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Pulsed DC acceleration

Citation for published version (APA):

Brussaard, G. J. H. (2006). Pulsed DC acceleration. conference; Waldur Symposium 2006 'Pulsed Power';

2006-05-30; 2006-05-30.

Document status and date:

Published: 01/01/2006

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(2)

Waldur Symposium 2006 ‘Pulsed Power’

Pulsed DC Acceleration

(3)

Outline

Accelerators

The Future of Accelerators

Pulsed DC Acceleration

(4)
(5)

Accelerators

10 keV

CRT

10 MeV

Cyclotron

10 GeV

Synchrotron

Collider

10 TeV

Supernova

(6)

Future Accelerators

ILC: International Linear Collider

(7)

ILC: International Linear Collider

P.Grannis, Michigan State

(8)

ILC: International Linear Collider

9- March-06 LCWS06 Bangalore 21

Superconducting RF Cavities

High Gradient Accelerator

(9)
(10)
(11)

Scaling Laws

Higher Energy

Smaller Details

Larger Accelerator

More €

More (Pulsed) Power

Shorter Pulses

Better time resolution

New Accelerator Concepts

More Research

(12)

Challenges for Future Accelerators

Shorter Bunches

with

(13)

Brightness

F

Coulomb

F

Coulomb

c

e

-F

Lorentz

low Energy

relativistic Energy

femtosecond

Laser

(14)

Getting to the speed of light fast

Electron Rest Mass: 0.511 MeV

Accelerate to a few MeV

(15)

Total power

10 MW

Frequency

2998 MHz

Q

(2×) 7200

TU/e Photoinjector

Maximum output energy: 6.9 MeV

Cathode field at max energy: <100 MV/m

Launch phase: –50°

normalized field

position (cm)

0

5

10

15

0

1

(16)

Getting to the speed of light fast

Electron Rest Mass: 0.511 MeV

Accelerate to a few MeV

(17)
(18)

Breakdown needs time

10

-9

10

-7

10

-5

10

-3

10

8

10

9

10

10

t

d

E

V/m

s

A. Emelyanov

(19)

Pulsed DC Acceleration

Make MegaVolt pulses

(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)

Pulse Forming Line

0

400

800

t [ ns ]

U [MV]

0

2

4

0

-2

40 42 44 46 48 50

1

40 42 44 46 48 50

-2

-1

0

2

t [ns]

U [ MV ]

(24)

Vacuum Diode

Cathode

Anode

3.5 MV pulses

3 mm Acceleration Gap

> 1 GV/m

(25)

Jitter

1.5

2.5

0

Output Voltage[ MV ]

counts

1.5

2.5

20

40

60

2.5

2.0

time (ns)

300

400

500

600

0

counts

10

20

30

(26)

Fast (ps rise time)

Almost no time jitter

No recovery after breakdown

Limited to ‘low’ power

High voltages, high currents

Good recovery after breakdown

Slow (sub-ns rise time)

Large time jitter due to

stochastic breakdown processes

spark gap

coax

trigger laser

(27)

Photoconductive switching of a spark gap

High voltages, high currents

Fast switching by fs laser (ps rise time)

Almost no jitter (no stochastic breakdown processes)

Ionization of the complete gap with high power fs laser

spark gap

coax

(28)

Photoconductive switching spark gap setup

Brass (inner Ø 15 mm)

Cu (Ø 6 mm)

Probing beam

TW switching beam

2 MV,

1 ns pulse

Switched pulse

with ps risetime

(29)
(30)

-40 -20

0

20

40

time (ps)

number

of shots

15k

10k

5k

0

jitter:

σ = 12 ps

(31)

Summary of Results

• 2 MV, 1 ns pulses produced by Tesla Transformer with Pulse Forming Line

• Jitter 20-70 ns

• Photoconductive Spark Gap Switch demonstrated at 5 kV

• Jitter < 10-15 ps

(32)

‘Artistic’ impression of a multistage accelerator

2 MV, 1 ns pulse

Laser trigger

Accelerator structure

Electron bunch

Spark-gaps

25 mm

< 10 ps

switching time

GV/m

3 MV

3 mm

between plates

plate thickness

about 3 mm

(33)

Conclusions

For Future Accelerators:

More Pulsed Power

Better Pulsed Power

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