Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/33207 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.

The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/33207 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.

Author: Meij, Sancia Esmeralda Theonilla van der

Title: Evolutionary diversification of coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) Issue Date: 2015-06-03

Chapter 4

A new gall crab species (Brachyura: Cryptochiridae) associated with the free-living coral Trachyphyllia geoffroyi (Scleractinia: Merulinidae)

Sancia E.T. van der Meij

Abstract

A new species of gall crab is described from the free-living stony coral Trachyphyllia geoffroyi. Specimens were FROOHFWHGGXULQJÀHOGZRUNLQ/HPEHK6WUDLW,QGRQHVLDDQGRII.XGDW0DOD\VLDQ%RUQHR7KLVQHZVSHFLHV

here named Lithoscaptus semperi VSQLVWKHQLQWKVSHFLHVDVVLJQHGWRWKHJHQXV,WFDQEHVHSDUDWHGIURPLWV

FRQJHQHUVE\QRWKDYLQJWKHLQWHUQDORUELWDODQJOHH[WHQGLQJEH\RQGWKHH[WHUQDORUELWDODQJOHDQGE\WKHVWRXW

IHPDOH3PHUXVZLWKSURPLQHQWGLVWRPHVLDOSURMHFWLRQ,QDGGLWLRQWKHFDUDSDFHVXUIDFHDSSHDUVVPRRWKGHVSLWH

KDYLQJVPDOOWXEHUFOHVRQWKHDQWHULRUKDOIDQGLVZLWKRXWQRWLFHDEOHVSLQHVRWKHUWKDQWKRVHRQWKHIURQWDOPDUJLQ

The distinctive carapace pattern in life is a diagnostic character in male specimens.

2015

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Introduction

'XULQJÀHOGZRUNLQ,QGRQHVLDDQG0DOD\VLDDQXQGHVFULEHGJDOOFUDEVSHFLHVZDVHQFRXQWHUHG

living in dwellings in free-living Trachyphyllia geoffroyi $XGRXLQFRUDOV7KLVVFOHUDFWLQ- LDQVSHFLHVLVXVXDOO\IRXQGRQVRIWVXEVWUDWHRIUHHIEDVHVQHDUFRUDOUHHIVZKHUHLWFDQRFFXULQ

ODUJHQXPEHUV)LVN%HVWDQG+RHNVHPD7KHSRO\SVRIT. geoffroyi DUHÁHVK\DQG

DODUJHPDQWOHFDQH[WHQGEH\RQGWKHSHULPHWHURIWKHVNHOHWRQ

Trachyphyllia geoffroyi ZDVFODVVLÀHGLQLWVRZQIDPLO\7UDFK\SK\OOLLGDH9HUULOOEXW

WKLVWD[RQZDVUHFHQWO\V\QRQ\PLVHGZLWK0HUXOLQLGDH9HUULOO+XDQJet al7KH

sister genera of Trachyphyllia 0LOQH(GZDUGVDQG+DLPHDUHCoelastrea 9HUULOODQG

Dipsastraea GH%ODLQYLOOHZKLFKLQFOXGHFRUDOVSHFLHVWKDWIRUPHUO\EHORQJHGWRGonias- trea 0LOQH(GZDUGVDQG+DLPHDQGFavia 0LOQH(GZDUGV&RUDOVEHORQJLQJWRWKHVH

genera are host to cryptochirids of the genus Lithoscaptus $0LOQH(GZDUGV)L]HDQG

6HUqQH.URSSD

 6HPSHUPHQWLRQHGJDOOFUDEVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK,QGR3DFLÀFDQG$WODQWLF“Trachy- phyllia”EXWQRIRUPDOO\GHVFULEHGJDOOFUDEKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGOLYLQJLQDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKT.

geoffroyi7KLVQHZJDOOFUDEVSHFLHVKHUHQDPHGLithoscaptus semperi VSQLVWKHQLQWK

assigned to the genus.

Material and methods

*DOOFUDEVZHUHFROOHFWHGLQ,QGRQHVLD/HPEHK6WUDLW16XODZHVL²)HEUXDU\DQG0DOD\- VLDRII.XGDW1%RUQHR²6HSWHPEHU&RUDOVZHUHVHDUFKHGIRUJDOOFUDEVWDNHQWRWKHÀHOG

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FROOHFWLRQFRGHGDV501+&UXV''UDZLQJVZHUHPDGHZLWKDVWHUHRPLFURVFRSHZLWKFDPHUD

lucida. Carapace lengths and widths were measured to the nearest 0.1 mm using an eyepiece PLFURPHWUHZLWKWKHFUDEVSRVLWLRQHGRQDOHYHOVXUIDFH

 $EEUHYLDWLRQVXVHG&/FDUDSDFHOHQJWK&:FDUDSDFHZLGWKDWZLGHVWSRLQW0;3WKLUG

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DV&/ð&:LQPP

Taxonomy

&U\SWRFKLULGDH3DXOVRQ

Lithoscaptus $0LOQH(GZDUGV

Lithoscaptus semperi sp. n.

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Type locality. 7LJDEX,VOƒ·µ1ƒ·µ(.XGDW6DEDK1%RUQHR0DOD\VLD

Coral host holotype. Trachyphyllia geoffroyi $XGRXLQ

Dna barcoding. $ &2, VHTXHQFH SDUWLDOO\ )ROPHU et al  RI SDUDW\SH 501+

&UXV'KDVEHHQGHSRVLWHGLQ*HQ%DQNXQGHUDFFHVVLRQQXPEHU.3

Type material. Holotype. 501+&UXV'RYLJIHPDOHðAllotype ZLWKKROR-

51 A new gall crab species from Trachyphyllia geoffroyi

Fig. 1. 2YLJHURXVIHPDOHKRORW\SHðRILithoscaptus semperi VSQ501+&UXV'A habi- WXVGRUVDOYLHZB FDUDSDFHODWHUDOYLHZC DQWHULRUPDUJLQRIFDUDSDFHYHQWUDOYLHZD close-up of anten- QXOHE 0;3F OHIW3FKHOLSHGG OHIW3H OHIW3I OHIW3J OHIW36FDOHEDUVPP$%'()-

share scale bars.

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W\SHPDOHð&ROOHFWHGE\WKHDXWKRUIURPPGHSWKRQ6HSWHPEHUParatype.

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Material examined. Indonesia: 501+&UXV' $HU 3HUDQJ /HPEHK 6WUDLW

ƒ·µ1ƒ·µ(FDPLLIHPDOHOHJ%75HLMQHQ501+&UXV'

7DQMXQJ/DEXKDQNRPSHQL/HPEHK6WUDLWƒ·µ1ƒ·µ(PLLIHPDOH

OHJ%:+RHNVHPD501+&UXV'.HODSDGXD/HPEHK6WUDLWƒ·µ1ƒ·µ(

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/HPEHK6WUDLWƒ·µ1ƒ·µ(PLLRYLJIHPDOHIHPDOHOHJ%:

+RHNVHPDMalaysia: 501+&UXV'/XEDQL5RFN.XGDWƒ·µ1ƒ·µ(

Fig. 2. 0DOHDOORW\SHðRILithoscaptus semperi VSQ501+&UXV'A KDELWXVGRUVDOYLHZ

B FDUDSDFHODWHUDOYLHZC DQWHULRUPDUJLQRIFDUDSDFHYHQWUDOYLHZD FORVHXSRIDQWHQQXOHE 0;3F

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A new gall crab species from Trachyphyllia geoffroyi

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Description of female holotype. &DUDSDFH)LJ$UHFWDQJXODUORQJHUWKDQEURDG&/

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PHUXVFDUSXVQRWH[WHQGLQJPRUHWKDQDWULJKWDQJOHFDUSXVOHQJWKWLPHVKHLJKWURXQGHG

WXEHUFOHV RQ GRUVDO VXUIDFH VLPSOH VHWDH RQ ODWHUDO DQG GRUVDO VXUIDFH SURSRGXV OHQJWK WZLFH

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Fig. 3. Colour in life of Lithoscaptus semperi sp. n. A-B QRQRYLJHURXVIHPDOHð501+&UXV' GRUVDOYLHZDQGYHQWUDOYLHZC-D PDOHð501+&UXV'GRUVDOYLHZDQGYHQWUDOYLHZE juve- QLOHPDOHð501+&UXV'GRUVDOYLHZF LQVLWXSKRWRJUDSKRIGZHOOLQJVOHIWPDOHULJKWIH- PDOHRIL. semperi sp. n. in Trachyphyllia geoffroyi RQ/XEDQL5RFNUHHI.XGDW0DOD\VLD3KRWRVE\%75HLM- nen/SET van der Meij.

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55 A new gall crab species from Trachyphyllia geoffroyi

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slightly curved ventrally.

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crossing.

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pereiopods off-white.

Placement in genus. The placement of Lithoscaptus semperi sp. n. in the genus Lithoscaptus LV VRPHZKDW WHQWDWLYH 7KH ÀUVW SDUWLDO PROHFXODU UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ RI UHODWLRQVKLSV ZLWKLQ WKH

Cryptochiridae shows that the genus Lithoscaptus LV SDUDSK\OHWLF YDQ GHU 0HLM DQG 5HLMQHQ

+RZHYHUIROORZLQJWKHGLDJQRVLVRILithoscaptus E\.URSSDWKHQHZVSHFLHVEHVW

ÀWVWKHJHQXVH[FHSWIRUWKHDEVHQFHRIDSUR[LPDOWRRWKRQWKHFXWWLQJHGJHRI3GDFW\OXVDQG

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species need to be moved to a new genus.

Comparisons. Eight species of Lithoscaptus DUHFXUUHQWO\UHFRJQLVHG1Jet al

'DYLHLithoscaptus semperi sp. n. can be distinguished from L. nami )L]HDQG6HUqQH

L. tri )L]HDQG6HUqQHDQGL. pardalotus .URSSE\QRWKDYLQJWKHLQWHUQDO

orbital angle extending beyond the external orbital angle. The new species can be separated from L. grandis 7DNHGDDQG7DPXUDL. paradoxus $0LOQH(GZDUGVDQGL. prio- notus .URSSE\WKHVPRRWKDSSHDUDQFHRIVXUIDFHRIWKHFDUDSDFHGHVSLWHWKHVPDOOWXEHU- FOHVRQWKHDQWHULRUKDOIRIWKHFDUDSDFHDQGWKHODFNRIQRWLFHDEOHVSLQHVRWKHUWKDQWKHVPDOO

spines on the frontal carapace margin. Lithoscaptus pacificus (GPRQVRQDQGL. helleri )L]HDQG6HUqQHODFNWKHVWRXWPHUXVZLWKSURPLQHQWGLVWRPHVLDOSURMHFWLRQRI3IH- PDOHVSHFLPHQV7KHRIIZKLWHFDUDSDFHFRORXUDQGWUDQVOXFHQWYLROHWFRORXURQ3DQG3LQ

IHPDOHV DQG WKH GLVWLQFWLYH FDUDSDFH SDWWHUQ LQ PDOHV GLIIHUV IURP SDWWHUQV IRXQG RQ RWKHU

Lithoscaptus species.

Distribution. 7KHNQRZQGLVWULEXWLRQRIL. semperi VSQLQFOXGHVQRUWKHUQ%RUQHRDQG1RUWK

6XODZHVL6SHFLPHQVZHUHFROOHFWHGDWZDWHUGHSWKVEHWZHHQDQGDSSUR[LPDWHO\PHWHUV,WV

host Trachyphyllia geoffroyi ZDVGHVFULEHGIURPWKH*XOIRI6XH](J\SWEXWWKLVVSHFLHVKDVD

ZLGHGLVWULEXWLRQWKDWLQFOXGHVWKH5HG6HD(DVW$IULFD6H\FKHOOHV0DOGLYHV1LFREDU,VOV¶(DVW

,QGLHV·&KLQD6HD3KLOLSSLQHV-DSDQ$XVWUDOLDDQG1HZ&DOHGRQLD6FKHHUDQG3LOODL

%DVHG RQ WKH ZLGHVSUHDG GLVWULEXWLRQ RI T. geoffroyi D ZLGHU GLVWULEXWLRQ UDQJH WKDQ WKH WZR

presently recorded locations is expected for L. semperi sp. n.

Coral host. Lithoscaptus semperi sp. n. is so far strictly associated with T. geoffroyi )LJ)

,WLVWKHÀUVWUHFRUGRIDVVRFLDWHGIDXQDIRUWKLVFRUDOKRVW&RORQLHVRIT. geoffroyi DUHIUHHOLYLQJ

KDYH ÁDEHOORPHDQGURLGFRORQ\VKDSHVDQG ÁHVK\ SRO\SV &U\SWRFKLULGVKDYHSUHYLRXVO\EHHQ

UHFRUGHGWRLQKDELWIUHHOLYLQJFRUDOVFUDEVRIWKHJHQXVFungicola are associated with free-living

²DQGDWWDFKHG²PXVKURRPFRUDOV)XQJLLGDHZKHUHDVTroglocarcinus corallicola is associated ZLWKDZLGHUDQJHRI$WODQWLFFRUDOVLQFOXGLQJWKHIUHHOLYLQJFRUDOManicina areolata 0XVVLGDH )L]HDQG6HUqQHYDQGHU0HLMDD

Remarks. )L]HDQG6HUqQHSUHSRUWRQCryptochirus coralliodytes from Trachy- phyllia EDVHGRQDUHFRUGRI6HPSHUSZKRZULWHV“I found them [C. coralliodytes]

in the Philippine Archipelago in cavities in *RQLDVWUDHD%RXUQRQL> *RQLDVWUHDUHWLIRUPLVGH

/DPDUFN@in an undetermined true $VWU Dwhich was unfortunately lostalso in an un- described Trachyphyllia; finally I received a new form through A. Agassiz from the West Indian seaswhich may perhaps form a distinct genusthough it is very nearly allied to the first. It also lives in a Trachyphyllia.” The coral genus Trachyphyllia is described from the Red Sea and has a ZLGHVSUHDG,QGR3DFLÀFGLVWULEXWLRQKRZHYHULWGRHVQRWRFFXULQWKH$WODQWLF2FHDQ7KHPRVW

similar Atlantic species would be Manicina areolata /LQQDHXV)XUWKHUPRUHRQS

QRWHEHORQJLQJWRS6HPSHUZULWHV“This crabliving in 7UDFK\SK\OOLDa West Indian coralis extremely like &U\SWRFKLUXVand perhaps belongs to the same genus; this can only be determined by future and more exact examination. But the ‘cave dwelling’ of this West Indian crab is perfectly unlike that of the Eastern specieswhich is found from the Red Sea as far as the Pacific Ocean; it is not cylindricalbut has one side quite flatso that its transverse section is almost exactly a half-circle; the underside of the crab rests against the flat side of the cavity.”

The gall crab Troglocarcinus corallicola 9HUULOOKDVEHHQUHFRUGHGIURPDZLGHUDQJHRI

KRVWVLQFOXGLQJM. areolata .URSSDQG0DQQLQJYDQGHU0HLMD$VPHQWLRQHGE\

6HPSHUWKHGZHOOLQJRIT. corallicola in M. areolata LVVKDSHGOLNHDKDOIFLUFOHVHHHJ



A new gall crab species from Trachyphyllia geoffroyi

9DQGHU0HLMD)LJ%WKHUHIRUHLWVHHPVSODXVLEOHWKDW6HPSHUZDVUHIHUULQJWRWKHFRUDO

M. areolata ZKHQKHGLVFXVVHGD:HVW,QGLDQTrachyphyllia$OWHUQDWLYHO\6HPSHUFRXOGKDYH

been referring to the Atlantic genus Colpophyllia EHFDXVH0LOQH(GZDUGVDQG+DLPHZKR

established TrachyphylliaFRPSDUHGWKHLUQHZJHQXVZLWKColpophyllia VHH+XDQJet al. [2014]

for a discussion on the genus Trachyphyllia/LNHM. areolataColpophyllia natans +RXWWX\Q

DOVRKRVWVT. corallicola VHHYDQGHU0HLMD,WUHPDLQVXQFOHDUZKHWKHU6HPSHUIRXQG

JDOOFUDEVLQ,QGR3DFLÀFFRUDOVFXUUHQWO\UHFRJQL]HGDVTrachyphyllia geoffroyi. Semper is not NQRZQWRKDYHIRUPDOO\GHVFULEHGDQ\JDOOFUDEVSHFLHV1Jet al

Etymology. 1DPHGDIWHUWKH*HUPDQQDWXUDOLVW&DUO*RWWIULHG6HPSHUZKRZDV

WKHÀUVWWRPHQWLRQJDOOFUDEVRFFXUULQJLQTrachyphyllia.

Acknowledgements

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