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Country of Origin Information

Vogelaar, F.G.H.W.

2020

document version

Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Link to publication in VU Research Portal

citation for published version (APA)

Vogelaar, F. G. H. W. (2020). Country of Origin Information: The Essential Foundation for Fair and Credible

Guidance for Decision-making on International Protection Needs.

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UNHCR’s activities for refugee law promotion, dissemination and training’ EC/SCP/91 (September 1995)

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UNHCR 2009: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Sri Lanka’ (April 2009)

UNHCR 2009: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Afghanistan’ (July 2009)

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UNHCR 2009: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Global Trends 2009’ (2009)

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UNHCR 2010: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Afghanistan’ UN doc HCR/EG/AFG/10/04 (17 December 2010)

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ENG/REV.3 (1979, reissued 2011)

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UNHCR 2013: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Afghanistan’ UN doc HCR/ EG/AFG/13/01 (6 August 2013)

UNHCR 2014: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Position on Returns to Southern and Central Somalia’ (17 June 2014)

UNHCR 2016: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Afghanistan’ UN doc HCR/EG/AFG/16/02 (19 April 2016)

UNHCR 2018: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Afghanistan’ (August 2018)

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UNHRC 2015: UN Human Rights Council, ‘Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan and on the achievements of technical assistance in the field of human rights in 2014’ UN doc A/HRC/28/48 (January 2015)

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UNHRC 2015: UN Human Rights Council, ‘Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences Addendum: Mission to Afghanistan’ UN doc A/HRC/29/27/ Add.3 (May 2015)

UNHRC 2016: UN Human Rights Council, ‘Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan and on the achievements of technical assistance in the field of human rights in 2015’ UN doc A/ HRC/31/46 (February 2016)

UNICEF 2014: United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), ‘Children and Women in Afghanistan: A Situation Analysis 2014’ (November 2014) UNICEF 2015: UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), ‘Child Notice Albania’ (July 2015)

UNSC 2016: UN Security Council, ‘Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo’ UN doc S/2016/666 (July 2016)

UNSG 2016: UN Secretary-General, ‘The Situation in Afghanistan and Its Implications for International Peace and Security’ UN doc A/70/775–S/2016/218 (March 2016)

UNSC 2016: UN Security Council, ‘Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo’ UN doc S/2016/407 (April 2016)

European Union Documents

EASO 2012: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country Of Origin Information Report Methodology’ (July 2012)

EASO 2016: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan, Recruitment by armed groups’ (September 2016)

EASO 2017: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan, Individuals targeted by armed actors in the conflict’ (December 2017)

EASO 2017: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan, Individuals targeted under societal and legal norms’ (December 2017)

EASO 2017: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan, Security situation’ (December 2017)

EASO 2018: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan, Networks’ (February 2018)

EASO 2018: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan, Security Situation – Update’ (May 2018)

EASO 2018: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘Country Guidance: Afghanistan, Guidance Note and Common Analysis’ (June 2018)

EASO 2019: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘Country Guidance: Nigeria, Guidance Note and Common Analysis’ (February 2019)

EASO 2019: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan, Key socio-economic indicators, state protection, and mobility in Kabul City, Mazar-e Sharif, and Herat City’ (April 2019)

EASO 2019: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘Country Guidance: Iraq, Guidance Note and Common Analysis’ (June 2019)

EASO 2019: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan, Security Situation – Update’ (June 2019)

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EASO 2019: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘EASO Country Of Origin Information Report Methodology’ (June 2019)

EASO 2019: European Asylum Support Office (EASO), ‘Country Guidance: Afghanistan, Guidance Note and Common Analysis’ (June 2019)

EU 1992: Council of the European Union, ‘Council Resolution of 30 November 1992 on Manifestly Unfounded Applications for Asylum (“London Resolution”)’ (November 1992) EU 1992: European Council, ‘Decision setting up the CIREA (Centre for Information,

Discussion and Exchange on Asylum)’ WGI 1107 (1992)

EU 1994: Council of the European Union, ‘Guidelines for Joint Reports on Third Countries’ OJ C 274/52 – 274/55 (June 1994)

EU 1994: Council of the European Union, ‘Circulation and confidentiality of joint reports on the situation in certain third countries’ OJ C 274 (June 1994)

EU 1998: Council of the European Union, ‘Council Conclusions on the Asylum and Migration Task Force at the 2148th Council Meeting General Affairs’ C/98/431 (December 1998) EU 1999: Advisory Council of International Affairs, Asylum Information and the European

Union, ‘Advice nr. 8’ (July 1999)

EU 2005: European Council, ‘The Hague Programme: Strengthening Freedom, Security and Justice in the European Union’ OJ C 53/1 – 53/14 (March 2005)

EU 2006: European Commission, ‘Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on strengthened practical co-operation - New structures, new approaches: improving the quality of decision making in the Common European Asylum System’ {SEC(2006) 189} /* COM/2006/0067 final*/ (February 2006)

EU 2006: European Commission, ‘Commission staff working document - Annexes to the Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on strengthened practical co-operation - New structures, new approaches: improving the quality of decision making in the common European asylum system’ {COM(2006) 67 final} /* SEC/2006/0189 */, Annex C (February 2006)

EU 2007: European Commission, ‘Green Paper on the future Common European Asylum System’ COM/2007/301 final’ (June 2007)

EU 2008: European Union, ‘Common EU Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI)’ JLS/2005/ARGO/GC/0 (April 2008)

EU 2010: European Union, ‘EU common guidelines on (Joint) Fact Finding Missions: a practical tool to assist member states in organising (joint) Fact Finding Missions’ (November 2010)

EU 2015: European Commission, ‘Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A European Agenda on Migration, Brussels COM(2015) 240 final’ (May 2015)

EU 2015: European Commission, ‘Information note on the follow-up to the European Council Conclusions of 26 June 2015 on safe countries of origin’ (July 2015)

EU 2016: Council of the European Union, ‘Outcome of the 3461st Council meeting 8065/16’ (April 2016)

EU 2016: European Commission, ‘Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: Towards a Reform of the Common European Asylum System and Enhancing Legal Avenues to Europe, Brussels COM/2016/0197 final’ (April 2016)

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Government Documents

ACVZ 2006: Advies Commissie Vreemdelingenzaken, ‘Transparant en Toetsbaar: Een Advies over Landeninformatie in het Vreemdelingenbeleid’ (July 2006)

Avocati I Poppulit 2012: Republic of Albania Ombudsman (Avocati I Poppulit), ‘Special Report on the Violence Against Women and the activity of the Ombudsman’ (July 2012) Avocati I Poppulit 2015: Republic of Albania Ombudsman (Avocati I Poppulit), ‘Annual

Report on the People’s Advocate 2014’ (February 2015)

BAMF 2012: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, ‘Lageberichte/Auskünfte des Auswärtigen Amtes für bevoltmächtigte Rechtsanwälte in anhängigen Asylverfahren’ (February 2012)

CGVS 2015: Commissariaat - Generaal Voor Vluchtelingen en Staatlozen ( CGVS), ‘Stijlgids voor de redactie van COI producten’ (June 2015)

DIS 2006: Danish Immigration Service, ‘On certain crimes and punishments in Iran—Report from Fact; finding mission to Tehran and Ankara (22 January–29 January 2005)’ (March 2006)

DIS 2010: Danish Immigration Service, ‘Human Rights and Security Issues concerning Tamils in Sri Lanka’ (October 2010)

DIS 2013: Danish Immigration Service and the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration Country of Origin Centre (Landinfo), ‘Update on security and human rights issues in South-Central Somalia, including Mogadishu, based on the fact-finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya and Mogadishu, Somalia from 17 to 28 October 2012’ (January 2013) DIS 2013: Danish Immigration Service and the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration

Country of Origin Centre (Landinfo), ‘Security and protection in Mogadishu and South-Central Somalia based on fact-finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya and Mogadishu, Somalia from 16 April to 7 May 2013’ (May 2013)

ICMPD 2002: The International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), ‘Practical Guide to the Effective Gathering and Usage of Country of Origin Information’ (2002)

ICMPD 2004: The International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), ‘The Structure and Functioning of Country of Origin Information systems: A Comparative Overview of Six Countries’ (August 2004)

ICMPD 2006: International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), ‘Comparative Study on Country of Origin Information Systems – Study on COI Systems in Ten European Countries and the Potential for Further Improvement of COI Cooperation’ (April 2006) Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration 2011: John Vine, Independent

Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration, ‘The use of country of origin information in deciding asylum applications: A thematic inspection October 2010 – May 2011’ (July 2011) Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration 2018: David Bolt, Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration, ‘An Inspection of the Home Office‘s Production and Use of Country of Origin Information April – August 2017’ (January 2018)

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Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration 2018: David Bolt, Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration, ‘An Inspection of Country of Origin Information; March 2017’ (June 2018)

IRB 2010: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ‘Iran: Student protests in Iran; treatment by Iranian authorities of student protestors (December 2007–December 2009)’ (5 January 2010)

INSTAT 2013: National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) Albania, ‘Domestic Violence in Albania, National population-based Survey’ (November 2013)

National Ombudsman 2007: Nationale Ombudsman, ‘De Geloofwaardigheid van Ambtsberichten: Hoe Asielverhalen worden bevestigd of ontkracht’ (September 2007) OPFRA 2019: Les produits documentaires de la Division de l’Information, de la Documentation

et des Recherches (DIDR), ‘Irak : Situtation des Irakiens convertis de l’islam vers le

christianisme’ (Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides (OPFRA) May 2019)

Swedish Migration Board 2012: Swedish Migration Board Country Information Service, ‘Government and Clan system in Somalia, Report from Fact Finding Mission to Nairobi, Kenya, and Mogadishu, Hargeisa and Boosaaso in Somalia in June 2012’ (March 2013) UK Home Office 2003: B. Morgan, V. Gelsthorpe, H. Crawley, and A. Jones, ‘Country of

origin information: a user and content evaluation’ (UK Home Office Research Study 271) (2003)

UK Home Office 2006: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country of Origin Information Report—Iran’ (April 2006)

UK Home Office 2006: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country of Origin Information Report: Afghanistan’ (October 2006)

UK Home Office 2007: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Operational Guidance Note: Afghanistan’ (April 2007)

UK Home Office 2007: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Operational Guidance Note: Sri Lanka’ (November 2007)

UK Home Office 2009: Foreign and Commonwealth Office Migration Directorate and the United Kingdom Home Office Border Agency Country of Origin Information Service, ‘Report of Information Gathering Visit to Colombo 23 August to 29 August 2009’ (October 2009)

UK Home Office 2010: United Kingdom: Home Office, ‘Country of Origin Information Key Documents: Kosovo’ (October 2009)

UK Home Office 2010: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country of Origin Information Report—Iran’ (26 January 2010)

UK Home Office 2010: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Somalia: Report of the Fact-Finding Mission to Nairobi, 8-15 September 2010’ (October 2010)

UK Home Office 2010: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country of Origin Information Report— Sri Lanka’ (November 2010)

UK Home Office 2014: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Information and Guidance: Somalia’ (April 2014)

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UK Home Office 2015: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Information and Guidance - Albania: Background information, including actors of protection, and internal relocation, version 1.0’ (August 2015)

UK Home Office 2015: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Information and Guidance - Albania: Trafficking’ (September 2015)

UK Home Office 2016: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Information and Guidance - Albania: Women fearing domestic violence, version 1.0’ (April 2016)

UK Home Office 2016: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Information and Guidance – Sri Lanka: Tamil Separatism’ (May 2016)

UK Home Office 2016: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Information and Guidance Albania: Blood feuds, version 2.0’ (July 2016)

UK Home Office 2016: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Information and Guidance - Albania: Female victims of trafficking, version 5.0’ (July 2016)

UK Home Office 2016: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Information and Guidance - Albania: Sexual orientation and gender identity, version 2.0’ (August 2016)

UK Home Office 2016: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Information Note - Albania: Ethnic minority groups, version 2.0’ (October 2016)

UK Home Office 2016: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Information Note - Albania: Sexual orientation and gender identity, version 3.0’ (December 2016)

UK Home Office 2017: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Information Note - Albania: Sexual orientation and gender identity, version 4.0’ (May 2017)

UK Home Office 2017: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Information Note - Albania: Ethnic minority groups, version 3.0’ (May 2017)

UK Home Office 2017: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Information Note - Albania: Background information, including actors of protection, and internal relocation, version 2.0’ (July 2017)

UK Home Office 2017: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Information Note Albania: Women fearing domestic abuse, version 2.0’ (December 2017)

UK Home Office 2018: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Report of a Home Office fact-finding mission to Albania, 31 October to 7 November 2017’ (February 2018)

UK Home Office 2018: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Information Note - Somalia: Women fearing gender-based violence, version 4.0’ (April 2018)

UK Home Office 2018: United Kingdom Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Information Note Albania: People trafficking, version 6.0’ (June 2018)

UK Home Office 2019: UK Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Information Note – Somalia: Majority Clans and Minority Groups in South and Central Somalia (January 2019) UK Home Office 2020: UK Home Office, ‘Country Policy and Guidance Note, Turkey: Kurds,

version 3.0’ (February 2020)

USCIRF 2016: US Commission on International Religious Freedom, ‘Annual Report 2016’

(April 2016)

USCRIF 2017: US Commission on International Religious Freedom, ‘Annual Report 2017’ (April 2017)

USDL 2017: United States Department of Labor, ‘2016 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor’ (September 2017)

USDS 2015: United States Department of State, ‘2014 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Albania’ (June 2015)

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USDS 2016: United States Department of State, ‘2015 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Afghanistan’ (April 2016)

USDS 2017: United States Department of State, ‘2016 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Albania’ (March 2017)

USDS 2017: United States Department of State, ‘2016 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Serbia’ (March 2017)

NGO Documents

AAN 2016: Afghanistan Analysts Network, ‘Operation Omari: Taliban Announces 2016 Spring Offensive’ (April 2016)

ACCORD 2013: Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD), ‘Researching Country of Origin Information: Training Manual’ (November 2013)

AI 2003: Amnesty International, ‘Amnesty International’s Comments on the Amended Proposal for a Council Directive on Minimum Standards on Procedures in Member States for Granting and Withdrawing Refugee Status COM (2002) 326 final’ (February 2003) AI 2006: Amnesty International, ‘Amnesty International Report 2006—Iran’ (23 May 2006) AI 2014: Amnesty International, ‘Too Many Missed Opportunities: Human Rights in

Afghanistan under the Karzai Administration’ (April 2014)

AI 2015: Amnesty International, ‘Amnesty International Report 2014/15 – Albania’ (February 2015)

AI 2015: Amnesty International, ‘Their Lives on the Line: Women Human Rights Defenders under Attack in Afghanistan’ (April 2015)

AIDA 2015: Asylum Information Database (AIDA), ‘Common asylum system at a turning point: Refugees caught in Europe’s solidarity crisis’ (August 2015)

AHRC 2010: Asian Human Rights Commission, ‘Sri Lanka: The State of Human Rights in Sri Lanka in 2010’ (December 2010)

Asylum Aid 2007: Bethany Collier, ‘Country of Origin Information and Women: Researching gender and persecution in the context of Asylum and Human Rights Claims,’ Asylum Aid (October 2007)

Asylum Research Center Foundation and Dutch Council for Refugees 2019: Asylum Research Center Foundation & Dutch Council for Refugees, ‘Comments on the EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Eritrea National Service, Exit and Return (September 2019) Asylum Research Center Foundation and Dutch Council for Refugees 2019: Asylum Research

Center Foundation & Dutch Council for Refugees, ‘Comments on the EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Pakistan: Security Situation (October 2019)

BCHV 2011: Belgisch Comité voor Hulp aan Vluchtelingen/Comité Belge D’Aide Aux refugiés, ‘Is de Vrees Gegrond? Het Gebruik en de Toepassing van Landeninformatie in de Asielaanvraag, Analyse van de Toepassing in België van de Europese Principes en Regels met Betrekking tot COI’ (June 2011)

CSI 2016: Child Soldiers International, ‘Ongoing Recruitment and Use of Children by Parties to the Armed Conflict in Afghanistan’ (March 2016)

Civil-Military Fusion Centre 2012: Stefanie Nijssen, ‘The Peace Process and Afghanistan’s Women’ (Civil-Military Fusion Centre, April 2012)

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Data Centrum Research Institute 2012: Data Centrum Research Institute, ‘Baseline Study Report on Domestic Violence and Albanian state police’ (October 2012)

DW 2005: Disability World, ‘Applying the Minority Perspective to Disability in Afghanistan’ (February 2005)

Dutch Council for Refugees, ‘Put to the Test, part 2, Sources of the Dutch Foreign Office Country Report on Somalia, Analysis by the Dutch Refugee Council’ (February 2005) ECRE 2014: European Council for Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), ’Information Note on the

Asylum Procedures Directive (recast)’ (December 2014)

ECRE 2015: European Council for Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), ‘Comments on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing an EU common list of safe countries of origin and amending the recast Asylum Procedures Directive (COM(2015) 452)’ (October 2015)

ECRE 2019: European Council for Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), ‘The Implementation of the Dublin II Regulation in 2018’ (March 2019)

FH 2017: Freedom House, ‘Freedom in the World 2017 – Albania’ (September 2017) FH 2017: Freedom House, ‘Freedom in the World 2017 – Kosovo’ (September 2017)

HHC 2007: Gabor Gyulai, ‘Country Information in Asylum Procedures: Quality as a Legal Requirement in the EU,’ Hungarian Helsinki Committee (November 2007)

HHC 2011: Gabor Gyulai, ‘Country Information in Asylum Procedures – Quality as a Legal Requirement,’ Hungarian Helsinki Committee (2nd edition, June 2011)

HHC 2011: Gabor Gyulai and T. Roşu, ‘Structural differences and Access to Country Information (COI) at European Courts Dealing with Asylum,’ Hungarian Helsinki Committee (July 2011)

HRW 2009: Human Rights Watch, ‘World Report 2009: Afghanistan’ (January 2009) HRW 2010: Human Rights Watch, ‘World Report 2010—Iran’ (20 January 2010) HRW 2012: Human Rights Watch, ‘World Report 2012—Somalia’ (22 January 2012)

HRW 2014: Human Rights Watch, ‘Afghanistan Universal Periodic Review 2013’ (January 2014)

HRW 2016: Human Rights Watch, ‘World Report 2016: Afghanistan’ (January 2016)

IARLJ 2009: International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ), ‘Judicial Criteria for Assessing Country of Origin Information (COI): A Checklist, Paper for 7th Biennial IARLJ World Conference, Mexico City, 6-9 November 2006, COI-CG Working Party’ (IARLJ Judicial COI guidelines) (2009) 21 International Journal for Refugee Law 149 – 168 IARLJ 2012: International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ), ‘Report of Proceedings: Roundtable on Due Process Considerations relating to the Use of Country of Origin Information in Refugee Status Determination Procedures’, convened by the IARLJ, UNHCR, and the Refugee Law Initiative (May 2012)

IAS 2003: Nick Carver. (Ed.) ‘Home Office Country Assessments: An Analysis’ Immigration Advisory Service (September 2003)

IAS 2004: Nick Carver (Ed.) ‘Home Office Country Reports: An Analysis’ Immigration Advisory Service (September 2004)

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IAS 2005: Colin Yeo (Ed.), ‘Country Guideline Cases: Benign and practical?’ Immigration Advisory Service (April 2004)

IAS 2009: Jo Pettitt, Laurel Townhead, Stefanie Huber, ‘The Use of Country of Origin Information in Refugee Status Determination: Critical Perspectives,’ Immigration Advisory Service (May 2009)

IAS 2010: Natasha Tsangarides, ‘The Refugee Roulette: The Role of Country Information in Refugee Status Determination,’ Immigration Advisory Service (January 2010)

ICG 2012: International Crisis Group, ‘Sri Lanka’s North I: The Denial of Minority Rights’ Asia Report No 219 (16 March 2012)

ICG 2014: International Crisis Group (ICG), ‘Somalia: Al-Shabaab – It Will Be a Long War, Africa Briefing N°99’ (26 June 2014)

ICG 2015: International Crisis Group, ‘The Future of the Afghan Local Police’ (4 June 2015) IOM 2015: International Organisation for Migration (IOM), ‘United Nations Program,

Support to Social Inclusion in Albania, Profile of the Situation of Trafficking Victims and Efforts for Social Inclusion’ (January 2015)

IRCT 2009: International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), ‘Action against Torture, A practical guide to the Istanbul Protocol – for lawyers’ (2009).

IWPR 2016: Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), ‘Afghan Women Speak Out against Violence’ (March 2016)

IWPR 2016: Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), ‘Afghan Women Still Sidelined’ (April 2016)

Landinfo 2011: Norwegian Directorate of Immigration Country of Origin Centre (Landinfo), ‘Afghanistan: Human Rights and Security Situation. Report by Dr Antonio Giustozzi’ (September 2011)

NRC 2014: Norwegian Refugee Council/ Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, ‘Strengthening Displaced Women’s Housing, Land and Property Rights in Afghanistan’ (November 2014)

Public Law project 2018: Public Law Project, ‘Best Practice Guide to Asylum and Human Rights Appeals’ (March 2018)

RSN 2016: Refugee Support Network, ‘After Return: Documenting the Experiences of Young People Forcibly Removed to Afghanistan’ (April 2016)

Statewatch 2004: Statewatch, ‘EU Divided over list of Safe Countries of Origin – Statewatch Calls for the List to be Scrapped’ (September 2004)

Swedish Refugee Advice Center 2007: Helga Flärd, ‘The Use, Misuse, and Non-use of Country of Origin Information in the Swedish Asylum Process (the Swedish Refugee Advice Center 2007)

WW 2008: Womankind Worldwide, ‘Taking Stock: Afghan Women and Girls Seven Years On’ (February 2008)

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Media Documents

Guardian 2016: Sune Engel Rasmussen, ‘Video Appears to Show Afghan Police Beating Detainee’ The Guardian (Kabul, 9 March 2016)

Los Angeles Times 2016: Ali Latifi and Shashank Bengali, ‘Another Mysterious Death in Kandahar, and Allegations of Official Torture’ Los Angeles Times (Kabul, 7 April 2016) Radio Free Europe 2014: Malali Bashir, ‘Afghan Taliban Trades Ideology for Profiteering’

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (Kabul, 5 November 2014)

Reuters 2013: Miriam Arghandiwal, ‘Ex Taliban Official Vows to Protect Afghan Women, but Alarm Bells Ring’ (Reuters, 3 July 2013)

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Table of cases

European Court of Human Rights

Abdolkhani and Karimnia v. Turkey, App No 30471/08 (ECHR, 22 September 2009) Ahmadpour v. Turkey, App No 12717/08 (ECHR, 15 June 2010)

Bati and Others v. Turkey, App Nos. 33097/96 and 57834/00 (ECtHR, 3 June 2004) B.M. v. France, App No 5562/11 (ECHR, 7 April 2015)

Chahal v.UK, App No 22414/93 (ECHR, 1996-V)

Cruz Varas v. Sweden, App No 15576/89 (ECHR, 20 March 1991) D and others v. Turkey, App No 24245/03 (ECHR, 22 June 2006) E.G. v. The United Kingdom, App No 41178/08, (ECHR, 31 May 2011) F.G. v. Sweden, App No 43611/11 (ECHR, 16 January 2014)

Guzzardi v. Italy, Series A no. 39 (ECHR, 6 November 1980)

Hirshi Jamaa and others v. Italy, App No 27765/09 (ECHR 23 February 2012) H.L.R. v. France, Application no. 24573/94 (ECtHR, 29 April 1997)

Ireland v. the United Kingdom (1978) Series A no. 25, p. 64 Jabari v. Turkey, App No 40035/98 (ECHR, 11 July 2000) J.K. v. France, App No 7466/10 (ECHR, 7 April 2015) K.A.B. v. Sweden, App No 886/11 (ECHR, 5 September 2013) Karner v. Austria, App No. 40016/98 (ECtHR, 2003)

K.R.S. v. United Kingdom, App No 32733/08 (ECHR, 2 December 2008) M.A. v. Sweden, App No 52589/13 (ECHR, 18 November 2014)

Mamatkulov and Askarov vs Turkey, App Nos 46827/99 46951/99 (ECtHR, 4 February 2005) MB and others v. Turkey, App No 36009/08 (ECHR, 15 June 2010)

Mo P. v. France, App No 55787/09 (ECHR, 30 April 2013)

M.S.S. v Greece/Belgium, App No 30696/09 (ECtHR, 21 January 2011) NA v. United Kingdom, App No 25904/07 (ECHR, 17 July 2008)

N. and others v. the United Kingdom, App No 16458/12 (ECHR, 15 April 2014) N. v Sweden, App No 23505/09 (ECtHR, 20 July 2010)

Opuz v. Turkey, App No 33401/02 (ECHR, 9 June 2009) P.I. v. France, App No 37180/10 (ECHR, 12 June 2012)

Rantsev v. Cyprus en Rusland, App. No. 25965/04 (ECHR, 7 January 2010) R.C. v. Sweden, App No 41827/07 (ECHR, 9 March 2010)

R.H. v. Sweden, App No 4601/14 (ECHR, 10 September 2015) R.J. v. France, App No 10466/11 (ECHR, 19 September 2013) Saadi v. Italy, App No 37201/2006, (ECHR, 28 February 2008) Said v. The Netherlands, App No 2345/02 (ECHR, 5 July 2005)

Salah Sheekh v. The Netherlands, App No 1948/03 (ECHR, 11 January 2007) Selmouni v. France, App No 25803/94 (ECHR 1999)

S.F. and others v. Sweden, App No 52077/10 (ECHR, 15 May 2012) SHH v United Kingdom, App No 60367/10 (ECtHR, 29 January 2013)

Sufi and Elmi v. the United Kingdom, App Nos 8319/07 and 11449/07 (ECHR, 28 June 2011) T.N. and S.N. v. Denmark, App No 36517/08 (ECHR, 20 January 2011)

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T.T. v. France, App No 8686/13, (ECHR, 7 April 2015)

Vilvarajah and others v. the United Kingdom, App Nos 13163/87, 13164/87, 13165/87, 13448/87

(ECHR, 30 October 1991)

V.T. v. France, App No 3551/10 (ECHR, 27 August 2013) Z.N.S. v. Turkey, App No 21896/08 (ECHR, 19 January 2010)

European Court of Justice

Commission v Sytraval, Case C-367/95 (ECJ, 1998) ECR I-1719, 1770

Yassin Abdullah Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council, Joined Cases

C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P (ECJ, 2008)

European Parliament v. Council of Europe, Judgment, Grand Chamber, Case C-133/06, (ECJ

2008)

Kuijer v Council of the European Union, Case T-188/98 (ECJ 2000)

National courts

1. Australia

Refugee Review Tribunal of Australia, 1005628 [2010] RRTA 822 (21 September 2010)

2. Belgium

Council for Alien Law Litigation, App No 186.184 (27 April 2017) Council for Alien Law Litigation, App No 214.459 (20 December 2018)

3. New Zealand

New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals Authority, Refugee Appeal No 76311 (18 June 2009)

4. The Netherlands

Council of State (Netherlands), Decision No 200103977/1 (12 October 2001) Council of State (Netherlands), Decision No 201603036/1 (14 September 2016) Council of State (Netherlands), Decision No 201607902/1/V2 (1 February 2017) Administrative Court Haarlem, Decision No 18.11250 (16 July 2018)

5. United Kingdom

AA, TN & MA [2015] UKSC 40

AH (Sudan) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2007] EWCA Civ 297 AM & AM (armed conflict: risk categories) Somalia CG [2008] UKAIT 00091

AMM and others (conflict; humanitarian crisis; returnees; FGM) Somalia CG [2011] UKUT

00445 (IAC)

AN & SS (Tamils – Colombo – risk?) Sri Lanka CG [2008] UKAIT 00063

AS and AA u Secretary of State for the Home Department (Effect of previous linked

determination) Somalia [2006] UKAIT00052

BD v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Application of SK and DK) Croatia CG

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BA (Demonstrators in Britain- risk on return) Iran CG [2011] UKUT 00036 DJ (Bantu-not generally at risk) Somalia CG [2005] UKIAT 00089

FS and Others (Iran - Christian Converts) Iran CG [2004] UKIAT 00303 GJ and Others (post-civil war: returnees) Sri Lanka CG [2013] UKUT 00319 HF (Iraq) v Secretary of State v Home Department [2013] EWCA Civ 1276 HH & others (Mogadishu: armed conflict: risk) Somalia CG [2008] UKAIT 00022 HGMO (Relocation to Khartoum) Sudan CG [2006] UKAIT 00062

Januzi v Secretary of State for the Home Department & Ors. [2006] UKHL 5, House of Lords,

15 February 2006, Lord Hope of Craighead

Karanakan v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2000], Court of Appeal, 25 January

2000

LH and IP (gay men: risk) Sri Lanka CG [2015] UKUT 00073

LP (LTTE area – Tamils – Colombo – risk?) Sri Lanka CG [2007] UKAIT 00076 MA (Galgale – Sab clan) Somalia CG [2006] UKAIT 00073

MD (Ivory Coast) v SSHD [2011] EWCA Civ 989, United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England

and Wales),

MOJ & Ors (Return to Mogadishu) Somalia CG [2014] UKIAT 00442

MST and Others (national service – risk categories) Eritrea CG [2016] UKUT 443 NM and Others (Lone women – Ashraf) Somalia CG [2005] UKIAT 00076 R (on the application of Brown) Jamaica [2015] UKSC 8

R (Javed) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] EWCA Civ 789

R (on the application of Zakir Husain) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005]

EWHC 189

RM and BB (Homosexuals) Iran CG [2005] UKIAT 00117

S & Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWCA Civ 539, United

Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales), 24 April 2002

SA (Iranian Arabs-no general risk) Iran CG [2011] UKUT 00041 SB (risk on return – illegal exit) Iran CG [2009] UKAIT 00053

Senathirajah Ravichandran v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, United Kingdom:

Court of Appeal (England and Wales), 11 October 1995

SG(Iraq) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] EWCA Civ 940 SH (Baha’is) Iran CG [2006] UKAIT 00041

SSH and HR (illegal exit: failed asylum seeker) Iran CG [2016] UKUT 00308 SZ and JM (Christians - FS confirmed) Iran CG [2008] UKAIT 00082 TK (Tamils – LP Updated) Sri Lanka CG [2009] UKAIT 00049

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Country of Origin Information

The Essential Foundation for Fair

and Credible Guidance for Decision-making

on International Protection Needs

Femke Vogelaar

y of Origin Inf

ormation

|

Femk

e V

ogelaar

|

2020

Invitation

you are cordially invited to watch the online defense of my PhD dissertation

Country of Origin

Information

The Essential Foundation for Fair and Credible Guidance for Decision-making on

International Protection Needs

Friday 11 December 2020 at 11.45 am (CET) youtube.com/VUBeadlesOffice Femke Vogelaar +27 6 4789 6730 femkevogelaar@gmail.com

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