SMART MOBILITY
Action plan 2016 - 2018
Cover: © Walter Dresscher, denatuurlijkestad.nl on behalf of Amsterdam City Council
Is this what Amsterdam will look like in 2025? The front cover shows how, if we look ahead to future innovations, the Vijzelstraat-Herengracht junction will appear in 2025. The council will be smarter through the use of data and will have a real-time view of the city. Mobility will be a custom-made service for everyone, with shared and emission-free cars that drive themselves. More room for pedestrians and bicycles (shared or otherwise), more greenery, and less room for parking spaces.
Foreword 5
Introduction
1 MOBILITY DEVELOPMENTS in Amsterdam 9 2 INNOVATION AND MOBILITY 12 3 STRATEGY 20 4 THEMES AND PROJECTS 21 5 ORGANISATION 39
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
There is a lovely series of French prints dating from 1900 showing how life would be in one hundred years’ time – in the year 2000, in other words. Barbers with heavy- looking cutting machines, but no clippers. Fire fighters with wings so that they could get to the uppermost floors, but no modern fire-resistant clothing. And of course there would be cars that could fly in 2000.
Predicting the future is a complicated business, because you hardly ever get it right. Our cars do not fly, and I do not know whether that would be a solution to our mobility issues or indeed an additional problem. But almost all of us carry a smartphone, something which is actually more fascinating than a flying car. That’s because there is so much more you can do with it.
Taking selfies, looking up sports results, making phone calls. But also finding your way.
That is what smart mobility means to me – using smart technology and the opportunities that innovations and the use of data offer. That way, we can organise traffic more efficiently. Giving more room to cyclists, to pedestrians – or even to cars – in the places where it is necessary. It means, for example, that we can provide better transport for particular groups, and that we will change our approach to traffic flows in the city.
The developments relating to autonomous transport are fascinating. Many new cars already have autonomous functions – parking themselves, remaining within road markings, smart cruise control. Completely autonomous cars that drive in cities with centuries’ old street layouts, such as Amsterdam, present new challenges.
With the Smart Mobility programme, I want to make accessibility to Amsterdam smarter, and thereby make it more future-proof. I want to look ahead and identify the options that we already have. The link with the Uitvoeringsagenda Mobiliteit (mobility implementation agenda, or UAM) is obvious. After all, a vision, plans, and implementation cannot exist without each other.
Deputy mayor Pieter Litjens
Traffic, Transport, and Organisation
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INTRODUCTION
Technological developments are moving fast and innovations are appearing in rapid succession, all of which offer opportunities for Amsterdam. Self-driving cars are getting closer all the time; during the Dutch Presidency of the EU in April 2016, they were used to transport various ministers from EU countries around the city. Smart electric bicycles that can be shared are also under development.
We are also gaining a better real-time view of what is happening in the city thanks to data and information, which enables us to make smarter use of the limited amount of available space. Mobility is increasingly becoming a service that you pay for when going from A to B, based on personal needs and smart and up- to-date information. ‘I Mobility’ – what for me is the smartest, most efficient, cleanest and least expensive option at this time?
It is necessary to respond to and to anticipate
technological developments. The UAM has led to the launch of some important measures in order to keep Amsterdam accessible, in both the short and long term. Decisions have been made regarding priorities for pedestrians, cyclists, and public transport in the city centre. However, the city continues to grow, and more quickly than expected. The concentration of businesses, organisations, and housing is resulting in a lively dynamic and development. People want to work here (5% more jobs since 2008), live here (10%
more inhabitants since 2008), and spend time here (2 million more nights spent in hotels since 2008). At the
same time, the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis is predicting organic growth in personal mobility of 23 to 50% up to 2050 in the Netherlands.
This growth will add value to Amsterdam, making the city even livelier. The prediction by the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, the increasing growth of Amsterdam and the limited amount of public space will mean a greater accessibility challenge that we have to face up to.
It’s in the city’s DNA: freedom, enterprise, and creativity, and the council is responding to innovations and its challenge of keeping the city accessible through its 2016-2018 Smart Mobility action programme. The Smart Mobility programme is an elaboration of the UAM.
We are learning by doing. This means that the Smart Mobility programme is not a vision or policy document.
It provides an insight into the most important
developments in the area of Smart Mobility and related projects in Amsterdam. Projects that have already been started will, where possible, be strengthened, accelerated, and linked up. The programme also involves a select number of new projects aimed at achieving results within the term of office of the current council.
Goal
The objectives of the Smart Mobility action programme contribute towards the objectives in the UAM and the Sustainability Agenda: to improve the safety, accessibility, air quality, quality of life, and attractiveness of Amsterdam.
Specifically for this action programme:
1. Gaining an understanding of technological and other developments and innovations in relation to mobility and their significance to the city
2. Anticipating technological innovations and using them in order to realise objectives
3. Encouraging and accelerating innovations in the city 4. Strengthening working partnerships with knowledge institutes and parties in the private sector
5. Becoming smarter, as a municipal organisation, by working in a data-driven manner and by working together with knowledge and private-sector parties. This is all subject to ever-greater protection of privacy and commercially-sensitive information
The action programme is intended to deliver smart mobility solutions for Amsterdam – with one major effect being that of cleaner air – but does not involve the taking of any specific measures, given that these are already provided for in the Sustainability Agenda.
The Smart Mobility action programme has been devised in cooperation with Stadsregio (city region) Amsterdam (SRA), Amsterdam knowledge institutes,
the Amsterdam Economic Board, Amsterdam Smart City, GVB (Municipal Public Transport), THNK, private partners in projects, and various organisational bodies in the Amsterdam City Council. The council is open to and is actively looking for new partnerships with public and private-sector organisations.
• Objectives for the action programme
To improve the safety, accessibility, air quality, quality of life, and
attractiveness of Amsterdam.
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The programme is intended to achieve results within the term of office of the current council. It is not
exhaustive in its overview of Smart Mobility projects and nor is it complete. Amsterdam is showing where it is using the opportunities for innovation and is continuing discussions with knowledge and market parties in order to follow innovations and developments and to assist them where possible, and to link and accelerate them with policies, projects, pilot schemes, and research.
Given the speed of the developments, it is not inconceivable that the Amsterdam City Council will review or bring up to date its mobility strategy in 2018, partly as a result of insights obtained through this action programme.
2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
2012 MobiliteitsAanpak Amsterdam
2015 Uitvoeringsagenda Mobiliteit
2016 Actieprogramma Smart Mobility
Nieuwe Mobiliteitsstrategie Amsterdam
inzicht en leringen zijn input
Timeline for Development of Amsterdam Mobility Approach
• Duration and follow-up
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We start with a description of how mobility in
Amsterdam is developing. This paints the context and the challenges in relation to mobility in the city. We then set out the most important innovations and changes, as well as the strategy that Amsterdam has adopted in order to respond to and anticipate them.
In the final part of the action programme, we describe how Amsterdam is anticipating the larger-scale changes on the basis of concrete projects. We describe what has already been done, what investments have already been made, and what extra resources will be needed in the next two years in terms of projects and investments.
• Guide for the reader
Not only is the number of inhabitants on the rise, but also the number of visitors, and therefore employment and mobility (Figure 1). The number of overnight stays in hotels and the rate of private letting has increased too (Figure 1). What do these trends and developments tell us about how the future might be, what are the challenges for keeping Amsterdam accessible and attractive, and how do we compare to cities in other countries in these respects?
1. MOBILITY DEVELOPMENTS
in Amsterdam
1.1 The city is growing in many respects, and more quickly than expected.
Fig. 1: Summary of influences on Amsterdam Accessibility Thermometer.
Amsterdam continues to grow on almost every front.
The population has maintained its growth; the city currently has 838,338 residents (1 April 2016, Statistics Netherlands). Traffic is getting busier all the time, with cyclists especially – the Amsterdam population owns 764,000 bicycles, and there are also 1,600 electric bicycles and 24,000 scooters.
The people of Amsterdam prefer to move around by bicycle and to walk (Figure 2). The number of cars in the city is growing, but ownership is in decline, while car sharing is increasing sharply – by 376% since 2008 – although only 1% of cars are actually shared.
Fig. 2: Number of journeys (x 1000 from/to/within Amsterdam) by residents per working day, according to mode of transport, 1986 – 2013 (the modal split is shown in brackets).
There is a visible worldwide trend for cities to continue growing, and it is expected that more than 60% of the world’s population will live in cities by 2050 (Figure 3).
Europe has been the most visited continent for many years now. Amsterdam, too, attracts visitors and businesses from elsewhere in the Netherlands and beyond. On the international benchmarks, Amsterdam achieves good scores in terms of accessibility, such as international connectivity (Amsterdam Airport Schiphol), good public transport infrastructure (trains, metro, buses, and trams), and digitally (AMS-IX internet exchange).
1.2 Growth will continue to increase in the future as well
Moreover, the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis is predicting that the distances covered by cars in the Netherlands will rise by between 23% and 58% by 2050.
This is apart from the development of self-driving cars which, in the early stages especially, will result in more car traffic.
The Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis is also predicting that freight transport (road, rail, and waterway) will have grown by between 14 and 52%
by 2050 (to more than 1,200 to 1,600 millions of tons a year), depending on domestic and international economic developments.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
stedelijke bevolkin g landelijke bevolkin g
Fig. 3: Urbanisation; cities continue to grow.
The prediction by the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis and the increasing growth of Amsterdam and the limited amount of public space present a major challenge.
As is clear in the UAM, the challenge in the next few years is:
How do we keep Amsterdam accessible and safe, with attractive public spaces and clear air?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
stedelijke bevolkin g landelijke bevolkin g
How do we keep Amsterdam
accessible and safe, with attractive public spaces and clear air?
Challenge
2. INNOVATIE EN MOBILITEIT
Innovations in mobility are appearing in rapid succession. This means that new modalities could appear that may have a significant impact on the mobility sector in the future. Several international examples can be seen in the red sections.
These developments are moving faster than was the case in the previous century. In the past, TU Delft had the idea of moving transport through tunnels. The idea was not taken any further. The difference with today’s innovations is that they are going beyond the idea stage into reality. For example, the Hyperloop is currently being tested in Nevada and is undergoing further development. It is not clear whether this will become a commonly used mode of transport, but what is certain is that we are on the threshold of a change to the world of mobility. Thanks to exponential4 technological developments, money being invested, and the efforts of talented individuals from all over the world, ideas are being turned into reality more quickly.
Elevated bus
China is developing a bus that carries people above existing traffic.1
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As well as these international examples of innovation and mobility, there are four major and distinctive moves afoot in Amsterdam that are leading to changes to the mobility sector in the short and long term.
We will describe these developments and explain what developments and projects are taking place in Amsterdam. The boxes on the pages that follow contain examples of Smart Mobility research projects being carried out in partnership with Amsterdam knowledge institutes.
Hyperloop
The Space X aerospace company, owned by Elon Musk, is developing a train in a tube that can reach speeds of in excess of 1600 km/h, and which will be able to transport people and packages alike in the future.2
Personalized Drone
The first drone to have been tested for transporting people was able to do so for 23 minutes3
1 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia- china-36961433
2 https://hyperloop-one.com/
3 http://www.extendlimits.nl/nl/artikel/test-met- autonoom-personen-drone-gestart
4 Exponential growth is a mathematical term that denotes an increase that is proportional to its own number or size. Every quantity that grows by the same percentage every year (or every month, day, hour, etc.) undergoes exponential growth.
Thanks to the arrival of the internet and the possibility of connecting ‘things’ to the internet – the Internet of Things – it is now possible to link everything to everything else. The number of sensors in ‘things’ is rising exponentially. For example, all new cars are better
‘connected’ and can be linked to such roadside systems as traffic lights, road closures, and street lights. As soon as objects in the city are connected to the internet, they will be smarter and more information will become available. This will create many opportunities and perhaps new business models.
• Developments and projects in Amsterdam
Amsterdam is taking part in the national Beter Benutten (optimising use) programme of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, an important part of which is the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) programme. Ten million euros is to be invested in the next two years in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (AMA), half of which is coming from the central government. Amsterdam is involved in a project for making traffic lights smarter and to link them to vehicles, so that they can operate more smartly and more
dynamically. A sum of 750,000 euros has been set aside through the UAM for equipping C-ITS applications 2.1 From a physical to a connected city – the
Internet of Things
Research: SAILOR
SAILOR (Smart Last Mile Commerce)
Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Technolution, Dalarna University (Sweden) (€ 0,5mln. EU subs)
Smarter use of loading and unloading spaces.
Loading and unloading spaces are important for the free flow of freight transport. The city council will assist drivers regarding available loading and unloading spaces with the help of ‘open data’. Transport companies lose a lot of time in the city because they do not have the right information. They are affected by roadworks, temporary road closures, events, accidents, or loading and unloading spaces being occupied, and are forced to cover extra distances unnecessarily. This research is reducing the distances covered unnecessarily, and is leading to better use of available loading and unloading spaces, less freight traffic being obliged to unload on the highway, and dealing more effectively with improper use.
on 38 VRIs, in Amsterdam Zuidoost and elsewhere.
This is due to be implemented in 2017. In addition, Amsterdam is participating in the Amsterdam Practical Trial, together with Rijkswaterstaat, the Stadsregio Amsterdam, and the province of Noord-Holland.
The trial involves both the testing of new smart traffic management methods (coordinated network of broad traffic management) and the linking of the data about the roads and traffic to information in the car. The trial has yielded valuable information on both fronts, during phases 1 and 2. In the near future, Amsterdam will be examining which applications can be developed further and applied on a structural basis. Consideration will also be given to how phase 3 is to be organised.
At the same time, Amsterdam is creating a public beacon network. By way of an experiment, the city will be hanging up various beacons, devices measuring four by eight centimetres. They will continuously give off signals and function as a kind of ‘trigger’. Developers can incorporate the use of transmitters in their applications. Passers-by will then receive, for example, a notification on their mobile phones as soon as they are in the vicinity of a beacon. Amsterdam would like to use the miniature transmitters to develop services
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that would make it easier to navigate quickly through public transport, for example, using the most up-to-date information, or for discovering sites of interest and for planning the best route.
Another Amsterdam initiative is ‘the things network’. It is developing an open, free-to-use and crowdsourced Internet of Things data network (LoraWan network) that devices can use to communicate with each other. The Port of Amsterdam, for instance, is setting up an all- encompassing Things network of gateways and sensors for the purpose of, say, reporting damage to objects in the port or the level of usage of a particular terminal.
2.2 From estimates to information – to a clearer picture of the city and smart use of space
Because more and more ‘things’ are connected to the internet, there is more and more data that can be converted into information, such as on how the city is used. This information is invaluable for the city council, people themselves, and businesses.
New insights can be created by linking and combining various data sources from telephones, for example, car navigation systems, and cameras. In an increasing number of cases, it is possible to access information in real-time. On Google Maps, for example, you can see what your best route is, your expected journey time, and any delays you may encounter. The Amsterdam-based Tom Tom company offers real-time information on traffic situations and is able to forecast how busy the roads will be.
This offers opportunities for managing traffic differently in the future, for responding to busy areas, for
predicting congestion, and for taking policy decisions based on increasingly accurate information. The city council also needs to be smarter and more innovative
Smart also means taking account of the risks and protecting and not sharing private and commercially- sensitive information, proper security for systems, and being able to deal with, process, and analyse large quantities of data.
• Developments and projects in Amsterdam
Crowd management: during Sail 2015, the Amsterdam City Council, in cooperation with the Amsterdam Institute for Amsterdam Metropolitan Solutions (AMS institute) and private-sector parties, carried out a test using various techniques to get a picture of pedestrian flows in real-rime, to predict congestion, and to manage slow-moving traffic.
Cameras, social media, data, GPS, WiFi and Bluetooth were used for the purpose. As a follow-up to this, a plan of action was devised for building a crowd management monitoring system that can be used in every situation that requires crowd management, both during events and day-to-day situations.
An example of a Smart City initiative by the
Amsterdam Arena is the Mobility portal, which is part of the ‘Beter Benutten’ programme. This is an online platform on which visitors can find everything about traffic to and from the ArenAPoort area. It allows you to pay for your bus journey, parking space, or train ticket in advance. Because you register when you pay and enter your postal code at the same time, we know where you come from. Using a postal code matrix, we send travel advice to visitors by e-mail which we base on traffic intensity and historic data. It means, therefore, that we can guide people to take certain routes to reach us, and that prevents traffic congestion.
ALLEGRO is a five-year research project into the behaviour of pedestrians and cyclists in the city. The project was secured by AMS Institute and TU Delft (Professor Hoogendoorn) (2.9 million in EU subsidies)
New scientific and policy insights can be gained by gathering and using big data from day- to-day reality in Amsterdam. This means that cycling and walking must become safer and more attractive modalities, so that liveability objectives can be realised more quickly. The project is also aimed at spreading congestion during events. By way of example, an
experiment was carried out around King’s Day for the purpose of analysing pedestrian flows and using insights for targeted communications.
Research: Allegro
Smart Cycling Futures UvA
Smarter on the bicycle. Cycling has an
enormous potential for liveable and sustainable urban regions. This project is looking at the opportunities for and the effects of a ‘smarter’
cycling system. Science and real-life practice will be working closely together in ‘living labs’
where social and technological innovations will be tried out, as they will in Amsterdam.
Innovations can contribute towards cycling safety and better services (such as parking bicycles), which will stimulate cycling, and help improve the health and liveability of Amsterdam.
Research: Smart Cycling
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2.3 From payment for possession to payment for usage – to mobility as a service
Amsterdam children who are now growing up are used to watching films that they want to see, via online providers like Netflix, Pathé Thuis, etc. Or to listening to music via other providers such as Apple Music or Spotify, and to using a telecom provider to make their phone calls on the basis of a contract. Using services is becoming more important than owning them.
People want to pay for what they need at the time. As a result, the provision of services through a large internet platform is taking off. Worldwide, the top ten fastest growing companies are all internet platforms, including Github, Airbnb, Google, and Uber5.
It is expected that similar developments will occur in the mobility sector and bring about major changes. The sums involved in the mobility sector are considerable – 44 billion euros in the Netherlands every year, or 15%
of total household consumer expenditure. For Dutch companies, the social importance of mobility amounted to at least 53.5 billion euros a year, of which 28.3 billion relates to the purchase of transport services, and
around 25.2 billion accounts for additional costs (freight transport, business travel, and company car)6.
And a great deal of capacity remains unused: for
example, cars are not used for 23 hours a day, on average7. Under-capacity is exactly what the internet platforms are tapping in to. They bring supply and demand together, in a smart way, and make new business from unused capacity. A number of internet platforms are offering taxi rides less expensively by optimising supply and demand, while the degree of occupancy of the taxis is much higher on average than is the case with other taxi companies.
Here, by way of illustration, are the investments made by car manufacturers in sharing concepts: Toyota is investing in Uber, Volkswagen in car company GETT, General Motors in Lyft, BMW in Drive Now, and Daimler in Car 2 Go8. Apple, Google9 and Uber are investing in self-driving car software so that in due course, self- driving taxis will be available on call.
Strong growth in shared cars, but still
limited numbers overall
5 http://top100.exponentialorgs.com/
6 https://www.raivereniging.nl/nieuws/nieuwsberichten/
gomobility/0511-maatschappelijk-belang-mobiliteit-74- miljard-euro.html
7 http://www.anwb.nl/auto/nieuws/2015/april/
connected-car-proef-anwb
8 http://www.volkskrant.nl/tech/ook-toyota-en- volkswagen-investeren-nu-in-deelauto-s~a4308001/
9 http://www.theverge.com/2015/12/16/10309960/
google-vs-uber-competition-self-driving-cars
10 Zie ATB.nl
11 https://www.ovmagazine.nl/2016/04/mobility-as-a- service-alles-in-een-app-1459/
12 http://www.businesswire.com/news/
home/20160208006468/en/MaaS-Finland-Oy-Maas- Finland-Revolutionize-Global
• Developments and projects in Amsterdam
Currently, 1%10 of the population of Amsterdam share their cars, but it is expected that sharing concepts and the use of mobility as a service will increase. Car manufacturers, technology firms, and public transport companies are responding to this expectation and are investing heavily in new mobility services.
Public transport companies are expanding their
services to more and more total solutions – for example, GVB and NS with the Mobilitymixx ticket, which
can be used to travel on services of affiliated public transport companies, paying as you go11. Meanwhile, Connexxion has launched the new Abel concept, with which you can use a taxi more cheaply by sharing it.
They are also investing in a total mobility solution that has already been launched in Finland – MAAS, Mobility as a Service12. With MAAS, an app on your smartphone and a subscription enable you to use every modality as a service, paying for what you use.
VU University Amsterdam and U-SMILE (SURF, NWO grant, €1.4 billion, with Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam Zuidas, ArenA)
A study into the possibilities of new innovative policy measures for influencing mobility behaviour in busy urban areas.
Examples that come to mind are new price incentives (information, different rate, and rewards) for road traffic and when parking.
By carrying out pilot schemes around the Zuidas and Arena areas, the consortium is hoping to learn more about how behaviour can be influenced so that goals relating to accessibility and air quality can be attained more quickly.
Research: U-SMILE
SCRIPTS AMS Institute (SURF, NWO grant,
€1.7 million)
Study into public transport of the future. It is expected that, in future, people will order their journeys as part of a combined service (public transport, bicycle, or e-bike). This research project is examining how transport services of this kind can be developed in a sustainable manner, taking the preferences of citizens and businesses into account. For Amsterdam, it is relevant to investigate what these developments mean in the context of the arrival of the North-South Line; how can this all be coordinated as effectively as possible? New services can also make the transport of target groups more efficient. A pilot scheme is currently being devised for an area of Amsterdam.
Research: SCRIPTS
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2.4 From vehicles with software to computers on wheels – self-driving vehicles
The development of self-driving vehicles is
proceeding at a very rapid pace. All over the world, car manufacturers, public transport providers and software companies are investing in self-driving vehicles (cars and buses). The transition from a car with a few useful functions on the dashboard to a computer on wheels is already underway. At present, vehicles assist users, who consequently travel more safely and more cleanly, but this is set to change as time goes by. As an example, the Tesla car can be seen as a computer on wheels that is linked constantly to the user. You can see, among other things, the state of its maintenance remotely, send a software update and, in the case of car manufacturer Tesla, make the car self-driving. Other car manufacturers like BMW and Ford have stated that they are currently putting significant energies into developing self-driving cars and that they would like to bring them onto the roads in 2021. Singapore is the world leader, with the introduction of 50 fully self-driving taxis in 2019.
This will have an impact on car-driving habits, car ownership, and use. It will also affect how people use public transport and the delivery of packages, for example. Self-driving cars really are coming our way and will have a radical effect on how we travel. The question is not whether they will be a reality, but when;
where can they go and when does the vehicle take over responsibility from the driver? If every vehicle is completely self-driving and is available on call, this will change the entire mobility system.
• Developments and projects in Amsterdam
Almost every car manufacturer has self-driving cars to at least some degree and last year in Amsterdam, EU ministers drove hands-free and signed the
Declaration of Amsterdam13. The declaration sets out the agreement made by the EU member states on the steps that need to be taken for the development of self-driving vehicle technology. A self-driving bus was also recently tested on a bus lane from Haarlem to Schiphol14. As a result of the rapid progress in the development of self-driving vehicles and the impact on the city’s policy objectives, Amsterdam has carried out an impact study. Targeted research and pilot schemes will be launched on the basis of the results of the study, and the information gleaned will be incorporated in long-term investment and policy decisions.
• ‘Cleaner’ as an important precondition
One development that Amsterdam is supporting and accelerating through its Sustainability Agenda is the transition to more and more clean and, specifically, electric mobility. This action programme contains no measures for cleaner air. Nonetheless, ’cleaner’ is an important precondition for every project. The results have to be ever-smarter and, consequently, cleaner. This can be achieved, for example, by reducing the distances covered by vehicles in the city.
14 http://www.nu.nl/gadgets/4295070/daimler-test-
Research: STAD
STAD VU University Amsterdam and AMS Institute (SURF, NWO subsidy €7.5 million)
This project is looking at the effect of self-driving cars on people’s and companies’ transport and location choices and on the spatial design of cities and roads. This is highly relevant for cities like Amsterdam for the purpose of gaining insights as they prepare for the arrival of the self-driving car. What does this mean with regard to the number of parking spaces that are needed? What does the self-driving car mean for how people behave and for the safety of cyclists, for example? These questions are definitely relevant to a busy city like Amsterdam that we will hopefully see answered.
13 https://www.eu2016.nl/actueel/nieuws/2016/04/14/
3. STRATEGY
The Smart Mobility action programme does not contain some all-encompassing vision for the future, because innovations in the mobility sector are following each other in rapid succession. More insights are needed. Amsterdam is planning ahead on the basis of technological and other innovations that could improve the quality of life and international competitive position of the city. We are doing this by strengthening and facilitating innovation. This means learning by doing, researching, connecting, testing, and by building alliances. It’s about making the city a ‘living lab’. This should lead to more effective interventions and investments for the people of Amsterdam and its visitors and businesses, as well as partners from the city and beyond.
Our starting point is Amsterdam’s DNA – its creativity, entrepreneurship, and freedom. It is important in this context that we continue to be an inclusive city in the future, with an as efficient and bespoke transport system as possible for everyone. This might appear contradictory and it can only be achieved if we are smarter, anticipate the opportunities for technological innovation, and if we make the right decisions. These decisions involve the limited amount of available public space where people can meet and, to a large degree, making Amsterdam a city for pedestrians, cyclists, and effective collective transport.
Learning by doing
Partnership with Amsterdam knowledge institutes – ‘De ovale tafel’.
The Amsterdam City Council is working closely in partnership with Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, the University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, AMS Institute, and the CWI. There is a need for gaining greater in-depth knowledge by carrying out research into the various developments, and by gaining more understanding of the effects and impacts of the innovations on the city. Meetings are held once every six weeks in order to coordinate the demand for and supply of knowledge and research, and to discuss joint projects, EU and national calls for proposals, and other matters.
As well as an exchange of knowledge, the meetings actually produce concrete results.
For the city, these include new and useful insights and knowledge, and for the knowledge institutes, more research funding through joint calls for proposals. This means that Amsterdam is aware of and up to date with international developments, has access to this knowledge, and is working together with partners in leading scientific and practical consortia, and learning from other cities. In the past year, for example, several million euros’ worth of research funding has been allocated to Amsterdam by NWO and from European resources. There is of course healthy competition between the knowledge institutes, but the research competencies and expertise are more complementary, as a result of which Amsterdam as a whole is better able to compete on the international stage.
Partnership: De Ovale Tafel
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4 THEMES AND PROJECTS
4.1 Internet of things
Amsterdam has chosen four themes that are relevant to the more major developments – the Internet of Things, a view of the city and smart use of space, mobility as a service, and self-driving cars. Using these four themes as our basis, we are casting light on projects that have already started, and we are also launching a number of new projects that will contribute to meeting the accessibility challenges facing the city. We are learning by doing. This means executing and monitoring projects as quickly as possible, and evaluating the methods, results, and impact. We set out how we will do this when structuring the organisation of the programme.
The Internet of Things offers many opportunities for Amsterdam. The city has opted for a targeted approach in order to respond to this development. This involves, on the one hand, targeted solutions for parking, logistics, and cycling. For parking, the emphasis is on reducing the amount of traffic looking for spaces and making better use of space by acting more effectively against illegal parking in public spaces. On the other, it involves investing in digital infrastructure as a means of improving the city’s own mobility applications (that is, traffic control installations, etc.). At the same time, we are challenging the market to come up with smart mobility solutions via an open beacon network.
1. There are around 5,000 parking spaces for certain special groups in Amsterdam. These are spaces for shared and electric cars, as well as spaces for the disabled and loading and unloading spaces. In addition, there are drivers who park their vehicles in public areas that are not actually parking spaces. There is a need for real- time enforcement and clear information about these spaces.
2. The car parks on the periphery of Amsterdam are still not being used to the full. Providing information about available spaces on the edge of the city and attractive pricing will reduce the numbers of cars going into the city centre. The possibility of whether the project could be expanded using experiments that affect the accessibility of the Amsterdam region is currently being explored with the SRA. This means more costs for experiments, which the SRA intends to cover.
1.Fewer vehicles looking for parking spaces 2.Improvement to traffic flows
3.Improved air quality 4.Effective enforcement
5.More efficient use of spaces for special groups 6.Reduction in city centre congestion
2016 n/a
1. More effective enforcements and making better use of parking spaces
Explanation
Intended impact Finance
2017 € 200.000 Still to be achieved
Urban Mobility Fund €200,000 Subsidy Stadsregio Amsterdam € PM
2018 € 200.000 Still to be achieved
Urban Mobility Fund €200,000 Subsidy Stadsregio Amsterdam € PM
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Application that ensures that owners can find their bicycles at the cycle depot in the event that they have been removed by enforcement officers.
Born from the Startup in Residence programme.
1.Relocating bicycle after removal by enforcement officers
2.Potentially pay, found after theft, sharing, etc.
2016 € 50.000 Explanation
Intended impact
2017 PM
2018 PM Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund (bicycle programme)
€50,000 Finances
3. BikeID
On behalf of the AMA, the Amsterdam City Council is launching a competition that will lead to innovative mobility solutions for the AMA. Mobility in the city of Amsterdam cannot be viewed separately from the
surrounding region. It is closely interwoven with the fabric of the region. The ‘daily urban system’ functions at the level of the AMA, which means that urban journeys are often linked with mobility outside the city itself.
1. Smart mobility solutions
2. Strengthening of economic structure 3. Acceleration of new mobility concepts
2016 n/a
2. Open Call Mobility
Explanation
Intended impact Finance
2017 € 750.000 (max) Funding allocated
PRES funds €750,000
(PRES resources, regional budget, AMA, local authorities)
2018 nvt
Amsterdam is creating a public beacon network. The city is going to hang up various beacons by way of experiment. The beacons will continuously give off signals and function as a kind of ‘trigger’. Developers can incorporate the use of transmitters in their applications. Passers-by will then receive, for example, a notification on their mobile phones as soon as they are in the vicinity of a beacon. With the help of the small transmitters, Amsterdam would like to develop services like real-time public transport journey time and applications in public spaces for the benefit of travellers in, visitors to, and residents of the city.
1. Navigable through public transport in real-time 2. Discovering interesting sights
3. Planning the best route
2016 € 75.000
4. Amsterdam Beacon Network
Explanation
Intended impact Finance
2017 nvt Funding allocated
CTO €75,000
2018 nvt
Visiting Centrum is a condition of the inexpensive P+R rate. Checks are made using public transport data (use of public transport is compulsory); P+R is made more attractive due to choice of transport mode to Centrum. With the help of a pilot scheme, we are looking at other ways of checking on visits to Centrum (use of beacons, see project 4, Amsterdam Beacon Network).
1. Increase in use of P+R
2. Making P+R more customer friendly 3. Fewer visitors per car in Centrum Explanation
Intended impact Finance
5. P+R – check on visit to Centrum
2016 € 60.000
2017
Gerealiseerde dekking
Stedelijk Mobiliteitsfonds € 60.000 (vernieuwing P+R)
Gereserveerde dekking € 140.000
Gereserveerde dekking € 15.000
2018
25
Amsterdam is taking part in the Amsterdam Practical Trial. New traffic management methods have now been tested, and in-car tests have been carried out during events and day-to- day situations; tests have also been performed during events to see what private parties can add to what the city council already does.
1.Insight into coordinated traffic management across the network; what works, and what does not?
2.Insight into the effect of in-care information
2016 € 150.000 Explanation
Intended impact
2018 nvt Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund €150,000 Finances
6.Traffic management practical experiment
2017 € 200.000 Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund € 200.000
There are 130,000 street lights in Amsterdam.
If they are connected to the internet and provided with energy, then you can see (in modular terms) what mobility and other applications are desirable. It is possible that the approximately 2,450 interactive parking machines could be involved in this as well.
1.Incorporating opportunities for innovation and smart network in public lighting tenders 2.Smart mobility applications in the network 3.Stable network Amsterdam
2016 Explanation
Intended impact
Costs should fit within existing maintenance budgets, in accordance with regular
replacement.
Finances
7. Public lighting and connectivity
2017
2018
National networks are being rolled out in the CITS programme for connecting vehicles with traffic management installations, linking and sharing data, and for ensuring that more traffic information reaches road users through service providers.
Better organisation of traffic on routes with smart junctions.
Explanation
Explanation
Intended impact
Intended impact Finances
Finances
8. Better use of CITS
2016 na
2017 € 500.000 Funding reserved
Urban Mobility Fund (UAM) € 500.000
2018 € 250.000
2018 n/a 2017 n/a Funding reserved
Urban Mobility Fund (UAM) € 250.000
27
9. Electronic stop detection by tourist coaches
In 2016, electronic detection systems are being installed at ten busy tourist coach stops in the city centre. They automatically show the maximum permitted parking time for coaches and, with the help of the Lora network, whether the spaces are occupied or not. They are also connected with the enforcement services and a new online information system for stricter regulation of tourist coach traffic. The information will be publishd as open data.
1.More efficient use of tourist coach stops in the city centre
2.Fewer tourist coaches in the city centre 3.More efficient enforcement, more incident-led 4.Online communications with coach drivers
2016 € 100.000 Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund €100,000 (traffic management impulse funds)
An online web application has recently been made for tourist coach drivers with up-to-date information (as open data) on road closures, diversions, and information on the availability of parking spaces (www.tourbuzz.nl). The application is set to be developed further in the near future as a web portal that can be used for providing other services. Examples include offline navigation and push notifications, and a link to the environmental zone and the ‘Electronic tourist coach stop detection’ project.
1 More efficient use of tourist coach stops and parking spaces in the city
2. Less need for tourist coaches to look for parking spaces
3. Fewer tourist coaches in the city centre 4. Cleaner tourist coach traffic in the city 5. Better online communications with coach drivers
2016 € 40.000
10. Doorontwikkeling Tourbuzz
Explanation Intended impact
2017 PM Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund (traffic management impulse
funds) €40,000
2018 PM Finances
Amsterdam zamelt het merendeel van het huishoudelijk afval in via onder- en bovengrondse containers. Inzamelauto’s legen deze containers en brengen restafval en grondstofstromen naar de verwerkers. De gemeente wil dit logistieke proces slimmer en efficiënter uitvoeren. De gemeente gaat oplossingen inkopen om dynamisch (datagestuurd én ervaringsgestuurd) in te kunnen zamelen. Dat wil zeggen op tijd, zodat containers niet te vol en niet te leeg zijn. En slim: zodat we én veilig rijden én minder kilometers afleggen.
1. Emptying Just in Time – no containers that are too full
2. Emptying safely, adopting the routes to the times at which children are arriving and leaving school
3. Smart routes, over city district boundaries, leading to fewer journeys, lower emissions, and less fuel consumption
4. Contributing to cost-efficient waste chain Explanation Intended Impact
Finances
11. Optimising the routes taken by rubbish collection vehicles in Amsterdam
2016 € 200.000
2017 n/a Funding allocated
Measures for making waste chain sustainable
Waste levy 2016 €200,000
2018 n/a Funding reserved
Measures for making waste chain sustainable
Waste levy 2016 €200,000
29
4.2 Clear picture of the city and smart use of space
By having more and more information, we can gain a clear picture of the city. Using big data analyses, we can better understand how the city was used in the past, is used today, and will be used in the future. This is necessary in order to make well-founded investments and interventions in public spaces and infrastructure, and to make carefully considered policy decisions.
Having a clearer picture of what is going on in the city means that spaces are used more smartly and flexibly.
In addition, it means that traffic in the city can be better managed.
The network that is currently visible is limited and aimed primarily at the flow of car traffic. That is why we are committed to acquiring more data sources. It is also about linking existing data and information in order to carry out analyses and to be able to make estimates of congestion at Christmas, for example, or during events like King’s Day, or during road works, as well as in everyday situations. Not just cameras and the detectors in the roads provide important data, but partners from inside and outside the city also have very valuable information.
Because of the increase in visitors to the city, crowd management is not just relevant during events, but more and more in everyday situations, including on Rokin, Damrak, Kalverstraat, and around Central Station. To gain an idea of pedestrian flows and of when interventions are needed, OOV, EB, and V&OR are developing a crowd manager monitoring system in collaboration with AMS.
1. Picture of pedestrian flows in busy areas and during events
2. Assistance on decision-making in relation to measures to be taken here and now
3. Evaluation analysis tool
2016 € 150.000
12. Crowd management
Explanation
Intended Impact Finances
2017 € 200.000 Funding reserved
Urban Mobility Fund (traffic management
impulse funds) €200,000
2018 € 200.000 Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund (traffic management
impulse funds) €150,000
Funding reserved
Urban Mobility Fund (traffic management
impulse funds) €200,000
Tom Tom and Google are two large data companies that are prepared to work together, subject to
conditions imposed by Amsterdam, and to share their data with the city council in the context of research and experimentation. The collaboration means, among other things, that the city council will gain access to traffic data, subject to conditions. We are going to start pilot schemes based on urban accessibility issues.
1. Collaboration and data agreements
2. Sharing data in the right conditions (such as privacy, etc.)
3. Insight into origin and destination 4. Real-time picture of the traffic
2016 € 75.000
13. Clearer real-time picture of the city
Explanation
Intended Impact Financiën
2017 € 75.000 Funding allocated
CTO €75,000
2018 PM Funding allocated
CTO €75,000
31
Many innovation projects and initiatives have been launched in collaboration with partners in order to keep Zuidas accessible. There is a need for an online platform, where ideas and what has been learned from pilot schemes can be exchanged, and which creates a good overview.
1: Exchanging ideas online
2: Feedback loop for pilot schemes in Zuidas area
3; Overview of Zuidas accessibility projects
2016 PM
Explanation
Intended Impact
Finances
2017 PM
2018 PM
14. Zuidas accessibility platform
This project is examining whether the degree of occupancy of street parking spaces can be predicted by combining data and parking rights with data from observations (control scans)
1:Fewer vehicles looking for parking spaces 2:Improvement to traffic flows
3:Improved air quality
2016 € 80.000 Explanation
Intended Impact
Financiën
2017 PM
2018 PM
15. Predictive Parking
Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund (UAM) €80,000
There are more bicycles in the city than there are residents. More than one hundred delegations come to Amsterdam every year to see how cycling is organised in the city. There is a demand for a place for cycling innovation, professional reception of the delegations, and for promoting Amsterdam as the cycling capital.
The objective of encouraging cycling innovation is greater use of bicycles, fewer abandoned bicycles, less but smarter use of space (by parked bicycles, for example) and assisting with cycling traffic flows.
1.Putting cycling on the international map – such as the De Fiets BM and annual CycleHack Event 2.On- and offline innovation platform for bicycles
3.Professional reception of international delegations
2016 € 150.000
16. Stimulating and promoting bicycle innovation (in 2016 Cyclespace)
Explanation
Intended Impact Finances
2017 € 75.000 Still to be achieved
PM €75,000
Subsidy Stadsregio Amsterdam €75,000
Funding allocated
General resources – V&OR budget €75,000 Subsidy Stadsregio Amsterdam €75,000
2018 € 75.000 Still to be achieved
PM €75,000
Subsidy Stadsregio Amsterdam €75,000
33
Anna the first Cycle Mayor of Amsterdam
Given all the work taking place in the Zuidas area, it will be increasingly important in the next few years to gain a clearer idea of the current traffic situation, to make analyses of the effects of measures taken, and to be able to predict what traffic policies will be. In partnership with TU Delft, Amsterdam is going to investigate whether the development of such a chart and tool is possible. The DiTT-Lab data system, which has been developed by TU Delft, will be used for this.
1. View of the current situation in the Zuidas area 2. Data to evaluate what the effects of certain measures have been, in order to learn from this 3. Tool for making predications on the day itself, such as making prediction during rush hour in the morning and evening.
2016 € 50.000 Explanation
Intended Impact Finances
2017 € 50.000 Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund (traffic management impulse
funds) €50,000
2018 n/a Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund (traffic management impulse
funds) €50,000
17. Monitoring Zuidas
Mobility as a service
4.3 Mobility as a service
Amsterdam is aiming to speed up the transition towards using mobility as a service. After all, reduction in ownership frees up space and increasing the occupancy of transport means that capacity and space are used more effectively. We can achieve this by buying transport differently for relevant target groups. There needs to be a greater focus on decompartmentalisation and on putting travellers first.
Discussions are underway with businesses to
encourage them not to buy a car for each employee, but for them to be shared or for their employees to make more use of public transport and the bicycle.
The possibilities for new residents in areas being developed to buy their mobility on a collective basis are also being explored. Finally, encouraging initiatives by transport and technology companies will result in their transport arrangements being organised more effectively and efficiently.
Organising a competition to encourage new mobility solutions. For access to Zuidas. Based on data analyses with Google, Tom Tom, and others.
1.Innovative mobility solutions for Zuidas 2.PPP
3.Appropriate measures by government bodies based on market needs
2016 n/a Explanation
Intended impact
Finances
20. Mobility as a services at Zuidas
2017 PM
2018 n/a
35
Car sharing is on the rise, and yet only 1%
of people in Amsterdam share their cars.
Amsterdam and Snappcar are investigating whether the barriers to car sharing can be eliminated, which would mean more people sharing. The city is making a select number of parkingspaces available in car parks for the pilot scheme, which will start in 2017 and will run for six months.
1.Insight into possible barriers to car sharing 2.More shared cars and less car ownership 3.More room due to free spaces on the street
2016 n/a Explanation
Intended impact
Finances
18. Pilot accelerating Car Sharing
2017 n/a 2018 n/a
In collaboration with Toogethr, people from the same community (employer or group of employers) are proactively put in touch with each other with the help of an app, based on their wish to travel with others. Communities will be set up. Partners are PWC, Accenture, ABN AMRO, Arcadis, EY, and others. Giving it serious consideration are Deloitte, Houthoff Buruma, SalesForce, AKZO Nobel, and APG.
1. More shared rides to Zuidas
2. Shorter distances travelled to Zuidas 3. Pilot scheme is aiming for 20,000 users in 2017
2016
Explanation
Intended impact
Finances
19. Pilot ride sharing Zuidas
2017 n/a 2018 n/a
Funding allocated
Zuidas € 30.000
Need to improve quality, traveller is the priority, decompartmentalisation of rules, increasing occupancy of vehicles, and fewer vehicles travelling through the city.
(see target group transport management assignment)
1.Target group with love from A to B – greater quality
2.Shorter vehicle distances covered in the city 3.Constant picture of quality
4.Quality and development driven 5.Decompartmentalisation of supply 6.Making vehicles sustainable
2016 € 200.000*
Explanation
Intended impact Financiën
2017 € 1.000.000*
Still to be achieved
Urban Mobility Fund €500,000 Education, Youth and Care, WPI €500,000
2018 € 1.000.000*
Funding allocated €200,000
* total costs of target group transport €25 million a year
Still to be achieved
Urban Mobility Fund €500,000 Education, Youth and Care, WPI €500,000 21. Improving transport for target groups
4.4 Self-driving transport
The developments surrounding self-driving vehicles are moving rapidly, but a great deal remains to be done before they can drive themselves completely and before self-driving transport can be used by everyone.
This will not happen in the short term. However, a number of interventions and controllable investments run for a long time, such as in public transport. In order to be able to direct the implications of the development of self-driving vehicles on time, it is necessary to gain a clear picture of the impact of the development of self- driving vehicles on urban policy objectives. And what interventions would help enhance the benefits and limit the disadvantages?
Amsterdam is anticipating the development of self- driving vehicles by performing short-term research, an impact study and long-term STAD research (see Chapter 3) and by carrying out targeted pilot schemes in order to gain a picture of the implications of the development. A close eye is also being kept on technological developments in collaboration with the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, car manufacturers, and others. These insights are being incorporated into considerations on future investments and interventions.
As a result of the impact study into self-driving cars and the experience with EU ministers during the EU Presidency, we are now exploring the possibilities for holding pilot studies.
Insight into the implications of the development for interventions and investments.
2016 n/a Explanation
Intended impact
Finances
22. Pilot schemes resulting from impact study
2017 PM
2018 PM
As a result of the impact study, further research will be proposed.
Insight into the implications of the development for interventions and investments.
2016 n/a Explanation
Intended impact
Finances
23.Further investigation into impact on public transport, capacity in the city, and parking
2017 PM
2018 PM
37
The development of self-driving vehicles is having an impact on the policy aims of the Amsterdam City Council and on our long-term investments. There is a need for a realistic picture of this impact and advice on how to deal with this.
Insight into the impact of the development of self-driving vehicles on the city and advice for the follow-up approach and any necessary follow-up studies
2016 € 100.000 Explanation
Intended impact Finances
2017 n/a 2018 n/a Funding allocated
Urban Mobility Fund (traffic management impulse
funds) €100,000
24. Impactstudie zelfrijdende voertuigen
5. ORGANISATION
Organisation
Administrative commissioning party
Deputy mayor Pieter Litjens, Traffic, Transport, and Organisation
Official commissioning party for development of programme
Innovation team – Tijs Roelofs
Official commissioning parties for implementation of programme
V&OR – PM
Innovation team – Tijs Roelofs Project organisation
Programme manager to be appointed
The action programme crosses RVE boundaries and project collaboration is with parties inside and outside the Amsterdam City Council, such as:
V&OR, Enforcement, Education, Youth and Care,
Parking, Zuidas, Space and Sustainability, and CTO office
Stadsregio Amsterdam, GVB, Amsterdam Economic Board, and Amsterdam Smart City
Amsterdam knowledge and research institutes, University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, and CWI
Private-sector parties like Tom Tom, Google, and Snappcar
