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Technical Report on Waste Management in Europe: an integrated economic and environmental assessment | RIVM

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(1)research for man and environment. RIJKSINSTITUUT VOOR VOLKSGEZONDHEID EN MILIEU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT. RIVM report 481505017 Technical Report on Waste management in Europe: an integrated economic and environmental assessment C. Sedee, J. Jantzen, B.J. de Haan, D.W. Pearce, A. Howarth May 2000. This Report has been prepared by RIVM, EFTEC, NTUA and IIASA in association with TME and TNO under contract with the Environment Directorate-General of the European Commission. RIVM, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, telephone: 31 - 30 - 274 91 11; telefax: 31 - 30 - 274 29 71.

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