Collaborative design support : workshops to stimulate interaction and knowledge exchange between practitioners

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Collaborative design support : workshops to stimulate

interaction and knowledge exchange between practitioners

Citation for published version (APA):

Quanjel, E. M. C. J. (2013). Collaborative design support : workshops to stimulate interaction and knowledge exchange between practitioners. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR750600

DOI:

10.6100/IR750600

Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2013

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6. APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Case Studies: summary

Appendix 2. Competence Profiles Professional Organizations Appendix 3. Definitions of function-types

Appendix 4. Design Tasks of the Definitive CD Workshops (DWS) Appendix 5. WS05: Average documented function-types / sub-solutions Appendix 6. DWS: Used Documents in Design Teams

Appendix 7. DWS: Video Interaction Formats Appendix 8. DWS: Interaction Analysis

Appendix 9. DWS: Average notated function-types / sub-solutions in process (RQ6) Appendix 10. DWS: Morphological Analysis Formats

Appendix 11. DWS: Average notated function-types / sub-solutions in the MO (RQ9) Appendix 12. Examples for analysis

Appendix 13. WS03-WS05: Pre-defined questionnaires and evaluations Appendix 14. DWS: Pre-defined questionnaires and interviews after 6 months

Protocol Appendix 1. Time Schedule for organizing the CD Workshop Protocol Appendix 2. CD Workshop Script

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Appendix 1. Case Studies: summary

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Figure 1.3 Case Studies: other aspects / knowledge transfer.

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Appendix 2 . Competence Profiles Professional Organizations

Figure 2.1 Competence Profiles: BNA.

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Figure 2.2 Competence Profiles: EVC + HBA.

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Figure 2.3 Competence Profiles: Rijnland Advies + TVVL.

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Appendix 3. Definitions of function-types

Function-types: are items that must be incorporated in the product for the design task, or essential items that the design has to fulfill who all the necessary items and the main aspects to consider for the product/building to be designed. As an item relevant to a specific Design Task for a specific function-type more sub-solutions can be generated and applied within the design.

Type of functions is related to the type of knowledge of the professional, which is necessary to use, develop or research the type of function. Related to architects this is object-related knowledge for object-related function-types. For contractors this is related knowledge for realization-related function-types.

Function-types that will be introduced are related to the knowledge domains of the participants who will use them. In the current research functions / sub-functions / aspects are functions which are related to the knowledge domains of architects (object) and installers / roofers (realization); for each function several sub-solutions are possible within a specific design task. This gives categories as follows: object-related functions and realization-related functions.

The knowledge-domains where identified by using the Competence-profiles of the different participants. The second step is to give an overview of the object-related and realization-related functions / aspects which were used in the final WS-setting.

Realization-related functions / aspects (11):

- Rain / waterproof: all aspects related to use / regulation of water for products, building components, systems and total building

- Temperature proof: all aspects related to temperature use / regulation for products, building components, systems and total building

- Ventilation: all aspects related to ventilation of building components, systems and building in total - Maintenance: all aspects related to preserving / servicing material, building components, systems and total building in time

- Safety: all aspects of safe working / use for people in context with material, building components, systems and total building

- Heating and cooling: all aspects of regulation / conditioning of spaces and total building related to heating and cooling

- Sustainable energy generation: all aspects of generating / use of energy for spaces and total building in a sustainable way

- Construct / build: all aspects related to the construction / managing of materials, products, building components, systems and total building

- Comfort / health: all aspects which are related to the comfort and health of people, related to spaces and total building

- Accessibility: all aspects which are related to get access to spaces, building components, systems and total building

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Object-related functions / aspects (14):

- Light / sun-use + protection: all aspects related to the use / regulation of artificial and natural light of materials, building components, spaces and total building

- User space / functions: all functions which can be part of the functioning / use of the total building by their users

- Orientation / sight: all aspects of orientation / sight related to use / functioning of systems, materials, spaces, building components and total building

- Construction: all aspects which are related to the stability / robustness / structure of materials, building components, systems and total building

- Costs / finance / benefit: all aspects of costs / finance / benefit of materials, building components, systems and total building

- Architecture: all aspects of the art / science of structuring / ordering materials, building components, systems and total building related to its context

- Sustainability: all aspects related to the preservation of value for use of materials, building components, systems, total building and context in time

- Building physics: all aspects dealing with mechanics, dynamics, light, heat, sound, electricity and magnetism within materials, building components, systems and total building

- Fire protection: all aspects managing / preservation of people, constructions and total building related to damage by fire / smoke

- Utilities: all aspects which are indirect necessary to the use of spaces and total building - Shape: form of materials, spaces, building components, systems and total building - Material: all aspects related to the substance of which anything is made

- Users: all aspects related to the clients / users of spaces, systems and total building

- Flexibility: all aspects related to the flexible use of processes, projects and products, materials, building components, systems, spaces and total building

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Appendix 4. Design Tasks of the Definitive Workshops (DWS)

DESIGN TASK 1 / INDIVIDUAL TASK

Figures 4.1 Lleft top; original photograph of St. Jobsveem Rotterdam, right top; figure of the situation, left down; main façades and sections of the building; the top floor has to be remodeled in the design task.

Location: Harbor of Rotterdam; existing Industrial Building St. Jobsveem (1913) at the Lloydspier; innovative hybrid steel-concrete construction for storage of commercial trading bulk

Task: design on top of this building additional public functions and a new roof, which has to provide sustainable energy to these new functions and the total building

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DESIGN TASK 2 / TEAM TASK

Figure 4.2. Left top; old photograph of original used building Las Palmas (in red circle), left down; existing building after first use, right top; Las Palmas (in red circle) building with new roof-top and new surrounded buildings on Kop van Zuid-development, right down; section and plan of the existing construction.

Location: Harbor of Rotterdam; existing Industrial Building, Las Palmas (arch. Van den Broek en Bakema, 1953); storage building for ship-equipment / machinery and general storage for shipping goods

Task: design on the existing flat roof, new public functions with an auditorium (info sustainable energy) and 50 life-cycle dwellings, with the focus on the new roof(s) for these functions; the roof has to be part of the sustainable energy generation / production of this function and the rest of the existing building

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DESIGN TASK 3 / TEAM TASK

Figure 4.3 Top left; original situation National British Museum, top right; figure of the courtyard and atrium as location for new roof, bottom left; photo of new courtyard by Forster, bottom right; photo of new space-roof by Foster.

Location: the National British Museum in London, which was built by Sir Robert Smirke the 19th century and was remodeled by architect Sir Norman Foster in 2000 through the addition of a new courtyard and new space-frame roof

Task: Design a new roof, as an alternative to the roof of Foster for the courtyard for public functions of the museum

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Appendix 5. WS05: Average documented function-types / sub-solutions.

In this Appendix 5. for each specific design task (Task n) the average notated function-types from the reference-list and related sub-solutions for the individual practitioners (Architect or Contractor) are presented first in the table with the contributions per practitioner-type in the Design Team and the corresponding graphical format. At the end of this appendix an overview for all design tasks are organized in separate tables.

Figure 5.1 WS05: Average documented, Task 2 NMO / X1.

WS05 T2 NMO / X1 ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR

1. Rain / waterproof 2,0 1,0 2. Temperature proof 0,0 1,0 3. Ventilation 0,0 0,0 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,0 5. Safety 0,0 0,0

6. Heating & Cooling 0,0 0,0 7. Sustainable energy generation 3,0 1,0 8. Construct & Build 2,0 0,0 9. Comfort & Health 0,0 0,0

10. Accessibility 0,0 0,0

11. Operational 0,0 0,0

12. Light / sun-use & Protection 1,0 0,0 13. Functions for building & roof 4,0 3,0

14. Orientation & Sight 0,0 0,0

15. Construction 1,0 1,0

16. Costs & Finance & Benefit 0,0 1,0

17. Architecture 0,0 0,0 18. Sustainability 0,0 0,0 19. Building physics 0,0 0,0 20. Fire protection 0,0 0,0 21. Utilities 1,0 1,0 22. Shape 2,0 1,0 23. Material 2,0 2,0 24. Users 0,0 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0

WS 05 T2 NMO / X1 ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR

TOTAL Realization 7,0 3,0

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2 Teams: A1, A2

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WS 05 TASK 2 MO / Y1 ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR 1. Rain / waterproof 2,0 1,0 2. Temperature proof 0,0 0,5 3. Ventilation 1,0 2,0 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,0 5. Safety 0,0 0,0

WS 05 TASK 2 MO / Y1 ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR

TOTAL Object 17,0 6,0

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3 Teams: B1, B2, B3

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WS 05 TASK 3 NMO / Y2 ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR 1. Rain / waterproof 1,0 1,0 2. Temperature proof 0,0 1,0 3. Ventilation 0,0 0,0 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,0 5. Safety 0,0 0,0

WS 05 TASK 3 NMO / Y2 ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR

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3 Teams: A3, A4, A5

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WS 05 TASK 3 MO / X2 ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR 1. Rain / waterproof 2,0 1,0 2. Temperature proof 1,0 2,0 3. Ventilation 1,0 0,0 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,0 5. Safety 1,0 0,0

WS 05 TASK 3 MO / X2 ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR

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Derived from the average results Total, on the botom of the tables for each Design Task presented, the folowing overviews can be presented with average numbers notated and related (between brackets). Within each Design Task the total contributed object- and realization knowledge is 100%, this is the horzizontal row in the table below. In the result-section for WS05 the percentages are used.

WS 05 ARCHITECTS CONTRACTORS

OBJECT REALIZATION OBJECT REALIZATION

T2 NMO / X1 11 (37%) 7 (23%) 9 (30%) 3 (10%)

T2 MO / Y1 17 (45%) 8 (21%) 6 (16%) 7 (18%)

T3 NMO / Y2 6 (29%) 3 (14%) 9 (43%) 3 (14%)

T3 MO / X2 21 (47%) 14 (31%) 3 (7%) 7 (15%)

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Appendix 6. DWS: Used Documents in Design Teams

Overview of produced documents with sketches and with the Morphological Overview (MO) per Design Task, Group (X, Y) and Design Team. The total results are presented in a table in the result-section 3.4.2 for RQ5.

PRODUCED DOCUMENTS /

TASK / TEAM

DWS TASK / GROUP / TEAM ARCHITECT A A TOTAL CONTRACTOR C C TOTAL SKETCH MO SKETCH MO 1 T2 / X1 NMO / B1 4 4 1 1 T2 / X1 NMO / B2 5 5 1 1 T2 / X1 NMO / B3 2 2 1 1 T2 / Y1 MO1 / B5 3 2 5 0 0 0 T2 / Y1 MO1 / B6 3 1 4 1 0 1 T2 / Y1 MO1 / B7 2 2 4 0 0 0 T3 / X2 MO1 / C1 3 1 4 1 0 1 T3 / X2 MO1 / C2 2 0 2 1 0 1 T3 / X2 MO1 / C3 3 1 4 1 1 2 T3 / Y2 MO2 / C5 2 1 3 0 0 0 T3 / Y2 MO2 / C6 1 2 3 0 0 0 T3 / Y2 MO2 / C7 3 0 3 0 0 0 2 T2 / X1 NMO / B1 2 2 1 1 T2 / X1 NMO / B2 4 4 1 1 T2 / X1 NMO / B3 4 4 1 1 T2 / Y1 MO1 / B6 1 1 2 1 2 3 T2 / Y1 MO1 / B9 2 1 3 0 0 0 T2 / Y1 MO1 / B10 3 1 4 1 3 4 T3 / X2 MO1 / C1 2 2 4 1 3 4 T3 / X2 MO1 / C2 3 1 4 1 0 0 T3 / X2 MO1 / C3 4 0 4 1 2 3 T3 / Y2 MO2 / C6 3 1 4 0 0 0 T3 / Y2 MO2 / C7 7 1 8 1 0 1 T3 / Y2 MO2 / C8 1 0 1 1 1 2 DWS TOTAL 69 18 87 17 12 29 DWS TOTAL / PERCENTAGE 60% 15% 75% 15% 10% 25%

Remark: because the DWS 02, Design Team C6 could not be monitored by video and thus not part of the analyses, this Team C6 was also not taken into account for the analysis for this overview

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Appendix 7. DWS: Video Interaction Formats

In this Appendix 6. for each specific design task (Task n) for the Definitive Collaborative Design Workshops (DWS) the average communicated (Talk, Sketch, MO) function-types from the reference-list and related sub-solutions for the individual practitioners (Architect or Contractor) are presented in the graphical format of the Video Interaction Format (VIF). VIF’s are presented in series of DWS01 and subsequential DWS02.

In the following Appendix 7. the steps are presented which lead to these overviews. First: overviews for each team within a specific design task are presented in tables. Second: comprehensive overviews for all teams within one specific design task setting are presented.

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DWS01 T3 C3 (X2) MO1

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DWS02 T2 B3 (X1) NMO

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DWS02 T2 B6 (Y1) MO1

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DWS02 T2 B9 (Y1) MO1

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DWS02 T2 B10 (Y1) MO1

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DWS02 T3 C1 (X2) MO1

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DWS02 T3 C2 (X2) MO1

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DWS02 T3 C3 (X2) MO1

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DWS02 T3 C6 (Y2) MO2 / VIDEO DAMAGED Figure 7.22 DWS02, Task 3, Team C6, GroupY2, MO2.

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DWS02 T3 C7 (Y2) MO2

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DWS02 T3 C8 (Y2) MO2

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Appendix 8. DWS: Interaction Analysis

In this Appendix 8 the overviews are presented for the results of the analysis of the Video Interaction Formats (VIF) from Appendix 7. This Appendix views the different steps within this analysis related to the different aspects of interaction. This calculation has to be done in two ways, for three aspects related to interaction.

Three aspects were viewed related to interaction within Design Teams: 1 Interaction-type Processed and Not Processed (Figure 60)

On the level of interaction in the Design Teams the first view is to determine whether there is interaction or not.

2. When Processed: Communication-types (Figure 61 and 62):

Important is if the architect and especially the contractor are able to give input (function-types and sub-solutions) to the discussion about the Design Task through the use of communication-types: Talk, Sketch and MO.

3 When Processed: Interaction-types (Figure 63.1 and 63.2):

Additionally to the use of communication-types the interaction has to be judged on the interaction. This implies that both architect and contractor send and receive items (function-types and sub-solutions) about the Design Task.

This Appendix 8. consists of the following parts:

- First: overviews of the individual teams in each Definitive Workshop (DWS 01, DWS02): The Interaction Overview. These overviews are the transcription in numbers of used communication- (Talk, Sketch, MO) and interaction-types (send, received; Processed and Not Processed), derived from the VIF.

- Second: overviews of all teams within a Design Task Setting: the Interaction Overview Total. Per DWS, the total amount of used communication- (Talk, Sketch, MO) and interaction-types (send, received; Processed and Not Processed), derived from the individual VIF are presented.

- Third: from the two DWS one overview per Design Task is derived: the average of the used communication- and interaction-types; in numbers and percentages

- Fourth: overview of Processed and Not Processed used communication- and interaction-types: in percentages. This overview is the first result-table in the result-section of RQ7.

- Fifth: overview of explicit Processed function-types (F) and sub-solutions (SS). Derived from this overview two specific overviews are presented; one related to explicit Processed communication-types (percentages) and the second related to explicit Processed interaction-types. These are the second and third result-tables in the result-section of RQ7.

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- First: overviews of the individual teams in each Definitive Workshop (DWS 01, DWS02): The Interaction Overview. These overviews are the transcription in numbers of used communication- (Talk, Sketch, MO) and interaction-types (send, received; Processed and Not Processed), derived from the VIF.

DWS01 T2, Team B1, X1, NMO

The grey boxes in the overviews for X1 are used to explicate the situation were the MO is not used

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DWS01, T2, Team: B5, Y1, MO1

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DWS01, T2, Team: B6, Y1, MO1

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DWS01, T2, Team: B7, Y1, MO1

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DWS01 T3, Team: C1, X2, MO1

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DWS01 T3, Team: C2, X2, MO1

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DWS01 T3, Team: C3, X2, MO1

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DWS01 T3, Team: C5, Y2, MO2

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DWS01 T3, Team: C6, Y2, MO2

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DWS01 T3, Team: C7, Y2, MO2

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DWS02 T2, Team: B1, X1, NMO

The grey boxes in the overviews for X1 are used to explicate the situation were the MO is not used

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DWS02 T2, Team: B6, Y1, MO1

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DWS02 T2, Team: B9, Y1, MO1

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DWS02 T2, Team: B10, Y1, MO1

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DWS02 T3, Team: C1, X2, MO1

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DWS02 T3, Team: C2, X2, MO1

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DWS02 T3, Team: C3, X2, MO1

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DWS02 T3, Team: C6, Y2, MO2 (DAMAGED VIDEO)

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DWS02 T3, Team: C7, Y2, MO2

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DWS02 T3, Team: C8, Y2, MO2

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- Second: overviews of all teams within a Design Task Setting: the Interaction Overview Total. Per DWS, the total amount of used communication- (Talk, Sketch, MO) and interaction-types (send, received; Processed and Not Processed), derived from the individual VIF are presented.

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DWS TOTAL / TEAM B1-B3 / X1 / NMO

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DWS TOTAL / TEAM B5-B8 / Y1 / MO1

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DWS TOTAL / TEAM C1-C3 / X2 / MO1

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DWS TOTAL / TEAM C5-C7, C9-C10 / Y2 / MO2

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- Third: from DWS01 and DWS02 one overview per Design Task is derived, DWS Total: the average of the used communication- and interaction-types; in numbers and percentages

Figure 8.29 DWS Total: the average of the used communication- and interaction-types; in numbers and percentages.

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- Fourth: overview of Processed and Not Processed used communication- and interaction-types: in percentages. This overview is the first result-table in the result-section of RQ7.

INTERACTION PROCESSED AND NOT PROCESSED

OVERVIEW RELATED TO COMMUNICATION-TYPES AND PRACTITIONER-TYPES PER DESIGN TASK

Between brackets in DWS Teams: amount of teams monitored

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- Fifth: overview of explicit Processed function-types (F) and sub-solutions (SS). Derived from this overview two specific overviews are presented; one related to explicit Processed communication-types (percentages) and the second related to explicit Processed interaction-types. These are the second and third result-tables in the result-section of RQ7.

Figure 8.31 DWS Total: Overview Interaction: Explicit Processed function-types and sub-solutions average, per design-task setting, per practitioner-type.

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INTERACTION AND COMMUNICATION-TYPES

OVERVIEW PROCESSED ITEMS PER DESIGN TASK: PERCENTAGES OF AVERAGE NOTATED FUNCTION-TYPES AND SUB-SOLUTIONS

Between brackets in DWS Teams: amount of teams monitored

Figure 8.32 DWS Total: Overview Interaction and Communication-types: Average notated function-types and sub-solutions, per practitioner-type.

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INTERACTION AND COMMUNICATION-TYPES

OVERVIEW PROCESSED ITEMS PER DESIGN TASK: PERCENTAGES OF AVERAGE NOTATED FUNCTION-TYPES AND SUB-SOLUTIONS, COMPARE X1 (WITHOUT LOOSE INTRODUCTION MO) AND AVERAGE Y1, X2 AND Y2 (WITH LOOSE INTRODUCTION MO)

Figure 8.33 DWS Total: Overview Interaction and Communication-types: Compare design-task setting with and without MO, Average notated function-types and sub-solutions, per practitioner-type.

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INTERACTION AND INTERACTION-TYPES

OVERVIEW SEND AND RECEIVED FUNCTION-TYPES (F) AND SUB-SOLUTIONS (SS) PER PRACTITIONER TYPE

Between brackets DWS Total; amount of teams monitored per Design Task

Figure 8.34 DWS Total: Overview Interaction and Interaction-types: Balance and Effectiveness: Send and received function-types (left) and sub-solutions (right), per practitioner-type.

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Appendix 9. DWS: Average notated function-types / sub-solutions in process

(RQ 6)

In this Appendix 9. for each specific design task (Task n) for the Definitive Collaborative Design Workshops (DWS) the average notated (Sketch, MO) function-types from the reference-list and related sub-solutions for the individual practitioners (Architect or Contractor) are presented in a graphical format. These graphical overviews are presented at the end of part three and in combination with the result overviews in this Appendix 9.; average notated function-types and sub-solutions per practitioner-type, per design task. This Appendix ends with the tables as a result

These results are determined from the Video Observation Formats (VOF). At the end of this Appendix 9. the steps are presented of the determination from these VOF’s which lead to these overviews:

- First: overviews for each design team within a specific design task are presented in tables. These tables show the amount of notated sub-solutions of a specific function-type by a practitioner-type (Architect or Contractor) within a design team for a specific design task and DWS.

- Second: overviews represent the average notated amount of sub-solutions of a specific function-type by a practitioner-function-type (Architect or Contractor) for all design teams for a specific design task and DWS. - Third: overviews of all DWS, DWS Total, which represent the average of the two DWS and are transformed in the graphical formats presented in the first part. The results of these overviews are used in the result-section related to Research Question RQ 6 as presented in the tables of part four. .

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First: overviews for each design team within a specific design task are presented in tables. These tables show the amount of notated sub-solutions of a specific function-type by a practitioner-type (Architect or Contractor) within a design team for a specific design task and DWS. In the green part of the table: realization-related function-types.

DWS 01 T2 NMO (X1) ARCHITECT B1 CONTRACTOR B1 ARCHITECT B2 CONTRACTOR B2 ARCHITECT B3 CONTRACTOR B3 1. Rain / waterproof 0 0 0 3 3 0 2. Temperature proof 0 0 1 0 0 0 3. Ventilation 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. Safety 0 0 0 0 0 0

6. Heating & Cooling 2 0 3 5 4 0

7. Sustainable energy generation 8 0 4 6 14 1

8. Construct & Build 0 0 0 0 0 0

9. Comfort & Health 0 0 0 0 0 0

10. Accessibility 0 0 1 0 0 0

11. Operational 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. Light / sun-use & Protection 0 0 1 0 3 0

13. Functions building & roof 12 0 0 1 5 0

14. Orientation & Sight 10 0 0 0 1 0

15. Construction 0 0 1 2 5 1

16. Costs & Finance & Benefit 0 0 1 1 0 0

17. Architecture 0 0 9 3 9 0 18. Sustainability 0 0 1 1 5 0 19. Building physics 0 0 0 0 1 0 20. Fire protection 0 0 0 0 0 0 21. Utilities 5 0 3 6 2 0 22. Shape 3 1 0 0 4 0 23. Material 0 0 0 0 0 0 24. Users 0 0 0 0 0 0 25. Flexibility 0 0 0 0 0 0 DWS 01 T2 NMO (X1) ARCHITECT B1 CONTRACTOR B1 ARCHITECT B2 CONTRACTOR B2 ARCHITECT B3 CONTRACTOR B3 TOTAL Realization 10 0 9 14 21 1 TOTAL Object 30 1 16 14 35 1 DWS01 T2, Teams: B1, B2, B3, X1, NMO

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DWS 02 T2 NMO (X1) ARCHITECT B1 CONTRACTOR B1 ARCHITECT B2 CONTRACTOR B2 ARCHITECT B3 CONTRACTOR B3 1. Rain / waterproof 0 0 1 0 1 0 2. Temperature proof 0 0 0 0 1 1 3. Ventilation 2 0 2 0 1 0 4. Maintenance 0 0 4 0 0 0 5. Safety 0 0 0 0 0 0

17. Architecture 0 0 5 0 8 0 18. Sustainability 0 0 1 0 0 0 19. Building physics 0 0 1 0 0 0 20. Fire protection 0 0 0 0 0 1 21. Utilities 2 1 4 0 4 0 22. Shape 5 3 4 0 1 0 23. Material 0 0 0 0 1 0 24. Users 0 0 0 0 0 0 25. Flexibility 0 0 0 0 0 0 DWS 02 T2 NMO (X1) ARCHITECT B1 CONTRACTOR B1 ARCHITECT B2 CONTRACTOR B2 ARCHITECT B3 CONTRACTOR B3 TOTAL Realization 6 2 16 0 6 5 TOTAL Object 44 8 28 1 27 4 DWS02 T2, Teams: B1, B2, B3, X1, NMO

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DWS 01 T2 MO1 (Y1) ARCHITECT B5 CONTRACTOR B5 ARCHITECT B6 CONTRACTOR B6 ARCHITECT B7 CONTRACTOR B7 1. Rain / waterproof 0 0 1 0 0 0 2. Temperature proof 0 0 2 0 1 0 3. Ventilation 0 0 1 0 0 0 4. Maintenance 0 0 0 0 12 0 5. Safety 0 0 0 0 1 0

17. Architecture 2 0 0 0 9 0 18. Sustainability 1 0 6 0 1 0 19. Building physics 0 0 0 0 11 0 20. Fire protection 0 0 0 0 2 0 21. Utilities 8 0 2 0 0 0 22. Shape 1 0 14 0 0 0 23. Material 0 0 17 0 0 0 24. Users 0 0 0 0 1 0 25. Flexibility 0 0 9 0 0 0

DWS 01 T2 MO1 (Y1) ARCHITECT B5 CONTRACTOR B5 ARCHITECT B6 CONTRACTOR B6 ARCHITECT B7 CONTRACTOR B7 TOTAL Realization 7 0 25 1 36 0 TOTAL Object 39 0 66 0 47 0

DWS01 T2, Teams: B5, B6, B7, Y1, MO1

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DWS 02 T2 MO1 (Y1) ARCHITECT B6 CONTRACTOR B6 ARCHITECT B9 CONTRACTOR B9 ARCHITECT B10 CONTRACTOR B10 1. Rain / waterproof 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. Temperature proof 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. Ventilation 0 0 1 0 0 1 4. Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. Safety 0 0 0 0 0 0

DWS 02 T2 MO1 (Y1) ARCHITECT B6 CONTRACTOR B6 ARCHITECT B9 CONTRACTOR B9 ARCHITECT B10 CONTRACTOR B10 TOTAL Realization 1 7 7 0 7 10 TOTAL Object 12 18 22 0 33 29

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DWS 01 T3 MO1 (X2) ARCHITECT C1 CONTRACTOR C1 ARCHITECT C2 CONTRACTOR C2 ARCHITECT C3 CONTRACTOR C3 1. Rain / waterproof 6 0 1 1 4 2 2. Temperature proof 2 0 0 0 0 0 3. Ventilation 3 1 2 2 0 0 4. Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. Safety 0 0 0 0 1 0

17. Architecture 3 0 3 0 17 0 18. Sustainability 0 0 0 0 0 0 19. Building physics 0 0 0 0 0 0 20. Fire protection 0 0 0 0 0 0 21. Utilities 0 0 1 0 3 2 22. Shape 2 0 0 0 0 0 23. Material 0 0 3 0 1 0 24. Users 1 0 0 0 0 0 25. Flexibility 0 0 0 0 0 0 DWS 01 T3 MO1 (X2) ARCHITECT C1 CONTRACTOR C1 ARCHITECT C2 CONTRACTOR C2 ARCHITECT C3 CONTRACTOR C3 TOTAL Realization 25 4 18 16 23 20 TOTAL Object 17 0 14 0 28 3 DWS01 T3, Teams: C1, C2, C3, X2, MO1

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DWS 02 T3 MO1 (X2) ARCHITECT C1 CONTRACTOR C1 ARCHITECT C2 CONTRACTOR C2 ARCHITECT C3 CONTRACTOR C3 1. Rain / waterproof 2 2 3 0 0 1 2. Temperature proof 0 1 0 0 0 0 3. Ventilation 0 1 7 0 0 5 4. Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 1 5. Safety 0 0 0 0 0 1

17. Architecture 1 7 0 0 0 4 18. Sustainability 0 0 5 1 2 2 19. Building physics 0 1 0 0 0 0 20. Fire protection 0 0 0 0 2 1 21. Utilities 1 7 1 0 0 2 22. Shape 2 7 12 0 2 2 23. Material 0 0 0 0 0 1 24. Users 0 0 0 0 0 0 25. Flexibility 0 0 0 0 0 0 DWS 02 T3 MO1 (X2) ARCHITECT C1 CONTRACTOR C1 ARCHITECT C2 CONTRACTOR C2 ARCHITECT C3 CONTRACTOR C3 TOTAL Realization 4 12 24 2 0 21 TOTAL Object 4 37 31 1 9 21 DWS02 T3, Teams: C1, C2, C3, X2, MO1

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DWS 01 T3 MO2 (Y2) ARCHITECT C5 CONTRACTOR C5 ARCHITECT C6 CONTRACTOR C6 ARCHITECT C7 CONTRACTOR C7 1. Rain / waterproof 1 0 5 0 0 0 2. Temperature proof 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. Ventilation 9 0 2 0 0 0 4. Maintenance 0 0 4 0 0 0 5. Safety 0 0 1 0 0 0

DWS 01 T3 MO2 (Y2) ARCHITECT C5 CONTRACTOR C5 ARCHITECT C6 CONTRACTOR C6 ARCHITECT C7 CONTRACTOR C7 TOTAL Realization 37 0 25 0 15 0 TOTAL Object 17 0 35 0 24 0

DWS01 T3, Teams: C5, C6, C7, Y2, MO2

Figure 9.7 Notated in Process: DW01, Task 3, Teams C5, C6, C7, Group Y2, MO2.

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DWS 02 T3 MO2 (Y2) ARCHITECT

C6 CONTRACTOR C6 ARCHITECT C7 CONTRACTOR C7 ARCHITECT C8 CONTRACTOR C8 1. Rain / waterproof 0 0 1 0 5 1 2. Temperature proof 0 0 0 0 0 1 3. Ventilation 0 0 6 0 1 1 4. Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. Safety 0 0 0 0 0 0

DWS 02 T3 MO2 (Y2) ARCHITECT

C6 CONTRACTOR C6 ARCHITECT C7 CONTRACTOR C7 ARCHITECT C8 CONTRACTOR C8 TOTAL Realization 0 0 36 2 18 16 TOTAL Object 0 0 43 1 11 23

DWS02 MO2, Teams: C6, C7, C8, Task 3, Y2

Team C6: damaged video-recording > not monitored

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Second: overviews represent the average notated amount of sub-solutions of a specific function-type by a practitioner-type (Architect or Contractor) for all design teams for a specific design task and DWS (DWS01, DWS02). Additionally In the green part of the table: realization-related function-types.

DWS 01 T2 NMO (X1) / TOTAL ARCHITECT B1, B2, B3 CONTRACTOR B1, B2, B3 1. Rain / waterproof 1,0 1,0 2. Temperature proof 0,3 0,0 3. Ventilation 0,0 0,0 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,0 5. Safety 0,0 0,0

6. Heating & Cooling 3,0 1,7

7. Sustainable energy generation 8,7 2,3

8. Construct & Build 0,0 0,0

9. Comfort & Health 0,0 0,0

12. Light / sun-use & Protection 1,3 0,0

13. Functions building & roof 5,7 0,3

17. Architecture 6,0 1,0 18. Sustainability 2,0 0,3 19. Building physics 0,3 0,0 20. Fire protection 0,0 0,0 21. Utilities 3,3 2,0 22. Shape 2,3 0,3 23. Material 0,0 0,0 24. Users 0,0 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0 DWS 01 T2 NMO (X1) / TOTAL ARCHITECT B1, B2, B3 CONTRACTOR B1, B2, B3 TOTAL Realization 13,3 5,0 TOTAL Object 27,2 5,3

Figure 9.9 Notated in Process: DW01; Average all teams, Task 2, Teams B1, B2, B3, Group X1, NMO.

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DWS 02 T2 NMO (X1) / TOTAL ARCHITECT B1, B2, B3 CONTRACTOR B1, B2, B3 1. Rain / waterproof 0,7 0,0 2. Temperature proof 0,3 0,3 3. Ventilation 1,7 0,0 4. Maintenance 1,3 0,0 5. Safety 0,0 0,0

17. Architecture 4,3 0,0 18. Sustainability 0,3 0,0 19. Building physics 0,3 0,0 20. Fire protection 0,0 0,3 21. Utilities 3,3 0,3 22. Shape 3,3 1,0 23. Material 0,3 0,0 24. Users 0,0 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0 DWS 02 T2 NMO (X1) / TOTAL ARCHITECT B1, B2, B3 CONTRACTOR B1, B2, B3 TOTAL Realization 9,3 2,3 TOTAL Object 33,0 4,3

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DWS 01 T2 MO1 (Y1) / TOTAL ARCHITECT B5, B6, B7 CONTRACTOR B5, B6, B7 1. Rain / waterproof 0,3 0,0 2. Temperature proof 1,0 0,0 3. Ventilation 0,3 0,0 4. Maintenance 4,0 0,0 5. Safety 0,3 0,0

17. Architecture 3,7 0,0 18. Sustainability 2,7 0,0 19. Building physics 3,7 0,0 20. Fire protection 0,7 0,0 21. Utilities 3,3 0,0 22. Shape 5,0 0,0 23. Material 5,7 0,0 24. Users 0,3 0,0 25. Flexibility 3,0 0,0 DWS 01 T2 MO1 (Y1) / TOTAL ARCHITECT B5, B6, B7 CONTRACTOR B5, B6, B7 TOTAL Realization 22,7 0,3 TOTAL Object 50,7 0,0

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DWS 02 T2 MO1 (Y1) / TOTAL ARCHITECT B6, B9, B10 CONTRACTOR B6, B9, B10 1. Rain / waterproof 0,0 0,0 2. Temperature proof 0,0 0,0 3. Ventilation 0,3 0,3 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,0 5. Safety 0,0 0,0

17. Architecture 6,3 4,0 18. Sustainability 0,0 1,0 19. Building physics 0,0 0,0 20. Fire protection 0,0 0,0 21. Utilities 2,3 0,0 22. Shape 5,0 3,7 23. Material 0,0 0,3 24. Users 0,0 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0 DWS 02 T2 MO1 (Y1) / TOTAL ARCHITECT B6, B9, B10 CONTRACTOR B6, B9, B10 TOTAL Realization 5,0 5,7 TOTAL Object 22,3 15,7

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DWS 01 T3 MO1 (X2) / TOTAL ARCHITECT C1, C2, C3 CONTRACTOR C1, C2, C3 1. Rain / waterproof 3,7 1,0 2. Temperature proof 0,7 0,0 3. Ventilation 1,7 1,0 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,0 5. Safety 0,3 0,0

17. Architecture 7,7 0,0 18. Sustainability 0,0 0,0 19. Building physics 0,0 0,0 20. Fire protection 0,0 0,0 21. Utilities 1,3 0,7 22. Shape 0,7 0,0 23. Material 1,3 0,0 24. Users 0,3 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0 DWS 01 T3 MO1 (X2) / TOTAL ARCHITECT C1, C2, C3 CONTRACTOR C1, C2, C3 TOTAL Realization 22,0 13,3 TOTAL Object 19,7 1,0

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DWS 02 T3 MO1 (X2) / TOTAL ARCHITECT C1, C2, C3 CONTRACTOR C1, C2, C3 1. Rain / waterproof 1,7 1,0 2. Temperature proof 0,0 0,3 3. Ventilation 2,3 2,0 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,3 5. Safety 0,0 0,3

17. Architecture 0,3 3,7 18. Sustainability 2,3 1,0 19. Building physics 0,0 0,3 20. Fire protection 0,7 0,3 21. Utilities 0,7 3,0 22. Shape 5,3 3,0 23. Material 0,0 0,3 24. Users 0,0 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0 DWS 02 T3 MO1 (X2) / TOTAL ARCHITECT C1, C2, C3 CONTRACTOR C1, C2, C3 TOTAL Realization 9,3 11,7 TOTAL Object 14,7 19,7

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DWS 01 T3 MO2 (Y2) / TOTAL ARCHITECT C5, C6, C7 CONTRACTOR C5, C6, C7 1. Rain / waterproof 2,0 0,0 2. Temperature proof 0,0 0,0 3. Ventilation 3,7 0,0 4. Maintenance 1,3 0,0 5. Safety 0,3 0,0

17. Architecture 2,3 0,0 18. Sustainability 1,3 0,0 19. Building physics 0,3 0,0 20. Fire protection 0,0 0,0 21. Utilities 0,3 0,0 22. Shape 4,3 0,0 23. Material 1,0 0,0 24. Users 0,3 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0 DWS 01 T3 MO2 (Y2) / TOTAL ARCHITECT C5, C6, C7 CONTRACTOR C5, C6, C7 TOTAL Realization 25,7 0,0 TOTAL Object 25,3 0,0

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DWS 02 T3 MO2 (Y2) / TOTAL ARCHITECT C7, C8 CONTRACTOR C7, C8 1. Rain / waterproof 3,0 0,5 2. Temperature proof 0,0 0,5 3. Ventilation 3,5 0,5 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,0 5. Safety 0,0 0,0

17. Architecture 3,5 0,0 18. Sustainability 0,5 1,0 19. Building physics 1,0 1,5 20. Fire protection 0,5 0,0 21. Utilities 6,5 1,5 22. Shape 2,5 1,0 23. Material 0,5 1,0 24. Users 0,0 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0 DWS 02 T3 MO2 (Y2) / TOTAL ARCHITECT C7, C8 CONTRACTOR C7, C8 TOTAL Realization 27,0 9,0 TOTAL Object 27,0 12,0

Team C6 was not viewed; average 2 teams

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Third: overviews of all DWS, DWS Total, which represent the average of the two DWS. These tables are transformed into the graphical formats which are presented in the beginning of this Appendix. The results of the overviews in the tables are used in the result-section related to Research Question RQ 6 as in tables of the fourth part.

Between brackets: percentage of the average notated items, for DWS Total Task 2 MO1

Figure 9.17 Notated in Process: DWS Total, Average all teams, Task 2, Teams B1, B2, B3, Group X1, NMO. DWS TOTAL T2 NMO (X1) / AVERAGE ARCHITECT B1, B2, B3 CONTRACTOR B1, B2, B3 1. Rain / waterproof 0,8 0,5 2. Temperature proof 0,3 0,2 3. Ventilation 0,8 0,0 4. Maintenance 0,7 0,0 5. Safety 0,0 0,0

17. Architecture 5,2 0,5 18. Sustainability 1,2 0,2 19. Building physics 0,3 0,0 20. Fire protection 0,0 0,2 21. Utilities 3,3 1,2 22. Shape 2,8 0,7 23. Material 0,2 0,0 24. Users 0,0 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0 DWS TOTAL T2 NMO (X1) / AVERAGE TOTAL ARCHITECT B1, B2, B3 CONTRACTOR B1, B2, B3 TOTAL Realization 11,3 (23%) 3,7 (7%) TOTAL Object 30,0 (60%) 4,8 (10%)

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Figure 9.18 Notated in Process: DWS Total, Average all teams, Task 2, Teams B1, B2, B3, Group X1, NMO; graphical representation.

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DWS TOTAL T2 MO1 (Y1) / AVERAGE ARCHITECT B5, B6, B7, B9, B10 CONTRACTOR B5, B6, B7, B9, B10 1. Rain / waterproof 0,2 0,0 2. Temperature proof 0,5 0,0 3. Ventilation 0,3 0,2 4. Maintenance 2,0 0,0 5. Safety 0,2 0,0

DWS 01 TOTAL MO1 (Y1) / AVERAGE TOTAL ARCHITECT B5, B6, B7, B9, B10 CONTRACTOR B5, B6, B7, B9, B10 TOTAL Realization 13,8 (22%) 3,0 (5%) TOTAL Object 36,5 (60%) 7,8 (13%)

Figure 9.19 Notated in Process: DWS Total, Average all teams, Task 2, Teams B5, B6, B7, B9, B10, Group Y1, MO1.

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Figure 9.20 Notated in Process: DWS Total, Average all teams, Task 2, Teams B5, B6, B7, B9, B10, Group Y1, MO1; graphical representation.

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DWS TOTAL T3 MO1 (X2) / AVERAGE ARCHITECT C1, C3, C3 CONTRACTOR C1, C2, C3 1. Rain / waterproof 2,7 1,0 2. Temperature proof 0,3 0,2 3. Ventilation 2,0 1,5 4. Maintenance 0,0 0,2 5. Safety 0,2 0,2

17. Architecture 4,0 1,8 18. Sustainability 1,2 0,5 19. Building physics 0,0 0,2 20. Fire protection 0,3 0,2 21. Utilities 1,0 1,8 22. Shape 3,0 1,5 23. Material 0,7 0,2 24. Users 0,2 0,0 25. Flexibility 0,0 0,0 DWS TOTAL T3 MO1 (X2) / AVERAGE TOTAL ARCHITECT C1, C2, C3 CONTRACTOR C1, C2, C3 TOTAL Realization 15,7 (28%) 12,5 (22%) TOTAL Object 17,2 (32%) 10,3 (18%)

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Figure 9.22 Notated in Process: DWS Total, Average all teams, Task 3, Teams C1, C2, C3, Group X2, MO1; graphical representation.

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DWS TOTAL T3 MO2 (Y2) / AVERAGE ARCHITECT C5, C6, C7, C8 CONTRACTOR C5, C6, C7, C8 1. Rain / waterproof 2,5 0,3 2. Temperature proof 0,0 0,3 3. Ventilation 3,6 0,3 4. Maintenance 0,7 0,0 5. Safety 0,2 0,0

DWS TOTAL T3 MO2 (Y2) / AVERAGE TOTAL ARCHITECT C5, C6, C7, C8 CONTRACTOR C5, C6, C7, C8 TOTAL Realization 26,3 (42%) 4,5 (7%) TOTAL Object 26,2 (42%) 6,0 (9%)

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Figure 9.24 Notated in Process: DWS Total, Average all teams, Task 3, Teams C5, C6, C7, C8, Group Y2, MO2; graphical representation.

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Four: overviews of the DWS Total; average notated object- and realization-knowledge per design task. Tables used in the result section for RQ6. Per design-task setting, between brackets the percentages average notated, per practitioner-type. Per design-task setting total = 100%.

DWS TOTAL T2 NMO (X1) / AVERAGE TOTAL (6) ARCHITECT B1, B2, B3 CONTRACTOR B1, B2, B3 TOTAL Realization 11,3 3,7 TOTAL Object 30,2 4,8 TOTAL X1 41,5 (83%) 8,5 (17%)

DWS 01 TOTAL MO1 (Y1) / AVERAGE TOTAL (6) ARCHITECT B5, B6, B7, B9, B10 CONTRACTOR B5, B6, B7, B9, B10 TOTAL Realization 13,8 3,0 TOTAL Object 36,5 7,8 TOTAL Y1 50,3 (82%) 10,8 (18%) DWS TOTAL T3 MO1 (X2) / AVERAGE TOTAL (6) ARCHITECT C1, C2, C3 CONTRACTOR C1, C2, C3 TOTAL Realization 15,7 12,5 TOTAL Object 17,2 10,3 TOTAL X2 32,9 (60%) 22,8 (40%)

DWS TOTAL T3 MO2 (Y2) / AVERAGE TOTAL (5) ARCHITECT C5, C6, C7, C8 CONTRACTOR C5, C6, C7, C8 TOTAL Realization 26,3 4,5 TOTAL Object 26,2 6,0 TOTAL Y2 52,5 (84%) 10,5 (16%)

Figure 9.25 Notated in Process: DWS Total, Average all teams, per design-task setting.

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For the comparison between the different Design Tasks the overview is transformed in the table below. This is the table which is used in the result-section for RQ 6, with the corresponding graphical overview on the former page.

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Appendix 10. DWS: Morphological Analysis Formats 3

In Appendix 10. overviews are presented for notated function-types and sub-solutions per team per specific Design Task and per Definitive Collaborative Design Worskhop (DWS01, DWS02). In these overviews, the Morphological Analysis Overviews in blue the notated items are the items found from the first step of the Improved Research Analyses Protocol. In black those items are represented which were found from the video-recordings (Video Observation Format). In brackets the team which notated the specific sub-solutions and if notated in the MO (MO) are coded: Bn-MO. For all Morphological Analysis Formats: in the Green Box the corresponding function-types and sub-solutions for realization-knowledge. MAF’s are presented in order of the design tasks and in order of the subsequent DWS.

Per knowledge-type (object- and realization-knowledge related) the sub-totals for notated function-types (F) and sub-solutions are presented (SS). On the bottom-row the total of added items per function-types and sub-solutions are notated. These sub-totals and totals are used in the overviews for all Design Tasks per DWS and the overview for the DWS Total, presented at the end of this Appendix 9. In these overviews two situations are presented:

- Situation one; all notated object- and realization-relaled function-types and sub-solutions per design task, per DWS and as DWS Tota (RQ6)l.

- Situation two; only notated in the Morphological Overview (MO); notated object- and realization-relaled function-types and sub-solutions per design task, per DWS and as DWS Total (RQ9).

The overviews for these two situations are used in the result-section related to Research Questions RQ6 and RQ9.

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DWS01 T2, Teams: B1, B2, B3, X1, NMO

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DWS01 T3, Teams: C1, C2, C3, X2, MO1

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DWS01 T3, Teams: C5, C6, C7, Y2, MO2

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DWS02 T2, Teams: B1, B2, B3, X1, NMO

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DWS02 T3, Teams: C1, C2, C3, X2, MO1

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DWS02 T3, Teams: C7, C8, Y2, MO2

Team C6 was not monitored; so also not in the MAF3 overview

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Situation one; quick-scan of all notated object- and realization-relaled function-types and sub-solutions per design task, per DWS (DWS01, DWS02) and as DWS Total; MAF1 (light-blue notations in overviews MAF3).

These results are derived from the quick-scan of all produced documents as a first indication related to the complexity of the task. This is the MAF1. The sub-totals and totals for notated function-types (F) and sub-solutions (SS) of this MAF1 is notated in light-blue in the MAF3 of the subsequent Design Tasks as presented in these formats on the former pages in this Appendix 9. The table with DWS Total / In Total + Process is the average result of DWS01 and DWS02.

Figure 10.9 MAF1: DWS01, DWS02, DWS Total; quick-scan; object- and realization-knowledge as function-types and sub-solutions, per design-task setting, notations in blue in MAF3; DWS Total as average of DWS01 and DWS02.

The results of Figure 10.9 is summerized into an overview for all noated function-types and sub-solutions per design-task setting. This table with these results are used for the result-section RQ5

Figure 10.10 MAF1: DWS01, DWS02l; quick-scan; notated function-types and sub-solutions, per design-task setting, notations in blue in MAF3.

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.

Situation two; all notated object- and realization-relaled function-types and sub-solutions per design task, per DWS (DWS01, DWS02) and as DWS Total; MAF3. (light-blue notations in overviews MAF3).

These results are derived from the VOF and VIF-analyses of the video-recordings and all produced documents as a first indication related to the complexity of the task. Per team these analyses are notated in black as MAF2 in the total overview per task setting. This total overview per design-task setting is the MAF3. The sub-totals and totals for notated function-types (F) and sub-solutions (SS) in the MAF3 of the subsequent Design Tasks as presented in these formats on the former pages in this Appendix 9. The table with DWS Total / In Total + Process is the average result of DWS01 and DWS02.

Figure 10.11 MAF3: DWS01, DWS02, DWS Total; notated object- and realization-knowledge as function-types and sub-solutions, per design-task setting, DWS Total as average of DWS01 and DWS02.

These results are organized into the table-format below to compare the notated object- and realization- function-types and sub-solutions for the different Design Task settings. The percentages for the function-types (between brackets) are related to the reference-list; realization-related = 11, object-related = 14. The percentages between brackets for sub-solutions are related to the total amount of notated sub-solutioins in the design-task setting (100%). This table with these results are used, with notations in percentages, for the result-section RQ6: Team Contributions.

Figure 10.12 MAF3: notated function-types and sub-solutions, per design-task setting, DWS Total as average of DWS01 and DWS02.