Enzymatic Synthesis and Polymerization of Saccharide-Vinyl Monomers in Aqueous Systems
Adharis, Azis
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2019
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Adharis, A. (2019). Enzymatic Synthesis and Polymerization of Saccharide-Vinyl Monomers in Aqueous
Systems. University of Groningen.
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Polymerization
of Saccharide-Vinyl Monomers
in Aqueous Systems
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University of Groningen June 2019
Zernike Institute PhD thesis series 2019-17 ISSN: 1570-1530
ISBN: 978-94-034-1750-9 (printed version) ISBN: 978-94-034-1749-3 (electronic version)
The research presented in this thesis was performed in the research group of Macromo-lecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials of the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Azis Adharis received a PhD scholarship from Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education), Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia.
Cover design: Dina Maniar, dina.maniar09@gmail.com Layout design: Jules Verkade, www.persoonlijkproefschrift.nl Printing: Ipskamp printing, www.proefschriften.net © 2019, Azis Adharis
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the copyright holder, or when ÖťťķĢóÖðķā̇ŋĕŶĞāťŽðķĢŭĞāũŭŋĕŶĞāŭóĢāłŶĢƩóťÖťāũŭ̍
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Polymerization
of Saccharide-Vinyl Monomers
in Aqueous Systems
PhD thesis
to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen
on the authority of the āóŶŋũmÖėłĢƩóŽŭťũŋĕ̍1̍ŶāũĴāł
and in accordance with the decision by the College of Deans. This thesis will be defended in public on
Friday 28 June 2019 at 9.00 hours
by
Azis Adharis born on 3 August 1987
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Assessment Committee
Prof. K. BartaProf. A. Gandini Prof. R. Liska
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Contents
Chapter 1: General Introduction
1.1 Carbohydrates 10
1.2 Enzymes as biocatalysts in synthetic organic chemistry 14 1.3 Enzymatic synthesis of saccharide-vinyl (macro)monomers 17
1.4 Glycopolymers 29
1.5 Aim and outline of the thesis 33
1.6 References 35
Chapter 2: Synthesis of (Meth)Acrylamide-Based Glycomonomers Using Renewable Resources and Their Polymerization in Aqueous Systems
2.1 Introduction 42
2.2 Experimental 43
2.3 Results and discussion 47
2.4 Conclusions 55
2.5 References 57
Chapter 3: Environmentally Friendly Pathways Towards the Synthesis of Vinyl-Based Oligocelluloses
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 Experimental 63
3.3 Results and discussion 67
3.4 Conclusions 76
3.5 References 77
Chapter 4: Green Synthesis of Glycopolymers Using an Enzymatic Approach
4.1 Introduction 82
4.2 Experimental 83
4.3 Results and discussion 85
4.4 Conclusions 92
4.5 References 93
Chapter 5: Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Double-Hydrophilic and Amphiphilic Block Glycopolymers
5.1 Introduction 98
5.2 Experimental 99
5.3 Results and discussion 104
5.4 Conclusions 112
5.5 References 114
Summary 118
Samenvatting 122
Acknowledgments 126
About the Author 130
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