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Linking processes and pattern of land use change Overmars, K.P.

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(1)Linking processes and pattern of land use change Overmars, K.P.. Citation Overmars, K. P. (2006, June 19). Linking processes and pattern of land use change. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4470 Version:. Not Applicable (or Unknown). License:. Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded from:. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4470. Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable)..

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(4) -JOLJOHQSPDFTTBOEQBUUFSOPGMBOEVTFDIBOHF *MMVTUSBUFEXJUIBDBTFTUVEZJO4BO.BSJBOP *TBCFMB 1IJMJQQJOFT.

(5) ȬŗŖDZȱşŖȬşŖŘŖŚŜřȬŜ ȬŗřDZȱşŝŞȬşŖȬşŖŘŖŚŜřȬś ˜ŸŽ›ȱŠ—ȱ•Š¢ȱ˜žDZȱħȱ—ȱ ˜˜•Žȱǭȱ ˜Ž—ȱŸŽ›–Š›œ ‘˜˜œDZȱ ˜Ž—ȱŸŽ›–Š›œȱǭȱŽœœŠȱ’—Ž›.

(6) -JOLJOHQSPDFTTBOEQBUUFSOPGMBOEVTFDIBOHF *MMVTUSBUFEXJUIBDBTFTUVEZJO4BO.BSJBOP *TBCFMB 1IJMJQQJOFT. ›˜ŽœŒ‘›’Ğȱ Ž›ȱŸŽ›”›ħȱ’—ȱŸŠ— Žȱ›ŠŠȱŸŠ—ȱ˜Œ˜›ȱŠŠ—ȱŽȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’Ž’ȱŽ’Ž—ǰ ˜™ȱŽ£ŠȱŸŠ—ȱŽȱŽŒ˜›ȱŠ—’ęȱŒžœȱ›ǯȱǯǯȱ›Ž’–Ž›ǰ ‘˜˜•Ž›ŠŠ›ȱ’—ȱŽȱŠŒž•Ž’ȱŽ›ȱ’œ”ž—ŽȱŽ—ȱ Šžž› ŽŽ—œŒ‘Š™™Ž—ȱŽ—ȱ’ŽȱŽ›ȱ Ž—ŽŽœ”ž—Žǰ Ÿ˜•Ž—œȱ‹Žœ•ž’ȱŸŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ˜••ŽŽȱŸ˜˜›ȱ›˜–˜’Žœ ŽȱŸŽ›Ž’Ž—ȱ˜™ȱ–ŠŠ—Šȱŗşȱ“ž—’ȱŘŖŖŜ ”•˜””Žȱŗśǯŗśȱžž› ˜˜› ˜Ž—ȱ’ŽŽ›ȱŸŽ›–Š›œ Ž‹˜›Ž—ȱŽȱ˜˜›˜˜œ™˜•Ž› ’—ȱŗşŝŜ.

(7) 1SPNPUJFDPNNJTTJF ›˜–˜˜›Ž—DZȱȱ ȱ ȱ. ›˜ǯȱ›ǯȱ’›ǯȱǯǯȱŽȱ ›˜˜ ›˜ǯȱ›ǯȱ’›ǯȱǯȱŽ•”Š–™ȱǻŠŽ—’—Ž—ȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’Ž’Ǽ. ˜Ȭ™›˜–˜˜›DZȱ. ›ǯȱ’›ǯȱǯ ǯȱŽ›‹ž›ȱǻŠŽ—’—Ž—ȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’Ž’Ǽ. ŽŽ›Ž—DZȱ. ›˜ǯȱ›ǯȱǯ

(8) ǯȱœ™’—Š••ȱǻ›’£˜—ŠȱŠŽȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢Ǽ. ŸŽ›’Žȱ•ŽŽ—DZȱ ›˜ǯȱ›ǯȱ

(9) ǯǯȱ ˜” ȱ ȱ ›˜ǯȱ›ǯȱǯȱŸŠ—ȱŽ›ȱŽħȱŽ— ȱ ȱ ›˜ǯȱ›ǯȱ ǯǯȱ˜ȱŽȱ ŠŽœ. ‘Žȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ›Ž™˜›Žȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱ‘Žœ’œȱ Šœȱž—Žȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ˜ž—Š’˜—ȱ˜›ȱ‘ŽȱŸŠ—ŒŽ–Ž— ˜ȱ ›˜™’ŒŠ•ȱ ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ ǻǼȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‘Ž›•Š—œȱ ›Š—’œŠ’˜—ȱ ˜›ȱ Œ’Ž—’ęȱŒȱ ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ ǻǼǯ.

(10) 1SFGBDF ‘Žȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ›Ž™˜›Žȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱ‘Žœ’œȱ ŠœȱŒ˜—žŒŽȱŠœȱ˜—Žȱ˜ȱ‘›ŽŽȱ™›˜“ŽŒœȱ‘Šȱ˜Ž‘Ž›ȱ ˜›–Žȱ Š—ȱ ’—Ž›ŠŽȱ ™›˜›Š–ȱ ŒŠ••Žȱ ȃ —Ž›Š’—ȱ –ŠŒ›˜Ȭ–˜Ž••’—ȱ Š—ȱ ŠŒ˜›Ȭ˜›’Ž—Ž ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ’—ȱœž¢’—ȱ‘Žȱ¢—Š–’Œœȱ˜ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱŒ‘Š—Žȱ’—ȱ—˜›‘ŽŠœȱž£˜—ǰȱ‘’•’™™’—ŽœȄǰ  ‘’Œ‘ȱ  Šœȱ ž—Žȱ ‹¢ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜ž—Š’˜—ȱ ˜›ȱ ‘ŽȱŸŠ—ŒŽ–Ž—ȱ ˜ȱ ›˜™’ŒŠ•ȱ ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ ǻȬ Ǽȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‘Ž›•Š—œȱ ›Š—’œŠ’˜—ȱ ˜›ȱ Œ’Ž—’ęȱŒȱ ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ ǻǼǯȱ —ȱ ‘’œȱ ™›˜›Š–ȱ ‘›ŽŽȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘Ž›œȱŒ˜—žŒŽȱ‘Ž’›ȱœž’ŽœDZȱŠ›Œ˜ȱ ž’Ž—ǰȱŽŽ›ȱŽ›‹ž›ȱŠ—ȱŽŒ’•Ž Š—Š‹ŠǯȱŠ›Œ˜ȱ Šœȱ‹ŠœŽȱŠȱ‘Žȱ —œ’žŽȱ˜ȱ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š•ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽœȱŽ’Ž—ȱǻǼȱ˜ȱ Ž’Ž—ȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱŒ˜—žŒ’—ȱŠȱ‘ȱœž¢ȱ˜—ȱŠŽ—Ȭ‹ŠœŽȱ–˜Ž••’—ȱ˜ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱŒ‘Š—Ž Šȱ‘Žȱ–’Œ›˜Ȭ•ŽŸŽ•ǯȱŽŽ›ȱ Šœȱ ˜›”’—ȱŠœȱŠȱ™˜œȬ˜ŒȱŠȱ‘ŽȱŽ™Š›–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š• Œ’Ž—ŒŽœȱŠȱŠŽ—’—Ž—ȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜—ȱœ™Š’Š••¢ȱŽ¡™•’Œ’ȱ–˜Ž••’—ȱ˜ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱŒ‘Š—Žȱ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—ŽœȱŠœȱŠȱ ‘˜•Žǯȱ‘ŽȱŠ’–ȱ˜ȱ–¢ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ Šœȱ˜ȱŒ˜–‹’—ŽȱŠ—ȱ˜ȱ•’—”ȱ‘ŽœŽȱ ˜ œ™Š’Š•ȱœŒŠ•ŽœȱŠȱ‘Žȱ’—Ž›–Ž’ŠŽȱ•ŽŸŽ•ȱŠ—ȱ˜ȱ•’—”ȱ–’Œ›˜Ȭ•ŽŸŽ•ȱ™›˜ŒŽœœŽœȱ˜ȱ˜‹œŽ›ŸŽȱ™ŠȬ Ž›—œȱ˜ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱŠȱ‘Žȱ•Š—œŒŠ™Žȱ•ŽŸŽ•ǯȱ‘’œȱ ˜›”ȱ ŠœȱŒŠ››’Žȱ˜žȱ’—ȱ‹˜‘ȱŠŽ—’—Ž—ȱŠ— Ž’Ž—ǯȱž›‘Ž›–˜›ŽǰȱŽŒ’•Žȱ ŠœȱŠ™™˜’—ŽȱŠœȱŠȱ•˜ŒŠ•ȱŒ˜ž—Ž›™Š›ȱ˜ȱœž¢ȱ‘Žȱ’–™ŠŒȱ˜ȱŠ••ȱ ˜›Žœȱ›Ž•ŠŽȱ™˜•’Œ’Žœȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱœž¢ȱŠ›ŽŠǯȱ‘Žȱ™›˜›Š–ȱ Šœȱœž™Ž›Ÿ’œŽȱ‹¢ȱ˜žŽ›ȱŽȱ ›˜˜ Š—ȱ˜–ȱŽ•”Š–™ǯȱ’‘ȱ‘’œȱœŽȱž™ȱ Žȱ‘ŠȱŠȱ–ž•’’œŒ’™•’—Š›¢ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽŠ–ȱ˜ȱœž¢ȱ‘Ž ’—Ž›’œŒ’™•’—Š›¢ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱšžŽœ’˜—œȱ˜ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱŒ‘Š—Žǯ ȱ‘ŽȱœŠ›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™›˜“ŽŒȱ’—ȱŠ¢ȱŘŖŖŗȱ ȱ•’ŸŽȱ’—ȱŽ’Ž—ȱŠ—ȱœ™Ž—ȱ–˜œȱ˜ȱ–¢ȱ’–ŽȱŠȱ‘Ž ȱ˜ȱ‹ŽŒ˜–ŽȱŠ–’•’Š›ȱ ’‘ȱ‘ŽȱŸŠ›’˜žœȱœ˜Œ’˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱŠ—ȱŠ—‘›˜™˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ–Ž‘˜œȱŠ— ’ŽŠœȱ’—ȱŽ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š•ȱœž’Žœǰȱ’—ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ‘Žȱȱ‘Šœȱ’œȱŽ¡™Ž›’œŽǯȱ —ȱ‘’œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ ȱ˜ȱ˜ ”—˜ ȱŠȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ’ěȱŽ›Ž—ȱŠœ™ŽŒȱ˜ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱœŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱŠ•‘˜ž‘ȱ ȱ‘˜ž‘ȱ ȱ‘ŠȱŠȱšž’Ž ’—Ž›’œŒ’™•’—Š›¢ȱ–’—œŽȱ ȱ˜ȱ–Š—¢ȱ—Ž ȱ’—œ’‘œȱŠ—ȱ’ŽŠœȱŠ‹˜žȱ‘Žȱž—Œ’˜—’—ȱ˜ȱ‘Ž  ˜›•ȱ˜ȱœŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱ’—ȱŽ—Ž›Š•ȱŠ—ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱœŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱ’—ȱ™Š›’Œž•Š›ǯȱĞȱŽ›ȱŠȱęȱ›œȱęȱŽ• ˜›”ȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ ’—ȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—Žœȱ’—ȱŘŖŖŘǰȱ ȱ–˜ŸŽȱ˜ȱ›ŽŒ‘ǯȱ›˜–ȱ‘Šȱ’–Žȱ˜—ǰȱ ȱœ™Ž—ȱ‘Š•ȱ–¢ȱ’–ŽȱŠ ‘ŽȱȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ‘Š•ȱŠȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹˜›Š˜›¢ȱ˜›ȱ˜’•ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱ Ž˜•˜¢ȱ’—ȱŠŽ—’—Ž—ǯȱ ‘’œȱ Š¢ȱ ȱ ŠœȱŽ¡™˜œŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’ěȱŽ›Ž—ȱ’œŒ’™•’—Š›¢ȱ’—™žœȱ˜ȱ‹˜‘ȱ’—œ’ž’˜—œȱ˜—ȱŠȱ ŽŽ”•¢ ‹Šœ’œǯȱ•‘˜ž‘ȱ ˜›”’—ȱŠȱ ˜ȱ™•ŠŒŽœȱ‹›’—œȱŠ‹˜žȱœ˜–Žȱ˜›Š—’œŠ’˜—Š•ȱ’Ĝ ȱȱŒž•’Žœȱ ȱ‘ŠŸŽ Š• Š¢œȱŽ—“˜¢Žȱ ˜›”’—ȱ’—ȱ‹˜‘ȱ’—œ’ž’˜—œǯȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ’—Ž›’œŒ’™•’—Š›¢ȱŠœ™ŽŒȱ’ȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ Šȱ›ŽŠȱ‹Ž—Žęȱȱ˜ȱ™Š›’Œ’™ŠŽȱ’—ȱ‹˜‘ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ›˜ž™œȱŠ—ȱ ȱ•ŽŠ›—ŽȱŠȱ•˜ȱ›˜–ȱ‹Š•Š—Œ’— ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ‘Žȱ’œŒ’™•’—Žœȱ‘ŠȱŠ›Žȱ›Ž™›ŽœŽ—Žȱ‹¢ȱ‘ŽœŽȱ’—œ’žŽœǯ —ȱ‘Žȱęȱ›œȱ™Š›ȱ˜ȱŘŖŖŚȱŠȱœŽŒ˜—ȱęȱŽ• ˜›”ȱ ŠœȱŒ˜—žŒŽȱ’—ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ ȱ›’Žȱ˜ȱ•’—”ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ȱ žœŽȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ ’‘ȱ‹’˜’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŠ—ȱ—Šž›ŽȱŒ˜—œŽ›ŸŠ’˜—ǯȱĞȱŽ›ȱ‘Šȱ›’™ȱ ȱ ˜›”Žȱ ˜ Š›œȱęȱ—’œ‘’—ȱ‘Žȱ‘ȱœž¢ǯȱ —ȱŒ˜‹Ž›ȱŘŖŖśȱ ȱ Šœȱ›ŽŠ¢ȱ˜ȱœŽ—ȱŠȱęȱ—Š•ȱ›ŠĞȱȱ˜ȱ–¢ œž™Ž›Ÿ’œ˜›œǯ. W.

(11) WJ.

(12) "DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT ‘’œȱ’œœŽ›Š’˜—ȱ’œȱ‘Žȱ›Žœž•ȱ˜ȱ˜ž›ȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ˜ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŠ—ȱ ˜ž•ȱ—˜ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ™˜œœ’‹•Žȱ  ’‘˜žȱ‘Žȱ‘Ž•™ǰȱŒ˜˜™Ž›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱœž™™˜›ȱ˜ȱ–Š—¢ȱ™Ž˜™•Žǯȱ›’’—ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽȬ –Ž—œȱ–¢ȱ‘˜ž‘œȱ˜ȱ‹ŠŒ”ȱ˜ȱŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ˜˜ȱ‘’—œȱ‘Šȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‘Š™™Ž—Žȱ‘ŽœŽȱ™Šœȱ˜ž›ȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ Š—ȱ ȱ•’”Žȱ˜ȱ–Ž—’˜—ȱœ˜–Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽœȱŠ—ȱ™Ž˜™•Žȱ‘Šȱ Ž›Žȱ’—Ÿ˜•ŸŽȱ’—ȱ‘’œǯ ’›œȱ˜ȱŠ••ǰȱ ȱ ˜ž•ȱ•’”Žȱ˜ȱŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽȱ‘Žȱœž™™˜›ȱ˜ȱŠ••ȱ–¢ȱŒ˜••ŽŠžŽœȱŠȱ‹˜‘ȱ‘Žȱ —œ’Ȭ žŽȱ˜ȱ—Ÿ’›˜—–Ž—Š•ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽœȱǻǼȱ’—ȱŽ’Ž—ȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹˜›Š˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ˜’•ȱŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱŠ— Ž˜•˜¢ȱ’—ȱŠŽ—’—Ž—ǯȱ•‘˜ž‘ȱ ȱœ™Ž—ȱ˜—•¢ȱ‘Š•ȱ–¢ȱ’–Žȱ’—ȱ‹˜‘ȱ’—œ’ž’˜—œǰȱ ȱŽŽ•ȱŠȱ ‘˜–Žȱ’—ȱ‹˜‘ǯ ȱ ˜ž•ȱ•’”Žȱ˜ȱ—Š–ŽȱŠȱŽ ȱ™Ž˜™•Žȱ ’‘ȱ ‘˜–ȱ ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ ˜›”Žȱ–˜œȱŒ•˜œŽ•¢ǯȱ’›œ•¢ǰȱ ȱ•’”Žȱ ˜ȱ‘Š—”ȱŠ›Œ˜ȱ ž’Ž—ȱ ’‘ȱ ‘˜–ȱ ȱœ‘Š›ŽȱŠȱ›˜˜–ȱŠȱ‘Žȱȱž›’—ȱ‘ŽœŽȱ¢ŽŠ›œǰȱ ’‘ȱ  ‘˜–ȱ ȱ œ™Ž—ȱ ’–Žȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ‘’•’™™’—Žœȱ Š—ȱ Šȱ –Š—¢ȱ —’ŒŽȱ ›’™œȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜—Ž›Ž—ŒŽœȱ Š—ȱ  ˜›”Ȭ œ‘˜™œǯȱŠ›Œ˜ǰȱ–Š¢‹Žȱ˜ž›ȱŒ‘Š›ŠŒŽ›œȱŠ›ŽȱŠȱ•’Ĵȱ•Žȱ’ěȱŽ›Ž—ǰȱ‹žȱęȱ—Š••¢ȱ Žȱ–Š—ŠŽȱ˜ȱ ˜›” ˜ž›œŽ•ŸŽœȱ‘›˜ž‘ȱ‘’œȱ™›˜“ŽŒǯȱŽȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‘Šȱ˜ž‘ȱ’œŒžœœ’˜—œǰȱ‹žȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—ȱ ȱ‘’—”ȱ’ȱ’œ ™›ŽŒ’œŽ•¢ȱ‘ŽœŽȱ˜ž‘ȱ’œŒžœœ’˜—œȱ‘Šȱ–˜œȱŽŽ™•¢ȱ’—ĚȱžŽ—ŒŽȱ–¢ȱž—Ž›œŠ—’—ȱ˜ȱ ‘Šȱ ’—Ž›’œŒ’™•’—Š›’¢ȱ–ŽŠ—œǯȱ —ȱŠŽ—’—Ž—ȱ ȱœ‘Š›ŽȱŠȱ›˜˜–ȱ ’‘ȱŽŽ›ȱŽ›‹ž›ȱŠ—ȱ Šœ™Ž› ˜”ǯȱŽŽ›ǰȱ¢˜ž›ȱœž™™˜›ȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱŒ›žŒ’Š•ȱ˜›ȱ–¢ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ǯȱ ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ•ŽŠ›—ŽȱŠȱ•˜ȱ›˜–ȱ¢˜ž ›ŽŠ›’—ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱœŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱ ȱ‘˜™Žȱ˜ž›ȱŒ˜••Š‹˜›Š’˜—ȱ ’••ȱŒ˜—’—žŽȱ˜—ȱ™›˜“ŽŒœȱ’—ȱ‘Ž žž›Žǯȱ Šœ™Ž›ǰȱ¢˜žȱŠ• Š¢œȱ‘Š—•Žȱ–¢ȱ–˜˜œȱŽ•ŽŠ—•¢ȱŠ—ȱ Ž›ŽȱŠ• Š¢œȱŠȱ˜˜ȱ’œŒžœȬ œ’˜—ȱ™Š›—Ž›ǯȱŽŒ’•Žǰȱ‘Š—”ȱ¢˜žȱ˜›ȱ¢˜ž›ȱŒ˜—›’‹ž’˜—œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™›˜“ŽŒȱ‹¢ȱ’Ÿ’—ȱžœȱ’—œ’‘ȱ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Š¢ȱ˜›Žœȱ™˜•’ŒŽœȱ ˜›”ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—ŽœǯȱŽ›•ħȱ—ǰȱ ȱ ˜ž•ȱ•’”Žȱ˜ȱ‘Š—”ȱ¢˜žȱ˜›ȱ‘Ž ’—œ™’›’—ȱŒ˜••Š‹˜›Š’˜—ȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŠ—ȱęȱŽ• ˜›”ȱ˜—ȱ‹’˜’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱŠ—ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱ‘Šȱ ›Žœž•Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ™Š™Ž›ȱ˜—ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ‘Š™Ž›ȱŜȱ’œȱ‹ŠœŽǯ ž›’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜ž›ȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ˜ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ‘Šȱ Šœȱœ™Ž—ȱ˜—ȱŒ›ŽŠ’—ȱ‘’œȱ’œœŽ›Š’˜—ȱ—ŽŠ›•¢ȱŠȱ¢ŽŠ›ȱ  Šœȱœ™Ž—ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—Žœǯȱ ȱ›ŠŽž••¢ȱŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽȱ‘Žȱœž™™˜›ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜––’–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ ȱ’—ȱŠ‹ŠŠ—ǰȱŠ—ȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱ—¢ȱŠœ’™’šžŽÛŠȱŠ—ȱ

(13) Š—ȱŸŠ—ȱŽ›ȱ•˜Žǰȱ ‘˜ȱ Ž›Žȱ ‘ŽȱŒ˜˜›’—Š˜›œǯȱ™ŽŒ’Š•ȱ‘Š—”œȱ˜ȱ˜ȱ˜Ž•ȱŽ›Ž£ǰȱ ‘˜ȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ–¢ȱęȱŽ•ȱŠœœ’œŠ—ȱž›’—ȱ ‘ŽȱęȱŽ• ˜›”ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—Žœǯȱ˜Ž•ǰȱ ’‘˜žȱ¢˜ž›ȱ‘Ž•™ȱ ȱŒ˜ž•ȱ—˜ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŒŠ››’Žȱ˜žȱ‘Ž ęȱŽ• ˜›”ǯȱ ȱŸŽ›¢ȱ–žŒ‘ȱŽ—“˜¢Žȱ ˜›”’—ȱ ’‘ȱ¢˜žȱŠ—ȱ–¢ȱ‘˜ž‘œȱ˜ȱ‹ŠŒ”ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–Š—¢ȱ —’ŒŽȱ‘’”Žœȱ Žȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‘Šȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱęȱŽ•ǯ ȱȱŒ’Š•œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱž—’Œ’™Š•’¢ȱ˜ȱŠ—ȱ ȱ ˜ž•ȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱ•’”Žȱ˜ȱŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽȱŠ••ȱ˜ŸŽ›—–Ž—ȱ˜Ĝ Š›’Š—˜ǯȱ˜ž›ȱŒ˜˜™Ž›Š’˜—ȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱŽœœŽ—’Š•ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱœžŒŒŽœœȱ˜ȱ–¢ȱ ˜›”ǯȱ —ȱ‘ŽȱęȱŽ•ȱ ȱ Šœ ‘Ž•™Žȱ‹¢ȱ–Š—¢ȱ™Ž˜™•Žȱ‘Šȱ˜ěȱŽ›Žȱ–ŽȱŠȱ™•ŠŒŽȱ˜ȱœŠ¢ȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ—’‘ǰȱŒ˜˜™Ž›ŠŽȱ ’‘ȱ‘Ž ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ˜›ȱœ’–™•¢ȱŽ—“˜¢ŽȱŠȱ–Ž›’Ž—Šȱ ’‘ȱžœǯȱ —ȱ‘Šȱ›Žœ™ŽŒȱ ȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱ•’”Žȱ˜ȱ‘Š—”ȱ

(14) ˜œŽȱŠ—ȱŠ›’Œ’ŠȱŠ—˜•ǯȱ ȱ ’••ȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱ˜›Žȱ¢˜ž›ȱ‘˜œ™’Š•’¢ȱ˜ȱ–ŽȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱœžŽ—œȱ˜—ȱŠ••ȱ ‘Žȱ˜ŒŒŠœ’˜—œȱ‘Šȱ ŽȱŸ’œ’Žȱ¢˜ž›ȱ‘˜–Žǯ ȱ ˜ž•ȱ•’”Žȱ˜ȱ‘Š—”ȱ‘ŽȱœžŽ—œȱ‘ŠȱŽ’ŒŠŽȱ™Š›ȱ˜ȱ‘Ž’›ȱŒȱœž’Žœȱ˜ȱ˜ȱęȱŽ•ȱ ˜›” ’—ȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—Žœȱ ’‘’—ȱ‘Žȱ›Š–Ž ˜›”ȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ™›˜“ŽŒǯȱŽ——¢ǰȱ˜•ǰȱŠ›ħȱ—ǰȱŠ—Ž›ȱŠ—ȱ ˜žŽ›ǰȱ ȱ‘ŠȱŠȱ—’ŒŽȱ’–Žȱ ˜›”’—ȱ ’‘ȱ¢˜žǯȱ’—Š••¢ǰȱ ȱ•’”Žȱ˜ȱ‘Š—”ȱŽŸŽ›¢‹˜¢ȱ‘Šȱ–ŠŽ ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜œȱ˜ȱęȱŽ• ˜›”ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—ŽœȱŠȱŸŽ›¢ȱ—’ŒŽǰȱ™•ŽŠœŠ—ȱŠ—ȱ–Ž–˜›Š‹•Žȱ’–Žǯ ‘Žȱ  ȱǻ —Œ’Š’˜—ȱ¥ȱ•Ȃž’•’œŠ’˜—ȱŒ’Ž—’ęȱšžŽȱŽœȱ –ŠŽœȱǼȱ™›˜›Š–ȱ’œȱŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽȱ ˜›ȱ™›˜Ÿ’’—ȱȱ’–ŠŽœȱ‘ŠȱŠ›ŽȱžœŽȱ˜›ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱ–Š™ȱ˜›ȱ‘Ž Š›ŽŠȱ’—ȱ‘Š™Ž›œȱśȱŠ—ȱŜǯ ’—Š••¢ǰȱ ȱŠ–ȱ›ŠŽž•ȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱœž™™˜›ȱ˜ȱ–¢ȱ™Š›Ž—œǰȱŠ–’•¢ȱŠ—ȱ›’Ž—œǯȱ˜žȱ–ŠŽȱ–Ž ›ŽŠ•’œŽȱ‘Šȱ ›’’—ȱŠȱ’œœŽ›Š’˜—ȱ’œȱœ˜–Ž‘’—ȱœ™ŽŒ’Š•ǯȱ—ȱ‘Žȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ‘Š—ȱ¢˜žȱ Ž›Žȱ‘Ž›Žȱ ˜ȱ™žȱ‘’—œȱ’—ȱ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ ‘Ž—ȱ ȱ—ŽŽŽȱ’ǯ. WJJ.

(15) 5BCMFPGDPOUFOUT ŗȱȱ Ž—Ž›Š•ȱ’—›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ. ŗ. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ. ŗ ř Ś ś. ŗǯŗȱ ŗǯŘȱ ŗǯřȱ ŗǯŚȱ. Ž•ŽŸŠ—ŒŽȱ Ž‘˜˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱŠ™™›˜ŠŒ‘Žœȱ’—ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱœž’Žœȱ ‹“ŽŒ’ŸŽœȱ ž•’—Žȱ. Řȱ —Š•¢œ’œȱ˜ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱ›’ŸŽ›œȱŠȱ‘Žȱ ŠŽ›œ‘ŽȱŠ—ȱ‘˜žœŽ‘˜•ȱ•ŽŸŽ•DZȱ ȱ ’—”’—ȱ ˜ȱ™Š›Š’–œȱŠȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—Žȱ˜›Žœȱ›’—Ž ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ. WJJJ. Řǯŗȱ ŘǯŘȱ Řǯřȱ ŘǯŚȱ Řǯśȱ. —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ ž¢ȱŠ›ŽŠȱŠ—ȱŠŠȱŒ˜••ŽŒ’˜—ȱ Ž‘˜œȱ Žœž•œȱ ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—Œ•žœ’˜—œȱ. ş ŗŖ ŗŗ ŘŘ Řś řŗ. řȱȱ ˜–™Š›’—ȱ’—žŒ’ŸŽȱŠ—ȱŽžŒ’ŸŽȱ–˜Ž••’—ȱ˜ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱŽŒ’œ’˜—œDZ ȱ ›’—Œ’™•ŽœǰȱŠȱ–˜Ž•ȱŠ—ȱŠ—ȱ’••žœ›Š’˜—ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—Žœȱ. řŝ. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ. řŞ řŞ ŚŚ Śŝ śŗ śś śş Ŝŗ. řǯŗȱ řǯŘȱ řǯřȱ řǯŚȱ řǯśȱ řǯŜȱ řǯŝȱ řǯŞȱ. —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ —žŒ’ŸŽȱŸŽ›œžœȱŽžŒ’ŸŽȱ–˜Ž••’—ȱ ‘ŽȱŒ’˜—Ȭ’—ȬŒ˜—Ž¡ȱ›Š–Ž ˜›”ȱŠ—ȱŽŒ’œ’˜—ȱ–˜Ž•ȱ ŠŽ›’Š•ȱŠ—ȱ–Ž‘˜œȱ žŠ•’Š’ŸŽȱŽœŒ›’™’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽžŒ’ŸŽȱ–˜Ž•ȱ žŠ—’¢’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽžŒ’ŸŽȱ–˜Ž•ȱ ˜Ž•ȱŽœž•œȱ ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ˜—Œ•žœ’˜—œȱ. Śȱȱ ž•’•ŽŸŽ•ȱ–˜Ž••’—ȱ˜ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱ›˜–ȱęȱŽ•ȱ˜ȱŸ’••ŠŽȱ•ŽŸŽ• ȱ ’—ȱ‘Žȱ‘’•’™™’—Žœȱ. Ŝś. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ. ŜŜ Ŝŝ Ŝş ŝś ŝŞ. Śǯŗȱ ŚǯŘȱ Śǯřȱ ŚǯŚȱ Śǯśȱ. —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ ž•’•ŽŸŽ•ȱŠ—Š•¢œ’œȱ ŠŽ›’Š•ȱŠ—ȱ–Ž‘˜œȱ Žœž•œȱ ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ˜—Œ•žœ’˜—œȱ.

(16) śȱȱ ˜–™Š›’œ˜—ȱ˜ȱŠȱŽžŒ’ŸŽȱŠ—ȱŠ—ȱ’—žŒ’ŸŽȱŠ™™›˜ŠŒ‘ȱ˜ȱœ™ŽŒ’¢ ȱ •Š—ȱœž’Š‹’•’¢ȱ’—ȱŠȱœ™Š’Š••¢ȱŽ¡™•’Œ’ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱ–˜Ž•ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ. śǯŗȱ śǯŘȱ śǯřȱ śǯŚȱ śǯśȱ. —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ ž¢ȱŠ›ŽŠȱŠ—ȱŠŠȱŒ˜••ŽŒ’˜—ȱ Ž‘˜œȱ Žœž•œȱ ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—Œ•žœ’˜—œȱ. Şś ŞŜ Şŝ Şş şŜ ŗŖŘ. Ŝȱȱ ›˜“ŽŒ’—ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱŒ‘Š—ŽȱŠ—ȱ’œȱŽěȱŽŒœȱ˜—ȱŽ—Ž–’Œȱ‹’›œ ȱ ’—ȱ‘Žȱ—˜›‘Ž›—ȱ’Ž››ŠȱŠ›Žǰȱ‘’•’™™’—Žœȱ. ŗŖş. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ. ŗŗŖ ŗŗŗ ŗŘŖ ŗŘś. Ŝǯŗȱ ŜǯŘȱ Ŝǯřȱ ŜǯŚȱ. —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ ŠŽ›’Š•ȱŠ—ȱ–Ž‘˜œȱ Žœž•œȱ ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—Œ•žœ’˜—œȱ. ŝȱȱ Ž—Ž›Š•ȱ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—Œ•žœ’˜—œȱ. ŗŘş. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ. ŗŘş ŗřŗ ŗřŘ ŗřŚ ŗřś. ŝǯŗȱ ŝǯŘȱ ŝǯřȱ ŝǯŚȱ ŝǯśȱ. Š—ȱžœŽȱ’—ȱŠ—ȱŠ›’Š—˜ȱ Ž‘˜˜•˜’Žœȱ˜›ȱ•Š—ȱžœŽȱœŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱ Š•žŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜–‹’—Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱŠ™™›˜ŠŒ‘Žœȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ™›ŽœŽ—Žȱœž¢ȱ Žœœ˜—œȱ•ŽŠ›—Žȱ›˜–ȱ™Ž›˜›–’—ȱ’—Ž›’œŒ’™•’—Š›¢ȱ›ŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽœȱ’—ȱ•Š—ȱŒ‘Š—ŽȱœŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱ. ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽœȱ. ȱ. ŗřş. ž––Š›¢ȱ. ȱ. ŗśř. Š–Ž—ŸŠĴȱ’—ȱ. ŗśş. ž››’Œž•ž–ȱ’ŠŽȱ. ŗŜś. JY.

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