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Eastern desert ware : traces of the inhabitants of the eastern desert in Egypt and Sudan during the 4th-6th centuries CE

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Eastern desert ware : traces of the inhabitants of the eastern desert in Egypt and Sudan during the 4th-6th centuries CE

Barnard, H.

Citation

Barnard, H. (2008, June 4). Eastern desert ware : traces of the inhabitants of the eastern desert in Egypt and Sudan during the 4th-6th centuries CE. Retrieved from

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12929

Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown)

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden

Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12929

Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable).

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T

ABLE OF

C

ONTENTS

STELLINGEN iv

SAMENVATTING v

CURRICULUM VITAE vii

CHAPTER ONE

Historical Background of the Eastern Desert and Eastern Desert Ware

History of the Research History of the Eastern Desert Migratory Routes The Historical Sources Pottery and People of the Eastern Desert

1

1 6 13 14 17 CHAPTER TWO

The Macroscopic Description of Eastern Desert Ware and its Comparison with Associated Pottery

Material Recording Methods Classification of From, Decoration and Fabric Comparison with Associated Pottery Nubian Hand-made Pottery Analysis of the Macroscopic Data Special Features Tools Discussion

19

20 21 21 26 29 31 37 37 38 CHAPTER THREE

The Provenance of Eastern Desert Ware as Suggested by the Chemical Composition of the Fabric of the Vessels

Outline of the Geology of the Area Potter's Clay Pottery Fabrics Microscopy of Eastern Desert Ware LA-ICP Mass Spectrometry Material and Method Results Interpretation of the Results Hypothetical Production Areas Discussion

41

41 42 43 45 45 48 49 52 59 63 CHAPTER FOUR

The Use of Eastern Desert Ware as Suggested by Lipid Residues in the Walls of the Vessels

Archaeological Lipids Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Material Sample Preparation Analytical Methods General Observations Results Selected Case Studies Discussion

65

65 67 70 70 71 71 74 75 82

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Eastern Desert Ware

CHAPTER FIVE

The Eastern Desert and the Production of Eastern Desert Ware

The Eastern Desert The Beja Modern and Ancient Desert Dwellers Nomadic Pottey Production Chaîne Opératoire Pottery and People Discussion

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83 86 93 95 98 99 100 CHAPTER SIX

Interpretative Summary and Conclusions

Explanatory Models Analytical Data on Eastern Desert Ware Tentative Interpretation The Archaeology of Mobility Discussion and Final Conclusion

103

104 105 106 111 113 APPENDIX I

Initial Research Questions and Preliminary Answers by Selected Experts 116 APPENDIX II

List of Sites at which Eastern Desert Ware has been Described (1935-2002) 127 APPENDIX III

Historical Sources on the Blemmyes, the Beja, the Megabaroi and the Trogodytes 132 APPENDIX IV

Classification System for Eastern Desert Ware by Form (H) and Lay-out (D) 142 APPENDIX V

Catalogue of the Eastern Desert Ware Sherds and Vessels in this Study 148 APPENDIX VI

Outline of the Geology of the Eastern Desert 193

APPENDIX VII

Clay Minerals 196

APPENDIX VIII

Thin-Sections of Eastern Desert Ware 200

APPENDIX IX

Chemical Compositon of Selected Sherds 202

APPENDIX X

Biochemical Glossary 205

APPENDIX XI

Open Fire Temperature Measurements 212

APPENDIX XII

Preliminary Reports on Eastern Desert Ware (2002-2008) 217

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 218

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 223

REFERENCES 224

INDEX 236

iii

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