Knocking on surfaces : interactions of hyperthermal particles with metal surfaces
Ueta, H.
Citation
Ueta, H. (2010, November 16). Knocking on surfaces : interactions of hyperthermal particles with metal surfaces. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16153
Version: Corrected Publisher’s Version
License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden
Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/16153
Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable).
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ߎߩⷐᣦߪޔ⧷⺆ߢߩⷐᣦࠍ⋥ធ⠡⸶ߒߚ߽ߩߢߪߥߊޔ೨ඨߪ╩⠪ߥࠅߦ ᐢߊ৻⥸ߩ⺒⠪ߦવࠊࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ߹ߚᓟඨߪฦ┨ߩⷐࠍㅀߴߚ߽ߩߢߔޕ
᳇ߣ࿕㕙ߩ㑆ߢߎࠆㆊ⒟ߪ⑼ቇᎿᬺᛛⴚߦ߅ߡᧄ⾰⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ
ࠆޕᧄඳ჻⺰ᢥߪߎߩ᳇㧙࿕㕙ߩ⋧↪ߦߟߡ⎇ⓥߒߚ߽ߩߢ
ࠆޕ᳇㧙࿕㕙ߩ⋧↪ߪඨዉ↥ᬺ߿ൻቇᎿᬺߦ㒢ߞߚ߽ߩߢߥ ߊޔりߩ࿁ࠅߢ߽ߎߞߡࠆޕ㊄ዻߩ⣣㘩߇ߘߩ৻ߢࠆޕ
න⚐ߥේሶ߿ੑේሶಽሶߩๆ⌕ޔᢔੂޔൻቇᔕߣߞߚၮ␆⊛ߥ᳇㧙
㕙ߩ⋧↪ߪⶄ㔀ߥߘࠇߩේဳߢࠅޔߘࠇࠄࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣߪࠃࠅⶄ 㔀ߥ♽ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ╙৻ᱠߢࠆޕ߹ߚޔㄭᐕᕆㅦߦ⊒㆐ߒߡࠆℂ⺰⸘▚⎇
ⓥߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ࡕ࠺࡞߇ᱜᒰߢࠆ߆ࠍ್ᢿߔࠆߢ߽ߘࠇࠄ ߩታ㛎⊛⎇ⓥߪᄢᄌ㊀ⷐߥ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
ၮ␆⊛ߥන⚐ේሶಽሶߣ㕙ߩ⋧↪ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߦߪޔ߆ߦࠃߊቯ
⟵ߐࠇߚ᧦ઙߢ⎇ⓥߢ߈ࠆ߆߇㊀ⷐߦߥࠆޕᧄඳ჻⺰ᢥߪޔኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ᳇
ߣ㕙߳ߩ࿐ߩ᳇ߩᓇ㗀߇ήⷞߢ߈ࠆⅣႺਅ㧔<10-7 Paߩ㜞⌀ⓨ㧕ߢޔ
᳇ߩ᧦ઙ㧔ⷺᐲ߿ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ㧕ޔ᷷ᐲޔ㕙᭴ㅧ߇ቯ⟵ߐࠇߚ᧦
ઙਅߢታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍㅀߴࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
᳇ߣ㕙ߩ⋧↪ߪ᳇ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡߦᒝߊଐሽߔࠆޕᧄ⎇ⓥߢ ߪ᳇ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ㧔Ei㧕߇ᾲࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ㧔Ei=10-100 meV㧕ࠃࠅ߽㜞ߊޔ ߆ߟ৻⥸⊛ߦ↪ࠄࠇࠆࠗࠝࡦࡆࡓࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ㧔Ei≥50 eV㧕ࠃࠅߪૐ
̌ᾲࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ㧔Ei=1-10 eV㧕̍ࠍ߽ߟ᳇ߣ࡞࠹࠾࠙ࡓ㧔Ru㧕ߩ(0001)㕙
߮㌁㧔Ag㧕ߩ(111)㕙ߩ⋧↪ߦὶὐࠍวࠊߖߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕߎߩᾲࠛ
ࡀ࡞ࠡߪޔ㕙ߦൻቇๆ⌕ߒߡࠆේሶ߿ಽሶߩๆ⌕ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡߣห╬߹
ߚߪᐞಽ㜞߇ޔ㊄ዻ㕙ߦ៊்ࠍਈ߃ߚࠅޔ࿕ౝㇱ߳ଚߢ߈ࠆ߶ߤ㜞 ߊߪߥߊޔ㕖Ᏹߦㄭ〒㔌ߦ߅ߡ㕙ߣ⋧↪ߔࠆޕ߹ߚޔߎߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ
㗔ၞߪ㜞᷷㜞ਅߢ⸅ᇦᔕࠍߎߔൻቇᎿᬺࡊࡠࠬ߿ᩭⲢวᔕߩ
ᔕἹౝߦ߅ߌࠆ᳇㧙㕙⋧↪ߦ߅ߡ․ߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜂ߁ޕ
ᧄඳ჻⺰ᢥߪၮ␆⊛ߥ᳇㧙㕙⋧↪ߩ৻ߟߢࠆ᳇ߩᢔੂㆊ⒟ࠍ ℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣߦ㊀ὐ߇⟎߆ࠇࠆޕᾲࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ᳇ࠍ↪ᗧߔࠆߎߣߪޔᓥ
᧪ߩ㖸ㅦಽሶ✢ᛛⴚ߿ࠗࠝࡦࡆࡓḮߢߪ㒢⇇߇ࠆޕᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪࠕࠢ
ࡊ࠭ࡑḮࠍዉߔࠆߎߣߢޔᾲࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ᳇ࠍ↪ᗧߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣ ߥࠅޔߎߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ᳇㧙㕙ߩ⋧↪ࠍ⎇ⓥߒߚޕㅀ ߩࠃ߁ߦᾲࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ᳇ߪ㕙ߣㄭ〒㔌ߢ⋧↪ߔࠆߚޔ᳇
ߪ㕙‛ᕈߣᷓߊ㑐ࠊߞߚߢᢔੂߔࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔ᳇ߩᢔੂᒝᐲⷺᐲ
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110
ಽᏓ߿㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡᢔㅺࠍ⚦ߦ⎇ⓥߔࠆߎߣߢޔ᳇㧙㕙ߩ
⋧↪ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ
ൻቇๆ⌕ࠍ㒰ߊߣޔ৻⥸⊛ߦ᳇ߣ㕙ߩ⋧↪ߪᒁജࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞
ᚭ㧔‛ℂๆ⌕㧕ߣᢺജࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆޕ╙ੑ┨ߣ╙ਃ┨ߪߎߩ ᢺജࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞⋧↪ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
╙ੑ┨ߪޔᷡᵺ߅ࠃ߮㊀᳓⚛ේሶๆ⌕ Ru(0001)㕙߆ࠄߩᾲࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ
Ar ේሶߩᢔੂߦߟߡㅀߴࠄࠇࠆޕ߹ߚޔߘࠇࠄߩ⚿ᨐߪᷡᵺ Ag(111)㕙 ߆ࠄߩ Ar ᢔੂߣᲧセߐࠇࠆޕᧄ⎇ⓥߢ↪ߚ Ar ߪޔᒁജࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᚭ ߩᓇ㗀ߪήⷞߢ߈ࠆ߶ߤ㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡࠍ߽ߞߡࠆߚߦޔਥߦ㕙ߩᢺ ജࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߣ⋧↪ߔࠆޕRu(0001)㕙ߣ Ag(111)㕙ߪේሶ㈩߇ห৻ߢ
ࠅޔ߆ߟ Ru ߣ Ag ේሶߩ⾰㊂ߦᄢ߈ߥᏅߪߥ㧔Ru:101ޔAg:108 amu㧕ޕ ߒ߆ߒޔRu ߣ Ag 㕙߆ࠄᢔੂߒߡ߈ߚ Ar ߩᢔੂᒝᐲߥࠄ߮ߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡಽ Ꮣߦᄢ߈ߥ㆑߇ࠇߚޕ߹ߚ㧘ߘࠇࠄታ㛎⚿ᨐߪ Ag(111)㕙߆ࠄߩ Ar ߩ ᢔੂߩಽሶേജቇࠪࡒࡘ࡚ࠪࡦ⚿ᨐߣᲧセߐࠇߚޕ⥝ᷓߎߣߦ㕙
᷷ᐲ 600 K ߢⴕߞߚ Ar-Ag(111)ታ㛎⚿ᨐߪࠪࡒࡘ࡚ࠪࡦ⚿ᨐߣቯᕈ⊛ߦ
৻⥌ߒޔ৻ᣇߢ Ar-Ru(0001)ߩታ㛎⚿ᨐߪ 0 K ߦ߅ߌࠆࠪࡒࡘ࡚ࠪࡦ⚿ᨐ ߣቯᕈ⊛ߦ৻⥌ߔࠆޕߎࠇࠄੑߟߩ㊄ዻ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆታ㛎⚿ᨐߩ㆑ߦߪ
㕙ේሶߩ㈩߿⾰㊂ߛߌߢߥߊޔ㕙ߩ̌ၷߐ̍߇ Ar ේሶߣߩ⋧↪ߦᄢ ߈ߊነਈߒߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ߹ߚޔRu 㕙ߩၷߐߪ᳓⚛ේሶ߇ ๆ⌕ߔࠆߎߣߢޔ৻ጀ㜞߹ࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ
╙ਃ┨ߪᾲࠛࡀ࡞ࠡAr ේሶߣ CO 㘻ๆ⌕ Ru(0001)㕙ߣߩ⋧↪
ߦߟߡㅀߴࠄࠇࠆޕAr ⴣ⓭ߦࠃߞߡ CO ߩ⣕㔌߇ᒁ߈ߎࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ ߦߥߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔCO ห჻߇ኒߦๆ⌕ߒߡࠆߚߦޔAr ߪਅ߳ଚߔ ࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒߊޔ࿐ߩ CO ߩᓇ㗀ߦࠃߞߡ Ar ⴣ⓭ߦࠃࠆ⣕㔌ߪߥ߆ߥ߆
ߎࠄߥޕ߹ߚ Ar ߣ CO ߩ⋧ኻ⾰㊂Ꮕ߇ዊߐߚߦޔAr ේሶ߆ࠄ CO ๆ⌕
㕙߳ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ⒖േߪ㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ޕAr ේሶߣ CO ๆ⌕㕙ߩ⋧↪
ߪޔAr ⴣ⓭ߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈ߎߐࠇࠆ CO ⣕㔌ߩⷰὐߣޔߘࠇࠍផㅴߔࠆ Ar ߩ ᢔੂߩⷰὐߩਔᣇ߆ࠄ⺞ߴࠄࠇߚޕ
╙྾┨ߢߪߘࠇ߹ߢㅀߴߚᢺജࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞⋧↪ߛߌߢߥߊޔൻቇๆ
⌕ᔕߦ߽⌕⋡ߔࠆޕRu ࠍᄙߊߩ㊄ዻᦨኒ㕙ߢߩ᳓⚛ߩๆ⌕ߪᵴᕈ ൻ㓚ოࠍਸ਼ࠅ߃ߡߎࠆ⸃㔌ๆ⌕ߢࠆ㧔෩ኒߦߪ Ru(0001)㕙ߦ߅ߡ ߪޔᵴᕈൻ㓚ოߥߒߩ⸃㔌ๆ⌕߽␜ໂߐࠇࠆ㧕ޕ⸃㔌ߒߚ᳓⚛ߪൻቇๆ⌕ߔ ࠆޕ╙྾┨ߢߪޔߎߩ᳓⚛ߩ⸃㔌ๆ⌕ㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆ CO ߩᓇ㗀ߦߟߡ⺞ߴ ࠄࠇߚޕCO ๆ⌕ߪ᳓⚛ߩ⸃㔌ๆ⌕ᔕࠍᛥߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ߹
ߚޔߘߩ CO ๆ⌕ߦࠃࠆᔕ㒖ኂߪ㕖Ᏹߦዪᚲ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ ߦߥߞߚޕ
╙┨ߢߪ Ag(111)㕙߆ࠄߩᾲࠛࡀ࡞ࠡࠍ߽ߞߚ N ේሶߣ Ar ේሶߩ ᢔੂ⚿ᨐࠍᲧセߒߚޕAr ߪൻቇ⊛ߦਇᵴᕈߥ᳇ߥߩߢޔAg 㕙ߣߩ⋧
↪ߪ‛ℂๆ⌕ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߢࠆ߇ޔN ේሶߪൻቇ⊛ߦ㕖Ᏹߦᵴᕈߢࠅޔ ൻቇๆ⌕ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߣ⋥ធ⋧↪ߔࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔ‛ℂๆ⌕ߥࠄ߮ߦൻቇ ๆ⌕⋧↪ࠍੑ⒳㘃ߩൻቇ⊛ߦᵴᕈᐲߩ⇣ߥࠆේሶߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ⺞ᩏߒߚޕ Ar ߣ N ේሶߩᢔੂᒝᐲߥࠄ߮ߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡⷺᐲಽᏓߢᄢ߈ߥ㆑߇ࠄࠇߚޕ NߩᢔੂⷺᐲಽᏓߪ Ar ߩߘࠇߣᲧߴߡ㕖Ᏹߦᐢޕ߹ߚޔේሶߣ㕙
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111
ේሶߣߩ⋧ኻ⾰㊂ࠍ⠨ᘦߦࠇࠆߣޔN ߪ Ar ࠃࠅ߽㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ
⒖േ߇ᄢ߈ߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕߎࠇࠄߩ⚿ᨐߪੑ⒳㘃ߩේሶߩ̌
ࠆ̍㕙߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣߦ࿃ߔࠆޕ
╙┨ߪᾲࠛࡀ࡞ࠡࠍ߽ߞߚ NޔN2ߣ N ๆ⌕ Ag(111)㕙ߩ⋧↪
ࠍㅀߴࠄࠇࠆޕN ේሶߪ╙┨ߢㅀߴࠄࠇߚࠃ߁ߦൻቇ⊛ߦ㕖Ᏹߦᵴᕈߢ
ࠆޕ৻ᣇߢޔN2ߪ㕖Ᏹߦਇᵴᕈߥಽሶߢࠅ⋧↪ߪਥߦᢺജࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ
࡞ߢࠆޕN ๆ⌕ Ag 㕙߆ࠄߩ N ේሶߣ N2ಽሶߩᢔੂᒝᐲ߅ࠃ߮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ
ⷺᐲಽᏓߪޔᷡᵺ㕙߆ࠄߩߘࠇࠄߣᲧセߐࠇߚޕవߕޔN ේሶߩᢔੂ⚿
ᨐߦߟߡㅀߴࠆޕᷡᵺ߅ࠃ߮ N ๆ⌕㕙߆ࠄߩ N ේሶߩᢔੂ⚿ᨐߪห᭽ߥ
߽ߩߢࠅޔN ᢔੂᒝᐲⷺᐲಽᏓߪಽᏓ߇㕖Ᏹߦᐢߊޔࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ⒖േߪ ᢔੂⷺᐲ f≥75°ࠍ㒰ߡޔන⚐ߥੑⴣ⓭ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ੍᷹ߣห⒟ᐲ߆⧯ᐓߘࠇ એߢࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚޕᰴߦ N2ಽሶߩᢔੂ⚿ᨐߦߟߡㅀߴࠆޕᷡᵺ
㕙߆ࠄߩ N2ᢔੂⷺᐲಽᏓߪ 40° < f > 80°ߢᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ㏜㕙ⷺᐲઃㄭߦᦨ ᄢ୯ࠍ߽ߟ㍈߽ߩߢࠅޔ߹ߚ㕙ߢߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ៊ᄬߪ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐ߽
ߩߢࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕN ๆ⌕㕙߆ࠄߩ N2ᢔੂᒝᐲⷺᐲಽᏓߪᷡ
ᵺ㕙߆ࠄߩߘࠇࠃࠅ߽ᦨᄢ୯߇㜞ߊ㍈ߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕޔⷺᐲಽᏓߪ⸘᷹ߐ ࠇߚ 0° < f > 80°ߦࠊߚߞߡᒻᚑߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚޕߎߩ 0° < f > 40°ߢ
⸘᷹ߐࠇߚ N2ᚑಽߪ N2ߩᓟᣇᢔੂߦࠃࠆน⢻ᕈߣޔ N㧞ߣߣ߽ߦ
ߐࠇࠆ N ේሶߣ㕙ๆ⌕ N ේሶߣ㑆ߢ߈ࠆᒁ߈ᛮ߈ᔕߣ߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ
⼏⺰ߐࠇߚޕ
