University of Groningen
Growth and nanostructure of tellurides for optoelectronic, thermoelectric and phase-change
applications
Vermeulen, Paul Alexander
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Publication date: 2019
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Vermeulen, P. A. (2019). Growth and nanostructure of tellurides for optoelectronic, thermoelectric and phase-change applications.
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Growth and nanostructure of tellurides
for optoelectronic, thermoelectric and phase-change applications
Zernike Institute PhD thesis series
2019-08
ISSN:1570-1530
ISBN (printed):
978-94-034-1422-5
ISBN (electronic):
978-94-034-1421-8
The work presented in this thesis was performed in the
Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces group at the Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials of the University of Groningen,
The Netherlands.
Cover Design by Paul Vermeulen
Printed by Gildeprint
© Paul Vermeulen 2019
Cover Images:
Front: Electron diffraction pattern of a mica surface, obtained using Reflective High-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED).
Back: Crystal structure models of Bi2Te3, WTe2 and Sb2Te3, transmission electron microscopy image of
herringbone structure of GeTe.
Growth and nanostructure of tellurides
for optoelectronic, thermoelectric and
phase-change applications
PhD thesis
to obtain the degree of PhD at the
University of Groningen
on the authority of the
Rector Magnificus prof. E. Sterken
and in accordance with
the decision by the College of Deans.
This thesis will be defended in public on
Friday 26 April 2019 at 11.00 hours
by
Paul Alexander Vermeulen
born on 4 September 1991
in Pasadena, United States of America
Supervisor
Prof. B.J. Kooi
Co-supervisor
Dr. G.R. Blake
Assessment Committee
Prof. B. Noheda Pinuaga
Prof. G. Koster
*Chapters 4 through 9 have been (submitted for) publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Table of contents*
Chapter 1. Introduction – Why study tellurides? ... 1
Chapter 2. Experimental Methods. ... 13
Chapter 3. Pulsed laser deposition of tellurides. ... 31
Chapter 4. Pulsed laser deposition of epitaxial tungsten-telluride heterostructures. ... 45
Chapter 5. Strain engineering of van der Waals heterostructures. ... 59
Chapter 6. Multilevel reflectivity switching of ultrathin phase change films. ... 83
Chapter 7. Unravelling the domain structures in GeTe and LaAlO3. ... 103
Chapter 8. Reversible amorphous-crystalline phase changes in a wide range of Se1-xTex alloys studied using ultrafast differential scanning calorimetry. .... 127
Chapter 9. Combining ultrafast calorimetry and electron microscopy: Reversible phase transformations in SeTeAs alloys. ... 165
Chapter 10. English summary ... 185
Chapter 11.
Nederlandse samenvatting ... 189
Chapter 12. Nederlandse samenvatting voor niet-natuurkundigen ... 195
List of publications ... 199
