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(1)

PUBLIC TRANSPORT SECTOR DRIVER BEHAVIOUR:

Measuring recklessness using speed and acceleration

AS Zeeman and MJ Booysen

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering

University of Stellenbosch

(2)

Public Transport in sub-Saharan Africa

• Minibus taxi sector dominates the informal public transportation system

• South Africa has more than 200,000 minibus taxis

• Most available and affordable to public

• Accounts for 65% of all public transport in SA (14 million passengers every day)

• SSA has some of the world’s highest road traffic fatalities

• 32 deaths per 100,000 population annually

• 9

th

leading cause of death in Africa

Safety – public transport is considered to be a dangerous option in

SSA

(3)

Reckless driving detection system

• Numerous studies completed on driving behaviour

• Differences are in the specific application area and the sensing method employed

• Shortcomings in the research field: the lack of an algorithm where relations between speed and acceleration are

simultaneously taken to identify reckless driving

• Sudden changes of direction, travelling at high speed around curves, or braking and acceleration – results in forces acting on the vehicle

• High levels of acceleration associated with reckless events

• Accelerometer measures inertial g-force

• GPS device measures speed

(4)

Design of the reckless driving detection system

• Roads designed to optimize efficiency and safety, whilst minimizing cost and environmental damage

• Friction coefficient – relationship between vehicle’s tyres and road surface

• Correlation between friction coefficient and in-vehicle inertial acceleration utilised to enable reckless driving detection

• Curve radius is key determinant of safeness of road curvature

• Centrifugal force countered by centripetal force

(5)

Results

• Acceleration and speed data collected in minibus taxis in South Africa and Uganda

• More than 36 hours of data from, 41 different minibus taxis

• 25% Urban data, and 75% highway data

(6)

Results

(7)

Results

• EMA filtered acceleration – removes high frequency noise

• Left turns – negative acieration values

• Right turns – positive acceleration values

(8)

Results

• Determine rate of change of acceleration: Jerk

• Summation of jerk values

• High concentrations of acceleration relate to erratic events

• Measured acceleration compared to threshold (from road

design principles)

(9)

Online platform

• Real-time information

• GSM network

• http://smart.trintel.co.za

(10)

Conclusion

• Presented a reckless driving detection system, which was validated in minibus taxis on South African and Ugandan roads

• Acceleration and speed results are used as a measure of recklessness

• Augmenting acceleration data with vehicle speed information

• Designed model is based on principles used in road design

• Relationship between a vehicle’s tyres and the road surface

• Reckless driving detection system was successfully developed and tested

• Could be used to make public transport in Sub-Saharan

Africa safer

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Thank you for your attention

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