4. Doornenbal TNO - Paleo-geography of Permian Rotliegend

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03/24/22 Rotliegend Paleogeography, Hans Doornenbal

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Paleogeography of the Permian Rotliegend

Hans Doornenbal

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• Introduction

• SPBA project

• Tectonic evolution

• Caledonian + Variscan

• Formation of the SPB

• Paleogeography

• Maps resulted from SPBA Project

• Subcrop

• Depth, isopach

• Paleogeographic maps

Rotliegend

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Aim SPB-Atlas

To present a comprehensive and systematic overview of the results of over 150 years of

petroleum exploration and research in the SPBA

• Joint project executed by National Geological Surveys of BE, DK, GE, NL, PL and UK

• Supported by:

• Oil-companies

• Universities

• Research institutes

• Consultants

• Contractors

• Private persons

• 140 authors

• 25 mappers

• 35 reviewers

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GIS Product

SPBA database

• Seismics and wells

• Hydrocarbon Field attributes

• Gas composition

• Geochemical data

Various types GIS Maps

• Topography and Bathymetry

• Geological Map

• Location maps

• Depth and isopach maps

• Tectonic Evolution maps

• Subcrop Maps

• Paleogeographic Maps

• Source Rock and reservoir facies maps

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Petroleum Geology in SPBA

Gathering of field parameters : fluid type – oil and gas

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Tectonic Evolution

SPBA Timescale

with tectonic episodes

• Caledonian

• Variscan (Hercynian)

• Alpine

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The journey of West-Europe

in the geological time….

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Tectonic Evolution: Pre-Cambrian + Late Cambrian

Avalonia rifted away from Gondwana

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Tectonic Evolution: L. Ordovician and M. Silurian

opening of the Rheic Ocean subduction of the Iapetus Ocean

soft collision of Avalonia and Baltica

Thor suture: zone of listric faults

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Millenium Atlas Caledonide evolution

Subduction continued NW wards beneath Laurentia → final closure of Iapetus Ocean →

Iapetus Suture

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Amalgamation of Laurussia (late Silurian)

Major crustal lineaments s.a. STZ and TTZ were active→

acted as focus for Carb.and Mesoz.strike-slip + Alpine basin inversion

Fig 4

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Pharaoh et al (2006) ELD Memoir Fig 4 SNS Transect

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Tectonic Evolution: Devonian

- Closure of Rheic Ocean

- thick Devonian strata deposited in intramontane basins during post-orogenic collapse Assembly Laurussia completed (=Old Red Continent)

- Collision with ATA and Laurussia

- Destruction of Rheic Ocean

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Tectonic Evolution: Late Paleozoic

Birth+destruction of the Rheno-Hercynian Ocean

Closure of the ocean basins in ATA resulted in a EW mountain chain in C-Europe

with Carboniferous foreland in the north

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Amalgamation of Pangea (Late Carboniferous - Early Permian)

terminal phase of collision

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Structural elements Carboniferous NWECB

Fig 8

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Pharaoh et al (2006) ELD Memoir Fig 8

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Tectonic Evolution : Late Rotliegend

-Early Permian Rifting

-Thermal subsidence (N of Variscan mountain belt)

- En-echelon basins along WNW-W deep strike-slip

faults : S. North Sea, N.German and Polish Basins

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Tectonic Evolution : Late Rotliegend

-Early Permian Rifting

-Thermal subsidence (N of Variscan mountain belt)

- En-echelon basins along WNW-W deep strike-slip

faults : S. North Sea, N.German and Polish Basins

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Formation Southern Permian Basin

Tectonic Evolution Summary

Caledonian and Variscan phases

• Heterogeneous Palaeozoic basement structure and composition

• Role of major crustal lineaments

• Thor Suture

• STZ and TTZ zones

• Iapetus Suture

• Rheic Suture

• Permo-Carboniferous magmatism and post-orogenic collapse

• Permian rift phase

• Development of intramontane basin

• between Variscan orogenic belt, Ringkoebing Fyn High, Mid North Sea High, TTZ zone

• en-echelon basins along strike-slip faults :

Southern North Sea, North German and Polish Basins

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Paleogeography Rotliegend

Tectonostratigraphic Chart

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Subcrop Map pre-Permian

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Heeremans et al. (2004) P-C magmatism

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Depth Map base clastic Rotliegend

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Depth Map base Zechstein

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Source Rock Map Stassfurt carbonates and eq

(incl HC Fields sourced by Ze-2 carb)

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SPBA Rotliegend maps summary

• During Rotliegend time SPB was located 10-30 N of equator

• Base: unconformity: BPU – Saalian, Altmark I, II ,III

• In NL started 263 Ma ago

• Top: flooded 258 Ma ago by Zechstein cycli → good seal!!

• Thickness clastic Rotliegend:

• > 2300 m in N. German Basin, 1600 m in Polish Basin

• Depth base clastic Rotliegend > 6000 m

• Deposition environments:

• Basin centre: perennial saline lake surrounded by saline mudflats, sandflats and small ergs

• Alluvial, fluvial, playa, aeolian ..

• Best reservoir facies: dry aeolian and fluvial !!!

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Rotliegend Gas Play in the NE Netherlands

500 TWT

(ms)

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 5000m

Base Tertiary

Base Chalk

Base Lower Cretaceous

Top Zechstein

Top Rotliegend

Base Rotliegend

TGS-I; 0110761070

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2 1.5

2.5 0.5

Rotliegend sandstone

reservoir Sealed by thick

Zechstein salt

Gas charge from Westphalian

coals

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