰ –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡Ǥ•ƒ”‡ƒŠ‹‰ŠŽ›•‡•‹–‹˜‡‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ–‡’‘”ƒŽ†›ƒ‹ •‘ˆ ‡—”ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ǡ ƒ† ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› •—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •–—†› ‘ˆ ˜‡”› ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‡•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ”‡ — Š Šƒ”†‡” –‘ ‡ƒ•—”‡ ™‹–Š ’—”‡Ž› „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ ’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰• ȋ•‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ƒ”Ǧ ƒ‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͷǢŠ‘ƒ•‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ Š‹”†ǡ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘–Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰ƒ†„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”™‡”‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†‘– ‘Ž› –Š”‘—‰Š ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ƒ‹’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡†‘‰‡‘—• ‘”–‹•‘Ž Ž‡˜‡Ž• ȋ™‹–Š ƒ ’•› Š‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡••–ƒ•ǡChapter3Ȍ„—–ƒŽ•‘–Š”‘—‰Šƒ —–‡ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡š‘‰‡‘—• ‘”–‹•‘ŽȋChapters2ƒ†4ȌǤš‘‰‡‘—•ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•—•‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒ—•ƒŽ”‘Ž‡‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Žǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡ƒ›ˆƒ –‘”•‹–‡”ƒ –™‹–Š‡†‘‰‡‘—• ‘”–‹•‘ŽŽ‡˜‡Ž• †—”‹‰•–”‡••Ǧ‹†— –‹‘ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡƒ”‘—•ƒŽǡ•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡•• ‘–‡š–ǡƒ†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ȌǤ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ‹–Š‡•–—†‹‡•’”‡•‡–‡†‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•ǡ™‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†–Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹Š‹‰Šƒ†Ž‘™–”ƒ‹–ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ–Š‡ƒŽ–Š›•–—†‡–•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ• ‹ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š ƒ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ †‹ƒ‰‘•‹• ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–› †‹•‘”†‡”Ǥ –—†‹‡• ‹ •— Š ’”‡Ǧ •‡Ž‡ –‡† •–—†‡– •ƒ’Ž‡• ƒ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ ˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ „ƒ•‹  ’”‘ ‡••‡• ‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‡† ‹ ƒš‹‡–› †‹•‘”†‡”•ǡ „—– •—„•‡“—‡– •–—†‹‡• ‹ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘†”ƒ™ ‘ Ž—•‹‘•ƒ„‘—––Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰• ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ’”‘ ‡••‡•Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ ™‡ ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ› •‡Ž‡ –‡† ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–• „ƒ•‡† ‘ •–”‹ – ”‹–‡”‹ƒǤ

(42)  –Š‡ •–—†‹‡• ‹ Chapters 4 ƒ† 5ǡ ’ƒ–‹‡–• —•‹‰ ’•› Š‘–”‘’‹  ‡†‹ ƒ–‹‘ ™‡”‡ ‡š Ž—†‡†ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‹• ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› ƒˆˆ‡ – „”ƒ‹ ƒ –‹˜‹–›Ǥ ‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‡š Ž—†‡† ’ƒ–‹‡–• •—ˆˆ‡”‹‰ ˆ”‘ ƒ ‘ —””‡– ƒŒ‘” †‡’”‡••‹‘ǡ ƒ• ’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡•Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒŽ„‹ƒ•ˆ‘”–Š”‡ƒ–‹–Š‡•‡’ƒ–‹‡–•ƒ›„‡ ‘†‡”ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡’”‡•‡ ‡‘ˆƒ ‘‘”„‹††‡’”‡••‹‘ȋ—•ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ •— Š •–”‹ – •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ‹ –Š‡•‡ •–—†‹‡• ƒ› ‘’”‹•‡ ƒ ƒ–›’‹ ƒŽ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–› ’ƒ–‹‡–• ‹ –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹ Š ͳͷͷ.

(43) Chapter8. ”‡•–”‹ –• –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡– ˆ‹†‹‰•Ǥ

(44)  Chapter 3 ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š ‡†‹ ƒ–‹‘‘”†‡’”‡••‹‘™‡”‡‘–‡š Ž—†‡†ǡ„—–™‡ ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡•‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‹–Š‡ ƒƒŽ›•‡•Ǥ  Limitations Š‡•–—†‹‡•’”‡•‡–‡†‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•Šƒ˜‡•‡˜‡”ƒŽŽ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ”‡†‹• —••‡† ‹†‡–ƒ‹Ž‹–Š‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ Šƒ’–‡”•Ǥ ‡”‡ǡ

(45) ™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡–‘ˆ‘ —•‘–Š‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ ‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ––‘–Š‡•–—†‹‡•‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•‹‰‡‡”ƒŽǤ Š‡‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘‹•–Šƒ–™‡†‹†‘–—•‡ƒŠ‡ƒŽ–Š› ‘–”‘Ž‰”‘—’ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‹‹ ƒŽ •ƒ’Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ •–—†‹‡• ‹ Chapters 4 ƒ† 5Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š –Š‹• †‘‡• ‘– Ž‹‹– –Š‡ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ‹ –Š‡•‡ •–—†‹‡•ǡ ƒ ƒ– Š‡† ‘–”‘Ž ‰”‘—’ ™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ ‘ˆˆ‡”‡† ‘”‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ˆ‘” •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–›Ǥ Š‡ ™‹–Š‹Ǧ•—„Œ‡ – †‡•‹‰ –Šƒ– ™ƒ• —•‡† ˆ‘” ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡•‡ •–—†‹‡• †‹† ƒŽŽ‘™ —• –‘ ‘–”‘Ž ˆ‘” ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ‹ •›’–‘ •‡˜‡”‹–›ǡ ™Š‹ Š ’”‘˜‡† –‘ „‡ ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‘†‡”ƒ–‹‰ ˆƒ –‘” ™‹–Š ”‡‰ƒ”† –‘ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰Ǥ Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ™‡”‡ •–”‘‰‡” ‹ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š‡” Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–› ‹ –Š‡•‡ •–—†‹‡•ǡ ™Š‹ Š †‘‡• ’‘‹– ƒ– ƒ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† •‡•‹–‹˜‹–› ‹ Š‹‰Š ƒš‹‘—• ’ƒ–‹‡–•Ǥ Š‹• ‹• ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡” •–—†‹‡• ȋChapters2ƒ†3Ǣ•‡‡ƒŽ•‘—–ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͹„Ȍǡ„—–ˆ—–—”‡•–—†‹‡•‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒƒ– Š‡† ‘–”‘Ž ‰”‘—’ ƒ”‡ ‡ ‡••ƒ”› –‘ †”ƒ™ †‡ˆ‹‹–‡ ‘ Ž—•‹‘• ƒ„‘—– •— Š ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† •‡•‹–‹˜‹–›–‘ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‹’ƒ–‹‡–•Ǥ ‡ ‘†ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†‹‡•‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•–‘‰‡–Š‡”•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ ‡ƒ”Ž› –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ”‡ ‘–‡š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡–ǡ ™‡ †‹† ‘– ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ ƒŽŽ ƒ•’‡ –• ‘ˆ –Š‹• ‘–‡š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡ › ‹ ƒ ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† ƒ‡”Ǥ ‡ †‹† ‘–”‘Žˆƒ –‘”••— Šƒ•’‡”•‘ƒŽ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡ƒ†‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•–‹—Ž‹ǡ „—–•–—†‹‡•‹™Š‹ Šˆƒ –‘”••— Šƒ•‰‘ƒŽǦ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡ƒ”‡•›•–‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ‹’—Žƒ–‡†ƒ”‡ ‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘ˆ—”–Š‡”‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‹•‹••—‡Ǥ Š‹”†ǡ–Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡–ƒ•ˆ‘”•‘ ‹ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹ ”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘• ‹• –Š—• ˆƒ” ‘Ž› •—’’‘”–‡† „› ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ™‹–Š •‡ŽˆǦ”‡’‘”– ‡ƒ•—”‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ—•‹‰ƒŠ‹‰ŠŽ›•‹‹Žƒ”’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰ǡƒ’’”‘ƒ Šƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡–‡†‡ ‹‡•–‘™ƒ”†• •’‹†‡”• ‹ •’‹†‡” ’Š‘„‹  ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ •Š‘™ –‘ „‡ ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž› ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‹ƒ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽƒ••‡••‡––‡•–ȋȌǡ‹™Š‹ Š’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•™‡”‡ƒ•‡†–‘ ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠƒŽƒ”‰‡Ž‹˜‹‰•’‹†‡”ȋ‹ Ƭ‡ ‡”ǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤŠ‹•’”‘˜‹†‡•‰‡‡”ƒŽ•—’’‘”–ˆ‘” ͳͷ͸.

(46) GeneralDiscussion. –Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–›‘ˆ–Š‹•’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰‹’Š‘„‹ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ„—–‘”‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹•‡‡†‡† –‘ †‹”‡ –Ž› –‡•– ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‹• –ƒ• ™‹–Š ”‡ƒŽǦŽ‹ˆ‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ‹•‘‡•–—†‹‡•ȋChapters3ƒ†5Ȍ™‡†‹†‘–ˆ‹†ƒ‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ ”‡•—Ž–•ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ™‡ †‹† ˆ‹† ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ •Ǥ —–—”‡ •–—†‹‡• ‹ ™Š‹ Š ˜‹‰‹Žƒ ‡ ‘” ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š”‡ƒ– ƒ „‡ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† —•‹‰ • ™‘—Ž† „‡ Š‡Ž’ˆ—Ž ƒ• ƒ ‘ˆ‹”ƒ–‘”›‡ƒ•—”‡–‘•–”‡‰–Š‡ ‘ Ž—•‹‘•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰‡ˆˆ‡ –•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‘Ž‡•‡– ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͻȌǡƒ†–‘ˆ—”–Š‡”‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡Š‘™‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†‡ƒ”Ž›–Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰‹•ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š•—„•‡“—‡–’”‘ ‡••‹‰ƒ†„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”Ǥ  Suggestionsforfutureresearch

(47) ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡•—‰‰‡•–‹‘•ˆ‘”ˆ—–—”‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡–‹‘‡†ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ

(48) ™‘—Ž†Ž‹‡ –‘‘—–Ž‹‡ƒ—„‡”‘ˆƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–‡”‡•–ˆ‘”–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘–Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ •–—†‹‡• —•‹‰ ‡—”‘‹ƒ‰‹‰ –‡ Š‹“—‡• •— Š ƒ• ˆ

(49)  •Š‘—Ž† ˆ—”–Š‡” ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡  –Š‡ „”ƒ‹ ƒ”‡ƒ• –Šƒ– ’Žƒ› ƒ ”— ‹ƒŽ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹ǡƒ†Š‘™ƒ –‹˜‹–›‹–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ„”ƒ‹‡–™‘” ‹•‘†—Žƒ–‡†„› ‘”–‹•‘ŽǤ . ‡ ‘†ǡ ‹– ™‘—Ž† „‡ ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ –‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ ‘–Š‡”. ‡ƒ•—”‡•‘ˆƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ•— Šƒ•‡›‡‘˜‡‡–•ȋ•‡‡‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‘”Ž‡›‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͵Ȍ‘” •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•ǡ –‘ •‡‡ ™Š‡–Š‡” ‘—” ˆ‹†‹‰• ‘ –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ ŠǦƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ –ƒ• ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œ‡–‘‘–Š‡”•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ . Š‹”†ǡ ‹ ‘–”ƒ•– –‘ ‡š‘‰‡‘—• ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Žǡ ƒ‹’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ. ‡†‘‰‡‘—• ‘”–‹•‘Ž Ž‡˜‡Ž• –Š”‘—‰Š •‘ ‹ƒŽ •–”‡•• ‹†— –‹‘ ”‡•—Ž–• ‹• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š ƒ —„‡” ‘ˆ ‘ —””‡– •–”‡••Ǧ”‡•’‘•‡•ǡ •— Š ƒ• ‘”ƒ†”‡‡”‰‹  ƒ –‹˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ› ‹–‡”ƒ –™‹–Š–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘’”‡ˆ”‘–ƒŽˆ— –‹‘ǡƒ••—‰‰‡•–‡†„›–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ”‡ ‡– •–—†‹‡• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‘‘œ‡†ƒƒŽ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲͶǢ Žœ‹‰ƒ Ƭ ‘‡Ž‘ˆ•ǡ ʹͲͲͷȌǤ —–—”‡ •–—†‹‡•‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ‡†‘‰‡‘—• ‘”–‹•‘Žƒ”‡ƒ––‡—ƒ–‡†ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡™‹–Š–Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ •‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ •–‡”‘‹† ”‡ ‡’–‘” ƒ–ƒ‰‘‹•–• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‡–›”ƒ’‘‡Ȍǡ ƒ› Š‡Ž’ –‘ ˆ—”–Š‡” ƒ••‡••–Š‡ ƒ—•ƒŽ”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‡†‘‰‡‘—• ‘”–‹•‘Žƒ†–Š‡‹–‡”’Žƒ›™‹–Š ‘–‡š–—ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‹ •‘ ‹ƒŽƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ȋ‡Ž‘‡–‡–ƒŽǤǡͳͻͻͻȌǤ . ‘—”–Šǡˆ—–—”‡•–—†‹‡•‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ‘”•‘ ‹ƒŽ. ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••‹‰•Š‘—Ž†•›•–‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘–‡š–Ǥ ͳͷ͹.

(50) Chapter8. ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ‹ ‘–”ƒ•––‘‘•–’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†‹‡•‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡Ǧ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ȋ™Š‹ Š Šƒ˜‡ ‘•–Ž› ˆ‘ —•‡† ‘ ‡‘”› ’”‘ ‡••‡•ǡ •‡‡ ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ —’‹‡ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲ͹ǡ ˆ‘” ƒ ”‡˜‹‡™Ȍǡ ‘—” ”‡•—Ž–• •Š‘™‡† ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ˜‡”› ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ •–‹—Ž‹Ǥ

(51) – ™‘—Ž†„‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡–‘Ž‹–Š‡•‡–™‘ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ†–‘‹’Ž‡‡–‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‘ˆ • ‹ ‡‘”› •–—†‹‡•ǡ –‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‘ ‡‘”› ƒ”‡ ’‘••‹„Ž›”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‘†—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ”Ž›’”‘ ‡••‹‰‘ˆ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ. Clinicalimplications  ‹”•–ǡ‹–‹•‹’‘”–ƒ––‘‘–‡–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›™ƒ•ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽǣ‡ƒ‹‡† –‘‰ƒ‹‘”‡‹•‹‰Š–‹„ƒ•‹ ’”‘ ‡••‡•—†‡”Ž›‹‰ˆ‡ƒ”ƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡‹•‘ ‹ƒŽƒš‹‡–›Ǥ • ƒ ”‡•—Ž–ǡ ‘—” ˆ‹†‹‰• ƒ‘– „‡ ”‡ƒ†‹Ž› —•‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ –”‡ƒ–‡– ‘ˆ –Š‹• †‹•‘”†‡”Ǥ ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ •‘‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” ˆ‹†‹‰• †‘ Šƒ˜‡ ‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” Ž‹‹ ƒŽ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ –Š‡ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† Ž‹ „‡–™‡‡ Š‹‰Š •–”‡••Ǧ‹†— ‡† ‘”–‹•‘Ž Ž‡˜‡Ž• ƒ† ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š  ȋChapter 3Ȍ •—‰‰‡•–• –Šƒ– ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ƒ Š‹‡˜‡ ‘’–‹ƒŽ „‡‡ˆ‹–•ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ –‘ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ ƒ† ’”‘‘–‡ –Š”‡ƒ– ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•–”‡••†—”‹‰‡š’‘•—”‡–Š‡”ƒ’›•Š‘—Ž†„‡‡’––‘ƒŽ‹‹–Ǥ

(52)  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‰Ž— ‘ ‘”–‹ ‘‹† •–”‡••Ǧ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–› ‹‰Š– „‡ ƒ••‡••‡† –‘ –ƒ‹Ž‘” ƒ† ˆ‹‡–—‡’•› Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†’Šƒ”ƒ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•‹’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–ŠǤ Ž•‘ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ ‘—” ‘”–‹•‘Ž ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ •–—†‹‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ˆ‘” Ž‹‹ ƒŽ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡƒ•‰Ž— ‘ ‘”–‹ ‘‹†ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•„‡‡’”‘’‘•‡†ƒ•ƒ–”‡ƒ–‡–ˆ‘”ƒš‹‡–› †‹•‘”†‡”•ȋƒ†Ǣ•‡‡‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ‡—‡”˜ƒ‹ǡʹͲͲͺǢ‘”ƒ˜‹ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤŠ‹•’”ƒ –‹ ‡ ‹• „ƒ•‡† ‘ ˆ‹†‹‰• •Š‘™‹‰ –Šƒ– ’”‡Ǧ–”‡ƒ–‡– ™‹–Š ‘”–‹•‘Ž †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡• •—„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ƒš‹‡–› †—”‹‰ ‡š’‘•—”‡ –‘ •‘ ‹ƒŽ •–”‡••ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• •—‰‰‡•–‡† –‘ „‡ ‡†‹ƒ–‡† „› ‰Ž— ‘ ‘”–‹ ‘‹†‹Š‹„‹–‹‘‘ˆˆ‡ƒ”‡‘”›ȋ‘”ƒ˜‹ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š‘—””‡•—Ž–•†‘ ‘–‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž› ‘–”ƒ†‹ ––Š‡•‡ˆ‹†‹‰•ǡ–Š‡›†‘•Š‘™ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘ ˜‡”›‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘–Š”‡ƒ–ǡƒ†•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•ƒ”‡•‡•‹–‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ –ƒ• ‘–‡š– ȋChapters 4 ƒ† 5Ȍǡ ƒ† ’‡”Šƒ’• ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘• —†‡” ™Š‹ Š ‘”–‹•‘Ž‹•ƒ†‹‹•–‡”‡†ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ™‹–Š‘”™‹–Š‘—– ‘ —””‡–•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡••ǡ•‡‡Chapter4ˆ‘” ƒ ‘”‡ ‡š–‡•‹˜‡ †‹• —••‹‘ȌǤ Š‹• ‘–‡š–Ǧ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ǡ ƒŽ‘‰ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰ –Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†‡ƒ”Ž›–Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰†—”‹‰ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡‹Š‹‰Šƒš‹‘—•‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ ƒŽ•‘ƒ”‰—‡•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒ‰‡‡”ƒŽƒš‹‘Ž›–‹ ȋˆ‡ƒ”Ǧ”‡†— ‹‰Ȍ‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž–Šƒ–ƒ•Šƒ•„‡‡ ͳͷͺ.

(53) GeneralDiscussion. ’”‘’‘•‡†„›•‘‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ—–ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͹„ȌǤŠ—•ǡ™‡’”‘’‘•‡–Šƒ–‘”‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹•™ƒ””ƒ–‡†–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Žƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘’”‘ ‡••‡• ‘–Š‡”–Šƒ‡‘”›ȋƒ†•—„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ƒš‹‡–›Ȍǡƒ†–Šƒ–ƒ––‡–‹‘•Š‘—Ž†„‡’ƒ‹†–‘–ƒ•Ǧ ˆƒ –‘”•ƒ†–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘‹™Š‹ Š ‘”–‹•‘Ž‹•ƒ†‹‹•–‡”‡†Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ‹– ‹• ™‘”–Š™Š‹Ž‡ –‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ ™Š‡–Š‡” ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ –‡†‡ ‹‡• ƒ „‡ –”ƒ‹‡†ƒ™ƒ›ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ”‡ ‡–•–—†‹‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ‹”ǡ‡„‡”ǡ‡ƒ”†ǡ‘›‡ƒǡƬ ƒ›Ž‘”ǡʹͲͲͺǢƒ ‡‘†ǡ—–Š‡”ˆ‘”†ǡƒ’„‡ŽŽǡ„•™‘”–Š›ǡƬ ‘Ž‡”ǡʹͲͲʹǢ‡‡ǡƒ Ž‡‘†ǡ Ƭ ”‹†Ž‡ǡ ʹͲͲͻȌ •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ „‡ –”ƒ‹‡† –‘ †‹”‡ – –Š‡‹” ƒ––‡–‹‘ ƒ™ƒ› ˆ”‘–Š”‡ƒ–‡‹‰•–‹—Ž‹‹ ‘’—–‡”–ƒ••ǡƒ†–Šƒ––Š‹•–”ƒ‹‹‰”‡†— ‡•–”ƒ‹–ƒš‹‡–› • ‘”‡• ƒ† ƒš‹‡–› ”‡•’‘•‡• –‘ ƒ •—„•‡“—‡– ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ •–”‡••‘”Ǥ Š‡•‡ ˆ‹†‹‰• ’”‘˜‹†‡ •—’’‘”– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘–‹‘ –Šƒ– •— Š ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒŽ „‹ƒ•‡• ’Žƒ› ƒ ƒ—•ƒŽ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‡–‹‘Ž‘‰›ƒ†ƒ‹–‡ƒ ‡‘ˆƒš‹‡–›Ǥ

(54) –‹•ƒ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰“—‡•–‹‘–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡•ƒ‡‹•–”—‡ˆ‘”„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡–‡†‡ ‹‡•Ǥ. Toconclude  Š‡ ƒ‹ ‘ˆ –Š‹• –Š‡•‹• ™ƒ• –‘ ‰ƒ‹ ‘”‡ ‹•‹‰Š– ‹ –Š‡ ’•› Š‘„‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‡ Šƒ‹•• —†‡”Ž›‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽˆ‡ƒ”ƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹Š—ƒ•Ǥ—”ˆ‹†‹‰•’”‘˜‹†‡•—’’‘”– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”Ž› –Š”‡ƒ– ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ† ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” ‹ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒš‹‡–›ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‹‰•ˆ—”–Š‡” ‘ˆ‹”‡†‘—”’”‡†‹ –‹‘–Šƒ– ‘”–‹•‘Ž’Žƒ›•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ– ”‘Ž‡‹–Š‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǤŠ‹•’”‡†‹ –‹‘™ƒ•Žƒ”‰‡Ž›„ƒ•‡†‘ ƒ‹ƒŽ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡƒ†–Š‡•–—†‹‡•’”‡•‡–‡†‹–Š‹•–Š‡•‹•ƒ”‡ƒ‘‰–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‘’”‘˜‹†‡ ‡˜‹†‡ ‡•—’’‘”–‹‰ •— Š ƒ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž ‹Š—ƒ•Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ–Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ ‘—” •–—†‹‡••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘‡ƒ”Ž›–Š”‡ƒ–’”‘ ‡••‹‰ȋƒ†ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ‡Ȍƒ”‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡† „› ˆƒ –‘”• ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘–‡š–ǡ •— Š ƒ• ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•–‹—Ž—•ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǡƒ†–Š‡–ƒ•Ǧ‰‘ƒŽǤ ‘”‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘”–‹•‘Ž‘‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••‡• ‹• ™ƒ””ƒ–‡†ǡ –‘ •–—†› Š‘™ –Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ •—„•‡“—‡– ‘‰‹–‹˜‡ ’”‘ ‡••‡•ǡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ ”‡•’‘•‡• ƒ† •—„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ƒš‹‡–›ǡ ƒ† –‘ •›•–‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‘–‡š–Ǧ†‡’‡†‡ ›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•Ǥ. ͳͷͻ.

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