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White matters : a longitudinal study on causes and consequences of

white matter hyperintensities in the elderly.

Heuvel, D.M.J. van den

Citation

Heuvel, D. M. J. van den. (2005, November 17). White matters : a longitudinal study on

causes and consequences of white matter hyperintensities in the elderly. Retrieved from

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3729

Version:

Corrected Publisher’s Version

License:

Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the

Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden

Downloaded from:

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3729

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Table 1. Cut-off values for the strata of baseline and change in WMH volumes. Page 143

Table 2. Baseline characteristics of participants of the PROSPER MRI substudy with both 1st and 2nd MRI assessment and of participants that were loss to follow-up.

Page 144

Figure 1. WMH segmentation on FLAIR images in patients with a) small, b) medium and, c) large WMH lesion load.

Page 145

Figure 2. Computerized semi-automatic detection system for quantification of volumes of deep and periventricular WMH.

Page 146

Figure 3. 3D representation of manually segmented deep and periventricular WMH.

Page 146

Figure 4. Computerized semi-automatic MRI lesion detection system for quant fying the volumes of ischemic brain lesions.

Page 147

Members of the PROSPER study group Page 147

________________________________________________________________

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Table 1. Cut-off values for the strata of baseline and change in WMH volumes

________________________________________________________________________ Strata of WMH

Low Mediate High

________________________________________________________________________ Baseline WMH total WMH volume (mL) 0-1 >1-5 >5 n 209 180 154 deep WMH volume (mL) 0-0.5 >0.5-1.5 >1.5 n 275 138 130 periventricular WMH volume (mL) 0-0.5 >0.5-3.5 >3.5 n 191 196 156 Change of WMH total WMH volume (mL) <0.5 >0.5-2 >2 n 213 140 182 deep WMH volume (mL) <0.1 >0.1-0.5 >0.5 n 222 176 137 periventricular WMH volume (mL) <0.4 >0.4-1.5 >1.5 n 230 127 178 ________________________________________________________________________ WMH; white matter hyperintensities.

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Table 2. Baseline characteristics of participants of the PROSPER MRI substudy with both 1st and 2nd MRI assessment (Follow up participants; n=554) and of participants that were loss to follow-up (Dropouts; n=92)

________________________________________________________________________ Follow up Dropouts p-value* participants

________________________________________________________________________ Continuous variates (mean,SD)

Age (years) 75.0 (3.2) 75.4 (3.5) 0.27

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 157.5 (21.7) 157.4 (22.7) 0.95 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 85.8 (11.0) 88.0 (14.0) 0.097 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 5.75 (0.85) 5.72 (0.88) 0.76 LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) 3.86 (0.74) 3.73 (0.79) 0.81 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) 1.24 (0.32) 1.22 (0.37) 0.59

Triglycerides (mmol/L) 1.49 (0.67) 1.54 (0.74) 0.54

Body mass index (kg/m2) 26.7 (3.6) 26.7 (3.5) 0.98

Education (years since leaving school) 15.5 (2.9) 14.9 (3.0) 0.092 Mini mental state examination 28.2 (1.5) 27.9 (1.4) 0.064 Picture word learning task (immediate)† 10.1 (1.8) 9.9 (2.0) 0.29 Picture word learning task (delayed) 11.2 (2.6) 10.6 (2.8) 0.069

Letter digit coding task 27.7 (7.1) 25.6 (7.2) 0.013

Stroop 55.0 (17.7) 65.6 (26.3) <0.0001 Total WMH (mL) 5.23 (9.61) 10.36 (14.81) 0.004 Categorical variates (n,%) Female 241 (43.5) 41 (44.6) 0.85 Current smoker 115 (20.8) 26 (28.3) 0.11 History of diabetes 91 (16.4) 22 (23.9) 0.080 History of hypertension 350 (63.2) 57 (62.0) 0.82

History of myocardial infarction 67 (12.1) 20 (21.7) 0.012 History of stroke or transient ischaemic attack 90 (16.2) 14 (15.2) 0.80 History of any vascular disease 241 (43.5) 47 (51.1) 0.18

Pravastatin 275 (49.6) 44 (47.8) 0.75

________________________________________________________________________ * Two-sample t-test used for continuous variates and Chi-squared test for categorical vari-ates.† Average number of words generated in the three immediate recalls. LDL; low-densi-ty lipo-protein. HDL; high-densilow-densi-ty lipoprotein. WMH; white matter hyperintensities. ________________________________________________________________

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Figure 1a.

WMH segmentation on FLAIR images in patients with small WMH lesion load.

Figure 1b.

WMH segmentation on FLAIR images in patients with medium WMH lesion load.

Figure 1c.

WMH segmentation on FLAIR images in patients with large WMH lesion load.

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Figure 2. Computerized semi-automatic detection system for quantification of volu-mes of deep and periventricular WMH. Red indicates deep WMH and blue indicates periventricular WMH.

Figure 3. 3D representation of manually segmented deep WMH (red) and periven-tricular WMH (blue). The lateral ventricles are presented in green. The parenchyma is displayed in yellow

________________________________________________________________

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Figure 4. Computerized semi-automatic MRI lesion detection system for quantifying the volumes (mL.) of ischemic brain lesions (Brain-O-Matic).

Cyanide indicates infarction, purple indicates white matter lesions.

PROSPER study group

Executive committee: (Glasgow) J Shepherd (Chairman and Principal Investigator), SM Cobbe, I Ford, A Gaw, PW Macfarlane, CJ Packard, DJ Stott; (Leiden) GJ Blauw (Principal Investigator), ELEM Bollen, AM Kamper, RGJ Westendorp; (Cork) MB Murphy (Principal Investigator), BM Buckley, M Hyland, IJ Perry.

Endpoint committee: SM Cobbe (Chairman), JW Jukema, PW Macfarlane,

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