Herexamen Engels

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HEREXAMEN VWO ENGELS 2015

MINISTERIE VAN ONDERWIJS, WETENSCHAP EN CULTUUR

UNIFORM HEREXAMEN VWO 2015

VAK : ENGELS

DATUM : 22 JULI 2015 TIJD : 10.15U- 12.45U

Aantal opgaven bij dit vak : 3 TEKSTEN EN 13 OPEN VRAGEN Aantal pagina‟s : 7

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TEXT I:

Not Without My Son

Two mice fall into a bucket of cream. The first one gives up early and dies. The second one keeps thrashing about till one day, the cream turns into butter and it crawls out. Few years ago, Hamid Ansari narrated this short story to an auditorium full of school dropouts in Mumbai. Today, his mother is the second mouse.

For over two years now, Fauzia Ansari has been desperately burrowing through a series of 5

tough hearts on both sides of the border to find her son, Hamid. In November 2012, Hamid had set off to meet a girl in Kohat near Peshawar that he had fallen in love with online. On the pretext of a job interview at Kabul airport, the then 27-year-old management graduate flew to Afghanistan and later illegally entered Kohat. Here, after checking into a hotel on November 14, 2012, he disappeared. It was only recently that the Pakistani police admitted 10

that Hamid had been arrested by the local police on the information of Inspector Naeem Ullah of Intelligence Bureau, Kohat. Naeem Ullah then whisked him away after which his whereabouts are unknown. “I still don't know whether my son is dead or alive,” says Ansari, a 54-year-old Hindi professor. “At least, in death, there is certainty.”

When she last spoke to Hamid on November 10, he was in Kabul. “He told me he was 15

returning on November 15 and I asked him to bring saffron,” says the mother, who did not hear from him for two days. Her elder son, Khalid, suggested going through his Facebook profile. “Till then, I didn‟t even know what Facebook meant,” says the professor, who found his chats here with three Pakistanis including Atta-ur Rehman, Abdullah Khatak and Dr Shazia Khan, about life, the girl and the trip. None of them answered Ansari's calls. “Now I 20

am on Facebook only for my son. I‟ve heard that it has reunited many families.”

In a nightie and red dupatta, she sits on a sofa in her Versova home, resting her fractured left foot on a plastic stool. Two months ago, her calf and ankle bones were fractured after a fall on a Delhi road, where she had gone for a Supreme Court hearing. “From head to toe, I have

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changed,” says Ansari, of her life since 2012. “Top is white,” she says, pointing to her hair. 25

“Bottom is black,” indicating her leg brace.

In these two years, the frantic mother has approached everyone “from the local police station to the UN”. She has written to everyone from Krishna Hegde (who had helped bring back Mumbai engineer Bhavesh Parmar from Pakistan) to Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Her first stop was lawyer Majeed Memon. “He charges in lakhs,” says a disappointed Ansari. 30

While earlier, Ansari and her banker husband would fly down to Delhi for their visits to the Supreme Court, Ministry of External Affairs and the Pakistan High Commission, today they travel by Garib Rath Express. “We have become bankrupt,” says Ansari, whose husband had to opt for voluntary retirement to join the search. “He gets angry at me,” says Ansari, who has not only sold off gold jewellery to fund travel expenses and lawyers‟ fees but also fallen prey 35

to opportunists who promised to introduce her to ministers in Delhi, only to travel and stay there on her dime.

„Desperate‟ is the word she uses to describe herself in her myriad letters to MPs and MLAs such as Priya Dutt and Gurudas Kamat. Desperation was what made her interrupt the launch of lawyer Aweis Sheikh‟s book on Sarabjit Singh, when she heard guests wax eloquent on 40

friendly relations, Ansari stood up and screamed, “This is all fake. If this is true, why don‟t you help me find my son?” Several visiting cards flew her way that day. “When I called them, nothing,” says Ansari. Recently, she dragged her husband to a Pakistani cultural fair in Mumbai. On display were salwar suits with intricate embroidery that, in a different time, would have easily distracted her. “But I was only there for my son,” says Ansari, choking 45

back tears at the memory of going from stall to stall with just one question — “Where are you from?”

She doesn‟t have too many photos of her handsome younger son but he appears in her dreams often. To seek her nod for the fake interview in Kabul, Hamid had used big words. “Aap meri tarakki ki raah mein rukawat daal rahe ho,” he told Ansari and she had melted eventually. 50

Unlike her quiet, studious elder son, Khalid, Hamid was a riot. He wouldn‟t mind shouting from three storeys below, “Keep the toilet door open. I am coming,” and Ansari, would stand embarrassed by the window, the same window she recently considered jumping out of.

September 16 was one of her darkest days. She missed the birthday boy. Eating aloo parathas, opening Hamid‟s cupboard, looking at his Honda bike — everything stung. Ansari 55

wonders how Hamid, a fussy eater and a vegetarian by choice, must be managing in prison. “He could not even use just any toilet,” recalls Ansari.

Incidentally, Ansari‟s elder son‟s marriage had been fixed for December 2012, but then he insisted that he would marry only when his brother arrived. He is 31 and still single. “I have stopped believing in plans,” says Ansari, but she still has faith in God. It was while praying 60

for an angel during a holy pilgrimage in 2013 that she got a call from Zeenat Shehzadi, a young journalist from Lahore who asked Ansari to give her a power of attorney. Human Rights activist Jas Uppal of the UK had briefed Shehzadi on Hamid's case. The journalist has since made several trips to local police stations and even been to the girl's house in Kohat,

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over eight hours away from Lahore. “Her father told Zeenat that the girl had been married 65

off,” says Ansari. Once, Ansari sent Shehzadi an email meant for Atta-ur Rehman. “You are like my son,” Ansari pleaded in the letter hoping he would tell her where Hamid was. “You have lost your one son. At least protect the other one,” was the reply.

So far, Ansari must have entered the chamber of the Supreme Court over 20 times now, each time drawing strength from the slogan on display, „Satyameva Jayate‟ ( Truth alone 70

triumphs). “I believe in our government and our judiciary,” says Ansari, though her patience is running out. On several occasions in the last two years, she has faulted her own parenting. On others, she has wondered why her son, who would share everything, did not confide in her. “He committed a mistake, not a crime,” says Ansari. “His life should not to be spent in prison.” The American government, she has read, comes to the rescue of its citizens abroad. 75

“Why can't both our governments even talk on the phone?” asks Ansari, who is usually sent back from government office saying, „We will write a letter.‟

Today, her file cabinet is full of letters, which she now uses a walker to get to. “God is asking you to sit down and rest,” her colleagues say, referring to Ansari's fractured leg. “I still have a computer,” Ansari tells them. In the course of this interview, Ansari dismisses two 80

calls from her 85-year-old mother. Ansari knows she will probably ask about her leg, her physiotherapy session and whether she had eaten. “Mothers,” she says.

By Sharmila Ganesan Ram; Slightly adapted from TNN, January 11, 2015

TEXT II: Indigenous Leader Murdered Before He Could Attend Climate

Summit

Days before José Isidro Tendetza Antún was supposed to travel to the UN Climate Summit in Lima to publicly file a complaint against a massive mining operation, he went missing. Now, the Guardian reports that the body of the Shuar indigenous leader has been found, bound and buried in an unmarked grave on the banks of the Zamora River. A well-known leader of the local Shuar communities, Tendetza Antun was also a vocal critic of a Chinese-operated 5

Mirador mine in Ecuador's remote, and hugely biodiverse, Cordillera del Condor region. Indigenous leaders believe Tendetza Antún was murdered for his activism against the Mirador project. "His body was beaten, bones were broken," another Shuar leader, Domingo Ankuash, told the Guardian. "He had been tortured and he was thrown in the river...This is a camouflaged crime. In Ecuador, multinational companies are invited by the government and 10

get full state security from the police and the army. The army and police don‟t provide protection for the people, they don't defend the Shuar people. They've been bought by the company."

Ankuash said that before the murder, unnamed assailants had already destroyed Tendetza Antún's house and burned his farm to the ground. The Shuar are the second largest 15

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indigenous group in Ecuador, which in recent years has been viewed as backpedaling on environmental protections and indigenous rights.

Sitting in what is believed to be one of the most biodiverse places on the planet, the Mirador open pit mine would result in the destruction of nearly 10,000 hectares of forest for mostly copper, but also gold and silver. The planned mega-mine is considered one of the largest 20

untapped copper deposits in the world and is expected to deliver 2.9 million tonnes of copper in total if exploited.

According to the Global Forest Watch, 96 percent of the Zamora-Chinchipe Province was covered in forest in 2000, totaling over a million hectares of forest. Between 2001 and 2012 the province lost 16,320 hectares from 2001 to 2012 when analyzing ten percent forest cover. 25

This equals a total loss of 1.5 percent during the twelve year study.

Forest loss across the whole state of Ecuador was similar. The country lost more than 450,000 hectares of forest between 2001 to 2012, representing a total loss of 1.7 percent during the twelve years at the ten percent forest cover level. The Latin American country is covered in over 25 million hectares of forest.

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The Mirador mine project was originally operated by a Canadian company, Ecuaorriente (ECSA). But in 2010, the company was purchased by the China Railway Construction Corporation and the Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holding Company. Ecuador granted the project an environmental license in 2012 including a 60 year operating lease.

The Environmental Impact Assessment found that if allowed to go ahead the six planned 35

open mines could result in the extinction of three frogs--the Kingsbury's rocket frog (Allobates kingsburyi), Pristimantis incomptus, and Pristimantis rhodostichus--and one reptile: the red-throated wood lizard (Enyalioides rubrigularis).

Local communities are also concerned about the threat of water pollution from mine waste. Tendetza Antún disappeared on November 28th on his way to a meeting with government 40

officials regarding the Mirador mining project. He was scheduled to leave for the UN Climate Summit in Lima on December 2nd where he would have filed against the mining project at the Rights of Nature Tribunal organized by NGOs. But he never showed up. His body was found in an unmarked grave on December 4th and identified by his son via photographs. This morning in Lima, the Ecuadorian sub-secretary for the environment, Andres Hubenthal, 45

said the government would conduct a thorough investigation into Tendetza Antún's death. Risks appear to be rising for indigenous leaders and environmental activists. A report earlier this year found that 908 environmental activists had been murdered between 2002 and 2013, though many unstable countries were left out of the accounting due to a lack of data. Earlier in the year, four indigenous leaders, including internationally known Edwin Chota Valera, 50

were assassinated in Peru, allegedly for opposing illegal logging on their land. Slightly adapted from mongabay.com; by Jeremy Hance; December 08, 2014

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TEXT III: Fears Persist That Violence Against Albinos In Tanzania Will

Grow

The boy was just a year old when five men with machetes snatched him from his home. Two days later, the police found his body with the arms and legs lopped off. The reason for the atrocity? The baby‟s pale skin marked him as an albino, and, where he lived in southeast Africa, albinos are at risk because their body parts are used for witchcraft. They also face discrimination and are often shunned as outcasts.

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The abduction, killing and mutilation of the child, Yohana Bahati, in the Geita region of northwestern Tanzania last weekend sent a chill of revulsion across the globe. “Violence and discrimination against people with albinism must be halted,” the United Nations high commissioner for human rights, Zeid Ra‟ad al-Hussein, said in a statement from his office in Geneva on Thursday, calling the killing “horrific.”

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But the fear persists that, with Tanzanian elections set for October, the risk to the country‟s albinos will grow as politicians turn to witchcraft to enhance their prospects. “This is the year of elections in Tanzania and, as some analysts have suggested, it could be a dangerous year for people living with albinism,” Alvaro Rodriguez, the United Nations‟ ranking official in Tanzania, warned on Wednesday.

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Since 2000, according to United Nations estimates, 75 albinos have been killed and the frequency of attacks on them seems to be increasing. In the past two months, three such attacks have been reported. In December, a 4-year-old girl, Pendo Emmanuelle Nundi, was taken by an armed gang. She has not yet been found.

Witch doctors will pay as much as $75,000 for a complete set of albino body parts, according 20

to a recent report from the Red Cross. The persecution of albinos has been a longstanding feature of life in parts of Tanzania, and advocacy groups complain that the authorities, despite a recent ban on witchcraft, have shown little interest in curbing the lucrative trade in body parts.

“These attacks are accompanied by a high degree of impunity,” Mr. Rodriguez said, 25

according to Agence France-Presse, “and while Tanzania has made efforts to combat the problem, much more must be done to put an end to these heinous crimes and to protect this vulnerable segment of the population.”

Vicky Ntetema, executive director of Under the Same Sun, a Canadian nonprofit working to defend albinos, told Reuters: “There‟s absolutely no political will among leaders to end these 30

macabre killings.” She said family members were often linked to abductions.

“Albinism is not a disease,” she said. “People must understand albinos are normal people like everyone else, and the government has a role to play to ensure this education reaches many people since most of the killings involve members of the family.”

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Albinism is a hereditary genetic condition that causes an absence of pigmentation in the skin, 35

hair and eyes and is often linked by researchers to inbreeding. It is particularly prevalent in Tanzania, affecting one person in 1,400, compared with one in 20,000 in the West.

After the abduction of the baby last weekend, his mother was taken to a hospital to be treated for cuts to her face and arms inflicted as she sought to shield the baby from the attacks, news reports said. The police were said to be questioning the baby‟s father, but no charges have 40

been filed.

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QUESTION SHEET

Answer the questions in complete sentences using your own words as far as possible. TEXT 1:

Not Without My Son

1. What was the lesson that Hamid wanted to teach the school dropouts?

2. Compare paragraph 2 and 3. (ll. 5- 21: “For …families.”) What do these paragraphs illustrate with regard to the Internet?

3. Did people take advantage of Ansari‟s desperation? Motivate your answer. 4. Mention the contrast in paragraph 6. (ll. 38- 47: “ „Desperate‟ … from?”) 5. See ll. 67-68: “You … one”. What can be concluded from this reply?

TEXT 2: I

ndigenousLeader Murdered Before He Could Attend Climate

Summit

6. Mention the irony in paragraph 2. (ll. 7- 13: “ Indigenous … company.”) 7. Why is the Mirador Mine of great importance to the multinationals? 8. What are the concerns with regard to the Mirador mining activities? 9. What does the last paragraph illustrate?

TEXT 3:

Fears Persist That Violence Against Albinos In Tanzania Will

Grow

10. Mention the risks albinos in southeast Africa face and explain why they face these risks.

11. What does paragraph 4 illustrate? (ll. 16-19: “Since … found”.)

12. a. What is the misconception among the Tanzanians with regard to albinism? b. How can this misconception be countered?