APPENDIX 1 C

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APPENDIX 1

C

ALIFORNIAN

R

EGULATION

1. L

OW

E

MISSION

V

EHICLE

P

ROGRAM

1 Table 1 – 50.000 mile/ 5 year certification gram/ mile standards for passenger car and LDT with

a gross vehicle weight < 3750 lbs.

Carbon Monoxide Nitro Oxygen PM NMOG HCHO Conventional car 3.4 0.4 0.08 0.25

TLEV 3.4 0.4 0.125 0.015

LEV 3.4 0.2 0.075 0.015

ULEV 1.7 0.2 0.04 0.008

Table 2 – 100.000 mile/ 10 year certification gram/mile standards for passenger car and LDT

with a gross vehicle weight < 3750 lbs.

Carbon Monoxide Nitro Oxygen PM NMOG HCHO Conventional car 4.2 0.6 0.031

TLEV 4.2 0.6 0.08 0.156 0.018

LEV 4.2 0.3 0.08 0.090 0.018

ULEV 2.1 0.3 0.04 0.055 0.011

Table 3 – 50.000 mile/ 5 year certification gram/mile standards for LDT with a gross vehicle

weight > 3750 lbs.

Carbon Monoxide Nitro Oxygen PM NMOG HCHO Conventional car 4.4 0.7 0.08 0.32

TLEV 4.4 0.7 0.160 0.018

LEV 4.4 0.4 0.100 0.018

ULEV 2.2 0.4 0.05 0.009

Table 4 – 100.000 mile/ 10 year certification gram/mile standards for LDT with a gross vehicle

weight > 3750 lbs.

Carbon Monoxide Nitro Oxygen PM NMOG HCHO Conventional car 5.5 0.97 0.40

TLEV 5.5 0.9 0.10 0.20 0.023

LEV 5.5 0.5 0.10 0.130 0.023

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The standards are based on the NMOG values of the identified vehicles types. These standards

are tightened every year. The next table presents the phase in period between 1994 and 2003. The

fleet average is the average value of the NMOG emission of the fleet. This is calculated by using

the percentage type of vehicles and the corresponding values. The table also incorporates the

ZEV program, which requires a 2% of the total fleet to be zero emission vehicles in 1998. The

number is italics represent the required percentages of vehicles types.

Table 5 – Phase in rates for TLEV, LEV, ULEV and ZEV in California between 1994 and 2003.

The NMOG values are in grams per mile. CV = conventional vehicle.

Type C V TLEV LEV ULEV ZEV fleet average*

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2. L

OW

E

MISSION

V

EHICLE

P

ROGRAM

2 The LEV 2 programs set emission limits for light duty trucks, passenger vehicles and medium

duty trucks. The standards for passenger vehicles and light duty trucks are the same. The

understanding table gives an overview of the emission standards of LDT’s (and passenger cars)

and two types of medium duty trucks.

Table 6. Emission Standards of Low Emission Vehicle Program effective in 2004. All values are

in gram per mile.

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Table 5. Phase in - rates for TLEV, LEV, ULEV, SULEV and ZEV. For passenger cars and light

duty trucks with a weight from 0 to 3750 lbs. Italic numbers in table are percentages. NMOG is

in gram /mile.

Type TLEV LEV ULEV SULEV ZEV Fleet Average Requirement Value NMOG 0,125 0,075 0,04 0,01 0 2004 2 48 35 5 10 0.053 2005 2 40 38 10 10 0.049 2006 2 35 41 12 10 0.046 2007 1 60 44 15 10 0.043 2008 1 25 44 20 10 0.04 2009 1 20 49 20 10 0.038 2010 1 15 49 25 10 0.035

Table 6. Phase in rates for TLEV, LEV, ULEV, SULEV and ZEV. Duty trucks with a weight from

3751 to 7300 lbs. Italic numbers in table are percentages. NMOG is in gram/mile.

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APPENDIX 2

U

NITED

S

TATES

R

EGULATION

1. T

IER

1 Table 1. Emission Standards for light duty vehicles and trucks.

Compliance 5 Years or 50.000 miles 10 Years or 100.000 miles

Type Gram/Mile Non-Diesel NMHC CO Cold CO NOx PM NMHC CO NOx PM LDV (0-3750 lbs.) 0.25 3.4 10 0.4 - 0.31 4.2 0.6 - LDV (3751-5750) 0.32 4.4 12.5 0.7 - 0.4 5.5 0.97 - Diesel LDT (0-3750 lbs.) 0.25 3.4 - 1 0.1 0.31 4.2 1.25 0.1 LDT (3751-5750) 0.32 4.4 - - 0.1 0.4 5 0.97 0.1 Heavy Light Duty Truck

LDT (3751-5750lbs) 0.32 4.4 - 0.7* - 0.46 6.3 0.98 0.1 LDT (>5750lbs) 0.39 5 - 0.1* - 0.56 7.3 1.53 0.12

*Not applicable to diesel fuelled trucks

2. N

ATIONAL

L

OW

E

MISSION

V

EHICLE

P

ROGRAM

Table 2. Emission Standard National Low Emission Vehicle Program.

Emission NMOG NOx CO

Type Model Year fleet average gram/mile gram/mile LDV and LDT 0-3750 lbs. 1999 0.148 0.2 3.4 2000 0.095 0.2 3.4 2001 0.075 0.2 3.4 LDT 3751-5750 lbs. 1999 0.19 0.4 4.4 2000 0.124 0.4 4.4 2001 0.1 0.4 4.4

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3. T

IER

2 Table 3. Light duty intermediate standard useful life (100000 mile) standard in gram/mile.

Bin NOx NMOG CO HCHO PM

10 0,4 0,125/0,160 3,4/4,4 0,015/0,018-- 9 0,2 0,075/0,014 3,4 0,015 -- 8 0,14 0,100/0,125 3,4 0,015 -- 7 0,11 0,075 3,4 0,015 -- 6 0,08 0,075 3,4 0,015 -- 5 0,05 0,75 3,4 0,015 --

Table 4. Light duty useful life standards (gram/mile).

Bin NOx NMOG CO HCHO PM

10 0,6 0,156/0,230 4,2/6,4 0,018/0,027 0,08 9 0,3 0,090/0,180 4,2 0,018 0,06 8 0,2 0,125/0,156 4,2 0,018 0,02 7 0,15 0,09 4,2 0,018 0,02 6 0,1 0,09 4,2 0,018 0,01 5 0,07 0,09 4,2 0,018 0,01 4 0,04 0,07 2,1 0,011 0,01 3 0,03 0,055 2,1 0,011 0,01 2 0,02 0,01 2,1 0,004 0,01 1 0 0 0 0 0

-

Bin 9 and 10 deleted at the end of model year 2006 (2008 for HLDTs)

-

The higher value in the table is for HLDTs

-

The higher values of NMOG is excluded in 2008 of bin 8

Table 5. Phase in Schedule of Tier 2 Standards

Phase in Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 NO x

% % % % % %

LDV/LLDT interim NLEV NLEV NLEV 75 max 50max 25 max 0,3

LDV/LLDT tier 2 25 50 75 100 100 100 0,07

HLDT interim TIER 1 TIER 1 TIER 1 25 50 75 100 50max 0,20

HLDR tier 2 50 100 0,07

MDPV interim HDE HDE HDE 25 50 75 100 50max 0,20

MDPV tier 2 50 100 0,07

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3. CAFE

S

TANDARDS

Table 7. CAFE standards in miles per gallon.

Year Cars LDT 2WD 4WD 1978 18.0 1979 19.0 17.2 15.8 1980 20.0 16.0 14.0 1981 22.0 16.7 15.0 1982 24.0 17.5 18.0 16.0 1983 26.0 19.0 19.5 17.5 1984 27.0 20.0 20.3 18.5 1985 27.5 19.5 19.7 18.9 1986 26.0 20.0 20.5 19.5 1987 26.0 20.5 21.0 19.5 1989 26.5 20.5 21.5 19.0 1990 27.5 20.0 20.5 19.0 1991 27.5 20.2 20.7 19.1 1992 27.5 20.2 1993 27.5 20.4 1994 27.5 20.5 1995 27.5 20.6 1996 27.5 20.7 2005 27.5 21.0 2006 27.5 21.6 2007 27.5 22.2 2008 27.5 22.5 2009 27.5 23.1 2010 27.5 23.5

4 WD = four wheel drive light duty trucks.

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APPENDIX 3

E

UROPEAN

R

EGULATION

Values listed in the tables new type approval emission limits (unless noted otherwise). In the Euro

3 stage, the durability of the cars was set at 80,000 kilometres or 5 years. The Euro 4 durability

was 100,000 or 5 years. The Euro 5 durability is proposed 160,000 kilometres of 5 years.

I

MPLEMENTATION DATES FOR NEW TYPE APPROVAL

Euro 1

- 1992 for passenger cars, 1994 for light duty trucks.

Euro 2

- 1996 for passenger cars, 1998 for light duty trucks.

Euro 3

- 2000 for passenger cars and light duty trucks with weight below 1305 kg. 2001

for all light duty trucks with weight above 1305 kg.

Euro 4

- 2005 for passenger cars and light duty trucks with weight below 1305 kg. 2006

for all light duty trucks with weight above 1305 kg

Euro 5

- 2009 for passenger cars, 2010 for light duty trucks

Euro 6

- 2014 for passenger cars, 2015 for light duty trucks

N

OTES ON THE

T

ABLES

The standard for direst injection (DI) in the Euro 2 standard, applies till 1999. After 1999, the

new vehicle must meet the indirect injection (IDI) standards. The standards on PM for petrol

vehicles apply only to vehicles which use direct injection technologies.

Table 1. Euro Standards for Passenger Cars in grams per mile for Diesel.

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Table 2. Euro Standards for Passenger Cars in grams per mile for Petrol.

CO HC HC +NOx NOx PM Euro 1 4.38 (5.09) 1.56 (1.82) - - Euro 2 3.54 0.80 Euro 3 1.61 0.13 Euro 4 1.61 0.10 Euro 5 1.61 0.10 0.01 Euro 6 1.61 0.10 0.01

Table 3. Standard Light Duty Diesel Truck with weight <1305 kg in grams per mile.

CO HC HC +NOx NOx PM Euro 1 4.38 1.56 0.23 Euro 2. IDI 1.61 1.13 0.13 Euro 2. DI 1.61 1.45 0.16 Euro 3 1.03 0.90 0.80 0.08 Euro 4 0.80 0.48 0.40 0.04 Euro 5 0.80 0.37 0.29 0.01 Euro 6 0.80 0.27 0.13 0.01

Table 4. Standard Light Duty Diesel Truck with weight 1305 – 1760 kg in grams per mile.

CO HC HC + NOx NOx PM Euro 1 8.32 2.25 0.31 Euro 2. IDI 2.01 1.61 0.19 Euro 2. DI 2.01 2.09 0.23 Euro 3 1.29 1.16 1.05 0.11 Euro 4 1.01 0.63 0.53 0.06 Euro 5 1.01 0.47 0.38 0.01 Euro 6 1.01 0.31 0.17 0.01

Table 5. Standard Light Duty Diesel Truck with weight > 1760 kg in grams per mile.

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Table 6. Standard Light Duty Petrol Truck with weight <1305 kg in grams per mile.

CO HC HC + NOx NOx PM Euro 1 4.38 1.56 Euro 2 3.54 0.80 Euro 3 3.70 0.32 0.24 Euro 4 1.61 0.16 0.13 Euro 5 1.61 0.16 0.10 0.01 Euro 6 1.61 0.16 0.10 0.01

Table 7. Standard Light Duty Petrol Truck with weight 1305 - 1760 k in grams per mile.

CO HC HC + NOx NOx PM Euro 1 8.32 2.25 Euro 2 6.44 1.05 Euro 3 6.71 0.40 0.29 Euro 4 2.91 0.21 0.16 Euro 5 2.91 0.21 0.12 0.01 Euro 6 2.91 0.21 0.12 0.01

Table 8. Standard Light Duty Petrol Truck with weight >1760 kg in grams per mile.

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APPENDIX 4

E

UROPEAN

E

MISSIONS

Table 1. Emission of transport sector in tonnes/year

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LIST OF ABRIVIATIONS

CO = Carbon Monoxide HC = Hydro Carbon NOx = Nitro Oxygen

LEV = Low Emission Vehicle

TLEV = Transitional Low Emission Vehicle ULEV = Ultra Low Emission Vehicle ZEV = Zero Emission Vehicle NMOG = Non Methane Organiz Gas SULEV = super ultra low emission vehicle EPA = environmental protection agency CO 2 = Carbon dioxide