FOOD PR OCESSING INDUSTR Y
IN SPAIN
Market Study
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Tom Vermeulen & Bo Machiels and Jany Van Zand Flanders Investment & Trade
Calle Antonio Maura 7 – 1 derecha 28014 Madrid
T +34 91 769 15 17 madrid@fitagency.com
April 2018
THE FOOD PROCESSING
INDUSTRY IN SPAIN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ... 4
2. Doing business in Spain ... 5
3. General overview of the Spanish food processing industry ... 6
4. Current situation in the food processing industry ... 7
4.1 Challenges in the food processing (machinery) industry 7 4.2 Current situation in the industry 8 5. Import and export ... 9
5.1 Import 10 5.2 Export 11 6. Trends in the food processing machinery industry ... 12
7. Leading companies ... 13
7.1 Food processing companies 13 7.2 Machinery maufacturing companies 15 8. Trade fairs and associations ... 16
8.1 National Trade Fairs 16 8.2 Associations 17 8.2.1 Amec: Multisectoral association 17 9. Conclusion ... 18
10. Bibliography ... 19
10.1 Sources 19
10.2 Figures and tables 21
1. INTRODUCTION
This market research is about the food processing machinery industry in Spain. It does not only give an overview of the food sector in the country, it also gives a clear view on the need for machinery and equipment in this sector, which is the main goal of this study.
In this research, you will first find a general overview of the market, then you will find information about the situation in the Spanish food processing industry: what are the challenges in the sector? What does Spain need, and what do the Spanish enterprises need? Another topic that is discussed in this research, is the import and export of food processing machinery and equipment, since this is an important factor for entrepreneurs who want to invest in Spain. Then the research goes deeper into detail on the innovations and developments in the sector, which are important topic when it comes to machinery and equipment.
Furthermore, the research gives you an idea about the trends in the food processing (machinery) sector.
In the end, you will find a list of leading companies in the food processing market and the machinery construction market, as well as some useful links.
A lot of desk research was done to complete this study, and a lot of sources were contacted. Also, local staff members of the office of Flanders Investment & Trade visited the Nutraceuticals business fair in Feria de Madrid to gain more information on the market and contacted several associations in this sector. Based on all this information, this market research provides information about the opportunities and threats on the market, challenges in this market and why it is interesting to do business in or with Spain when you are active in the food processing machinery and equipment sector.
2. DOING BUSINESS IN SPAIN
The economic situation of Spain is quite positive at this very moment. It seems like the country is finally recovering from its recent economic malaise and is getting more attractive to do business in again. The GDP of Spain is 1.163.662 million euro, and the projected growth of the country’s economy is 2.4% in 2018, and 2.1% in 2019. On the basis of GDP this makes Spain the 14th largest economy in the whole world.
Spain is a relatively easy country to do business in because the European regulations are applied. Secondly, the country ranks 28th out of 190 countries when it comes to the ease of doing business. Besides, the country has a normal commercial risk. This means the Spanish buyers have the payment capacity, even though there exists a certain laxity or slowness. Furthermore, the country has a very low political risk. It can be concluded that Spain is an attractive country to do business in.
The country imported goods for a total of €279,438 millions of goods in 2016 and exported for €259,658 million in that same year. There is almost a balance between import and export, which is good. It also traded a lot with Flanders in that year. Flanders exported goods for €7,505 millions to Spain, and imported for €7,078 million from Spain.1
The most promising sectors in Spain are currently logistics and transport, the creative industry (fashion, architecture, PR, …), food, tourism and hospitality, IT, healthcare, pharma and biotechnology.
The most important and biggest cities in Spain are Madrid (the capital), Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla and Zaragoza. This is something to take into account when doing business in the country. Furthermore, there are 17 regions in Spain that are all autonomous. They all have the same way of doing business, but small differences can occur from region to region.
The Spanish culture (black) in general can be compared to the Belgian culture (yellow), according to Geert Hofstede’s 6 dimensions model (figure 1)2. The biggest difference is in individualism and long-term orientation. Spain is, besides Portugal, the least individualistic country in Europe. Compared to the rest of the world, it still is a very individualistic country. The Spaniards think more in terms of “we” and “us” than Belgians.
1 Source: https://www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com/export/landen/spanje/cijfers
2 Source: https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/belgium,spain/
65 75
54
94 82
57
57 51 42
86
48 44
0 20 40 60 80 100
Belgium Spain
Figure 1: Hofstede 6 Dimensions Model - Comparison between Belgium and Spain, 2018
The long-term orientation is also a very significant difference between the two countries. Belgian people are more looking to the future and are planning everything in advance, while Spaniards live more in the moment and the rest will be dealt with “mañana”. This also counts for arranging business meetings. Most of the business meetings are planned at the very last minute.
The most common way to do business in Spain as a foreign enterprise is to collaborate with local distributors. They know the Spanish market best and they know how to push the products to the consumers. An important remark is the fact that the knowledge of foreign languages is limited, this even applies to English. When doing business in the country, it is recommended to bring a good translator during business meetings and to communicate as much as possible in Spain.
3. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE SPANISH FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
The food processing sector can be divided into seven sub-sectors. Each of these sub-sectors has its own needs and developments:
• Meat
• Bakery & patisserie
• Dairy
• Fish
• Preserving
• Olive oil
• Nutritional drinks
The Spanish food and beverage industry is – with a production of almost 94 billion euro – the most important industry for the Spanish economy, and one of the most important ones in Europe when it comes to production, employment and exports.
When it comes to the Spanish food processing equipment and machinery industry, one can say that this market is in the maturity phase, because the market is saturated. About 200 Spanish companies are active in this industry, with small and mid-sized companies that have the biggest market share. Most of these companies collaborate with bigger companies and/or multinationals. Therefore, it is important to continue providing a good client service and to provide technological improvements and innovations to maintain or even increase their market share. This means that the food processing industry requires a lot of machines and good equipment. Worth mentioning is the fact that Spain is well known for its technological solutions and constant innovation in the food processing industry and has one of the most modern food processing sectors in Europe. Furthermore, the Spanish food processing industry focusses on several topics such as food hygiene, functional design and integration, and machine safety.
Spain welcomes a lot of tourists every year. All these people try the Spanish cuisine, and they want to keep eating the ingredients when they are back home. This makes that Spain has to export a lot of its
food products. However, it is not only the food products that get exported, it is also the know-how about packaging, processing, cultivating, etc.
The machinery manufacturing sector for the food processing industry does not only provide the food sector as a whole, it also serves each sub-sector individually. This means that the food processing machinery industry gets its clients from every sub-sector. On top of selling the machinery and equipment, this sector also provides engineering services. Every single enterprise tries to stand out in the crowded market.
The Spanish sector is internationally known for its flexibility and adaptability to the trends and needs of the food and beverage production sector. It is an industry offering both tradition and a high level of technology, and in recent years it has invested heavily in innovation and specialization. Moreover, the country has one of the most modern food processing sectors in Europe and in the whole world.
4. CURRENT SITUATION IN THE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
4.1 CHALLENGES IN THE FOOD PROCESSING (MACHINERY) INDUSTRY
The first challenge in the food processing machinery industry is the food safety. This is the main issue in the global market because the consequences of failure can be really bad. First of all, the costs of it can be very high, and second of all, the public and customer confidence can decrease a lot. A lot of companies active in the sector receive product recalls, even though they are being very careful. Nowadays the consumers are more aware of these challenge and demands to improve the food safety.
Second of all, there is cost control and worker safety. These are both important issues for the sector.
Interviews with several food processing machinery manufacturers have shown that these are some of their biggest challenges & concerns. For the manufacturers automation and capacity expansion are very important, but the increase of automation in the food processing industry is a big challenge. They claim that the use of machinery while processing food adversely affects the quality of the products because the whole process goes a lot faster than it would go naturally. Also, the use of machinery takes away jobs, which are already scanty in the country. There will always be opposition on this topic.
Another challenge in the industry is the increasing demand for meat, poultry, dairy and seafood products.
Food processing (machinery) manufacturers must take these changes in account and respond to them.
This can be seen as an opportunity for companies who want to enter the market.
Furthermore, consumers are paying more attention to ecological issues on the ecology, and the cost of electricity is increasing a lot. Thus, food processing machinery enterprises are constantly challenged to find the best solution to process their food in the most sustainable way, so they can meet the demand of the consumers, while at the same time minimizing their energy coasts.
This goes along with the increasing need for organic food. Besides the fact that the organic food production industry has not grown a lot over the past year(s) in the domestic market and this market is quite saturated, natural and organic food are becoming more and more popular amongst Spanish consumers. This is something to keep in mind when you want to do business in Spain in this sector.
4.2 CURRENT SITUATION IN THE INDUSTRY
Even though there are some challenges in the food processing industry in Spain, the country has one of the most modern food processing sectors in Europe and in the world. The manufacturers are experts in quality, safety and traceability of the food products that they produce. Also, engineering has become more important the last few years. Engineers are actively integrated in the food processing (machinery) companies to maintain or improve the quality of the machines.
Figure 2 provides basic information on the food industry in Spain. In 2014, the meat industry was by far the biggest, most important and most competitive sector in the country. Because the sector is so big, there are a lot of opportunities for machinery manufacturers who are specialized in machinery for the meat industry.
3 Source: https://www.icex.es
Sector3 Net Sales
(Million euro) People employed
Meat industry € 19.499,00 € 101.306,00
Fish Processing € 4.107,00 € 22.622,00
Fruit and vegetable processing € 7.155,00 € 39.056,00
Manufacture of fats and oils € 8.427,00 € 14.716,00
Diary industry € 8.322,00 € 31.874,00
Milling products € 3.323,00 € 7.896,00
Animal feed products € 8.984,00 € 15.673,00
Bread, cakes and biscuits € 6.630,00 € 96.075,00
Sugar, chocolate and cocoa € 4.788,00 € 25.000,00
Other products € 4.827,00 € 28.486,00
Production of alcoholic beverages € 9.586,00 € 41.548,00
Mineral water and soft drinks € 4.519,00 € 1.558,00
Figure 2: Basic data on the food industry in Spain – ICEX, 2014
Figure 3 shows the revenue of the Spanish food processing machinery, which has always been quite stable.
The stability of this revenue is due to the maturity of this market and to the amount of companies that are active in the food processing machinery sector.4 It is expected to remain the same in the future, due to the lack of growth in the sector.
5. IMPORT AND EXPORT
Before going deeper into detail on the import and export of the food processing machinery, an overview of all the Spanish imports and exports is necessary to understand where the figures come from.
In 2017, Spain imported for approximately for 295 billion euro. This represents 2.2% of the total global imports. If you compare 2017 with 2016 there is a growth of more than 10%. The country’s most popular imported goods are:
- Vehicles: 13.1%
- Mineral and fuels (including oils): 13%
- Machinery (including food processing machinery): 9.9%
- Electrical Machinery: 7.9%
- Pharmaceuticals: 4.1%
The main import partners are: Germany, France, China, Italy, United States, United Kingdom and Portugal.
Spain exported for 270 billion euro in 2017. This is an increase of 16% compared to 2016. The country’s most popular exported goods are:
- Vehicles: 17.2%
- Machinery: 7.6%
- Mineral fuels (including oil): 7%
- Electrical machinery: 5.3%
- Plastics, plastic articles: 3.9%
Spain’s main export partners are: France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States, Morocco, China and Turkey.
4 Source: https://www.statista.com/forecasts/396659/spain-food-processing-machinery-manufacture-revenue-forecast-nace-c2893
1 653 1 592 1 701 1 536 1 636 1 651 1 417 1 397 1 392 1 411 1 444 1 418
2500 500750 1 0001 5001 2501 750 2 000
Revenue
Figure 3: Spain food processing machinery manufacture revenue (in million U.S.
dollars) - Statista
It can be concluded that machinery (in general) is a very important sector in Spain. A lot is imported and the country exports its machinery too. Of course, machinery is a broad concept, that is why this paper goes into more detail on the food processing machinery.
Spain is a country that trades a lot with other countries. Figure 4 shows that the country is getting strengthened its independence compared to a few years ago when it comes to the trade balance of the food industry machinery and equipment sector since the imports of the machines have decreased. To the contrary, the country started exporting its food processing machinery products in 2010. The underlying reasons are explained below.
5.1 IMPORT
Figure 4 states that the import of the food industry machinery and equipment sector decreased every year between 2007 and 2010. There are two theories for this significant decrease: the first is the fact that Spanish companies started manufacturing their own machines and even started exporting them. The only things they would need to import are components or engineers for the equipment. Another theory is the impact of the financial crisis that hit the country. The global financial crisis caused damage to the Spanish economy and every sector had to deal with the negative consequences, also the food processing machinery industry.
2007 2008 2009 2010
Exports 407 198 437 840 402 250 451 663
Imports 676 918 520 990 447 031 434 616
Balance -269 720 -83 150 -44 781 17 047
-400 000 -200 000 0 200 000 400 000 600 000 800 000
Spanish trade balance of the food industry machinery and equipment sector
Figure 4: Spanish trade balance of the food industry machinery and equipment sector (in € 000s) – ICEX, 2011
Figure 5: Import of Industrial Food Preparation Machinery in Spain - OEC, 20165
Year Total imports 2010 € 235,5 M
2011 € 237,2 M 2012 € 181 M 2013 € 217,1 M 2014 € 241,4 M 2015 € 230,5 M 2016 € 280,8 M
According to the Observatory of Economic Complexity, only the import of the industrial food preparation machinery started increasing again in 2012 (figure 5)6. This specific part of the food processing machinery industry followed the same trend as the whole food processing machinery industry, so it can be concluded that the whole industry follows the same trend. The last logic conclusion would be that the decrease of imports of industrial food preparation machinery in Spain is the consequence of both theories.
Even though the imports of food preparation machinery have known a lot of fluctuations, half of the imported industrial food preparation machinery has always come from Italy and Germany. The other countries that export their goods to Spain are mostly from the EU (the Netherlands, France, Denmark).
5.2 EXPORT
Spain exports its goods and services to a lot of countries all over the world, but its most important trading partners are European. (France, Portugal, United Kingdom, Germany and Italy). This is because it is still easier to do business in Europe than in the rest of the world due to exchange rates and a lot of trade obstacles. Despite all of this, they recently started trading more with Asian, African and Latin-American countries.
Machinery is one of the main export products of the country. It is a very big sector which can be divided into a lot of sub-sectors. Industrial food preparing machinery is one of them. This includes bakery, pasta making machinery, confectionery, chocolate manufacture and brewery machinery.7 According to OEC, the Observatory of Economic Complexity, the share of the industrial food preparation machinery represents 0.74% of all the country’s exports. This is quite a lot for a niche market. With this share, Spain provides 2.3% of the global industrial food preparation machinery trade.8
5 Source: https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/visualize/stacked/hs92/import/esp/show/8438/2002.2016/
6 These figures only cover the Industrial Food Preparation Machinery, which contains of bakery, pasta making machinery, confectionery, chocolate manufacture, brewery machinery
7 Source: https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/hs92/8438/
8 Source: https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/import/show/all/8438/2016/
Spain exports most of its industrial food preparation machinery to the United Stated (15%), followed by Mexico (6.5%), France (6%), Portugal (4.5%) and Italy (4%). The most popular products that are produced in Spain are olive oil, ham, sausages and black pudding, cheese and fruit and vegetables. These products are the most widely produced, which means the need for the right processing equipment and machinery is significantly higher than for other, less popular and less produced, products.
Over the past ten years the exports of the food processing machinery as a whole have known a growth of approximately 6.5%. This is about 5% higher than all of the other sectors in Spain, which shows that the internationalization of this sector is very rapid.
6. TRENDS IN THE FOOD PROCESSING MACHINERY INDUSTRY
The most important trend nowadays is the increasing use of automation and robotics in the food processing factories. They are used to increase the customer’s order fulfilment, the quality of the products and to have a higher throughput (time). The use of automation and roboties grew by 12% from 2017 until 2018. Another interesting trend is the emergence of the food safety testing market. Due to the increasing concern about food safety and the stricter legislation, the food safety testing services market is expected to grow 8% from 2017 until 2018.
Food processors also demand more flexibility of their machinery. They want to switch from one product, label, etc. to another, they also want an improved traceability in their production line because of the regular changes in customers’ demands. This means that the food processing machines manufacturers have to take this into account. This also leads to the increasing use of robotics and automation. Also, the new labeling, traceability of the products in the process and the sustainability are changing the machines in all the different stages of the food processing chain.
So, it is already clear that the food processing industry wants more automation. On top of that, the sector wants discrete controller systems and visualization systems, for example: HMI (Human Machine Interface) and MES (Manufacturing Executing System). A growth of approximately 7% is expected from 2017 until 2023 in the use of these types of systems. These systems are very helpful in food processing because they help to increase productivity and quality.
Furthermore, the foodproducts that are made in Spain often are protected designation of origin. There are very strict conditions for manufacturing these products: one of them is the fact that these products can only be manufactured in specific areas in Spain. The main goal of this designation of origin is to make sure that the authentic feeling and quality of the products are preserved.
It can be concluded that the food processing machinery industry is based on development and innovation programs. The most popular topics are: machine safety, food hygiene, functional design and integration, automation and control.
7. LEADING COMPANIES
7.1 FOOD PROCESSING COMPANIES
Company Website
Alcohol and non-alcoholic beverages
Estrella Galicia https://estrellagalicia.es
Estrella Damm https://www.estrelladamm.com
Félix solís http://www.felixsolis.com
Grupo el Gaitero https://www.sidraelgaitero.com
Sant Aniol Mineral Water http://www.santaniol.com
Sidra Mayador http://mayador.com
Canned vegetables, prepared dishes and others
Audens Food http://www.audensfood.com
Congelados de Navarra http://www.congeladosnavarra.com/es
GB Foods (Agrolimen) https://www.thegbfoods.com/es
Grupo Riberebro http://www.riberebro.com
Helios https://heliosdistricts.com
Litoral http://chil.me/spains-food-manufacturers/litoral
Dairy products, nuts and dried fruit
Almendras Llopis http://llopis.es
Capsa Food http://www.capsafood.com/es/
Facundo http://www.facundo.es/es/
Innolact http://www.quescrem.es/es/
Mantequerías arias https://arias.es
Quorum Internacional http://quoruminter.net
Quesos Corcuera http://www.corcuera.com
Meat products
Cinco Jotas https://www.cincojotas.es
Corporación Alimentaria Guissona http://www.cag.es
Cogal http://www.cogal.net
Elpozo http://www.elpozo.com
Embutidos Goikoa http://www.goikoa.com
Embutidos la Hoguera http://lahoguera.es/es
Frimancha http://www.frimancha.com
Incarlopsa http://www.incarlopsa.es
Jamones Aljomar http://www.aljomar.es
Olive oil
Aceites Valderrama http://www.valderrama.es
Acesur http://acesur.com
Finca Duernas http://fincaduernas.com
Morainsa http://morainsa.com
Mueloliva y Minerva https://www.mueloliva.es
Oleoestepa https://www.oleoestepa.com
Olivar de Segura http://www.olivardesegura.es
Suerte Alta http://www.suertealta.es
Olives and pickled vegetables
Aceitunas Torrent https://www.aceitunastorrent.com/es
Agro Sevilla http://www.agrosevilla.com/es
Ángel Camacho Alimentación https://www.angelcamacho.com/es/angel- camacho-alimentacion
Euroliva https://www.crespo-olives.com
Goya https://www.goya.com
Jolca http://www.jolca.es
Sea products
Dani group http://www.dani.es
Friobas Basilio http://www.friobas.com
Ortiz http://chil.me/spains-food-manufacturers/ortiz
Pescaviar https://pescaviar.es
Zarafish http://chil.me/spains-food-manufacturers/zarafish
Spices and sauces
Aliminter https://www.aliminter.com
Hijos de Salvador lópez http://hechoenlavera.com
Netasa http://www.lachinata.com
Verdú cantó Saffron Spain http://www.saffron-spain.com Sweet, chocolates and industrial bakery
Delaviuda https://delaviuda.com
Miel Feyce http://www.feyce.com
Natra http://www.natra.es/en/product
Panamar https://www.panamar.es
Valor https://www.valor.es
The meat sector is the biggest sub-sector followed by the olive oil sector and on the third place there are alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages and dairy products, nuts and dried fruit.
7.2 MACHINERY MAUFACTURING COMPANIES
Because of the large range of companies in this sector, a small selection has been made. The complete list of companies can be found at: http://www.amec.es/
Company Website Sector(s)
Ander Comercial elisseo
andujar www.andher.com Meat
Amebo Food Machinery http://www.amebofoodmachinery.com/es Meat Astech Food Machinery http://www.astech.es/es Fish
Dibal www.dibal.com Meat, Poultry, Dairy, Fruit,
Canned vegetables
Dinox www.dinox.es Meat, Poultry, Dairy, Fruit,
Canned vegetables
Fibran www.fibran.net General food
Hermasa http://www.hermasa.com/web/es Fish
Industries FAC http://www.industriasfac.com/ Meat
Inoxpa http://www.inoxpa.com Dairy
Linco Food Spain http://www.baader.com/en/baader_grou
p/worldwide/linco_food_systems_spain Poultry and fish
Mapanva http://www.mapanva.com Industrial Bakery
Marel https://marel.com poultry, meat and fish
Maquinaria Ferlo http://ferlo.com Sweet, chocolates and
industrial bakery
Maquinarias Vinas http://mvinas.com Sweet, chocolates and
industrial bakery
Metalquimia http://ca.metalquimia.com Meat
Nc Hyperbaric https://www.hiperbaric.com/es/ Non-alcoholic beverages, vegetables, fruit, meat, fish, sauces and dairy
Olives and Food
Machinery http://www.ofmsl.com General food
Sicmatech Food Machinery http://www.sicmatech.com General food
Sommetrade http://ezquerra.com/?lang=es Canned vegetables, prepared dishes and others
Talsabell https://talsanet.com General food
Ulma Packaging http://www.ulmapackaging.com Poultry, fruits and
vegetables, meat, dairy and fish-seafood
Viscofan http://www.viscofan.com/Pages/home.as
px Meat
8. TRADE FAIRS AND ASSOCIATIONS
8.1 NATIONAL TRADE FAIRS
Hispack-BTA-Tecnoalimentaria
This is an international exhibition of food technology and packaging.
Dates: May 8-11, 2018 Location: Barcelona Frequency: Every 3 years www.hispack-bta.com Intersicop
International exhibition of bakery, confectionery and related industries.
Dates: February 23 -26 2019 Location: Madrid
Frequency: Every 2 years
www.intersicop-madrid.ifema.es Enomaq
International exhibition of machinery and equipment for warehouses, bottling and oil.
Dates: February 26 – March 1 2019 Location: Zaragoza
Frequency: Every 2 years
https://www.feriazaragoza.es/enomaq-2019 Conxemar
International trade fair for frozen seafood.
Dates: October 2-4 2018 Location: Vigo (Spain) Frequency: Every year www.conxemar.com Foodtech
Meeting point for industry technicians, managers, and professionals who will discuss and disseminate new knowledge about biofilms.
Dates: May 8-11 2018 Location: Barcelona Frequency: Every 3 years
http://www.foodtech-barcelona.com/en/
8.2 ASSOCIATIONS
8.2.1 Amec: Multisectoral association AMEC
Gran Vía de les Corts Catalanes 684, Pral.
08010 Barcelona T (+34) 934 150 422 Partners:
http://www.amec.es/amec-50/
Members:
http://www.amec.es/?s=+&directorio_sectores=tecnologia-para-la-industria- alimentaria&post_type=directorio
Sectors:
• AMEC/ALIMENTEC
Spanish Food Processing Machinery Manufacturers’ Association www.amec.es/alimentec
• AMEC/AEFEMAC
Spanish Food Processing Machinery Manufacturers’ Association
(For the meat industry and related products). www.amec.es/aefemac
• AMEC/AFESPAN
Spanish Food Processing Machinery Manufacturers’ Association (For bakery and patisserie products). www.amec.es/afespan
9. CONCLUSION
Spain is a very interesting country to do business in. First of all because the economy is finally getting better again after a relatively long period of the instability. Also, the economic future of the country looks very positive both on short and long term. Because of the constant innovation and development in the food processing (machinery) industry, there are a lot of opportunities in this sector, even though the market is quite saturated.
An opportunity for Flemish companies in the sector is to bring their know-how and engineering skills to the country. In Spain, the food processing machinery manufacturers want to make sure they have the best quality, so it is definitely worth trusting them and working with them. There are a lot of players on this market, bigger ones and smaller ones, who can use a great partner for their machinery.
Furthermore, a lot of the Spanish food processing machinery manufacturers are part of an association, so they can rely on each other. They are not only competitors, they also work together in certain situations.
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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10.2 FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1: Hofstede 6 Dimensions Model - Comparison between Belgium and Spain, 2018 ... 5 Figure 2: Basic data on the food industry in Spain – ICEX, 2014 ... 8 Figure 3: Spain food processing machinery manufacture revenue (in million U.S. dollars) - Statista ... 9 Figure 4: Spanish trade balance of the food industry machinery and equipment sector (in € 000s) – ICEX, 2011 ... 10 Figure 5: Import of Industrial Food Preparation Machinery in Spain - OEC, 2016 ... 11
