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Coating strategies for the protection of outdoor bronze art and ornamentation
Brostoff, L.B.
Publication date
2003
Link to publication
Citation for published version (APA):
Brostoff, L. B. (2003). Coating strategies for the protection of outdoor bronze art and
ornamentation.
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Contents s
page e
1.. The problem of protecting bronze in outdoor exposures
Abstract t
1.11 Introduction 1 1.22 The effect of outdoor environments on bronzes 2
1.33 The engineering problem 4 1.44 The conservation problem: current attitudes, practices, and research 7
1.55 The research problem 12
1.66 Conclusions 15 Referencess 16
2.. Performance of 29 coatings on two types of copper alloy substrates s
Abstract t
2.11 Introduction 21 2.22 Experimental methods 23
2.2.11 Description of the coatings 23 2.2.22 Sample preparation 26 2.2.33 Weathering 27 2.2.44 Methods of evaluation 29
2.2.55 Sources of error 30 2.33 Results and discussion 31
2.3.11 Substrate characterization 31
2.3.22 The coatings 34 2.3.33 Coating quality 35 2.3.44 Corrosion analysis after weathering 36
2.3.55 Coating performance on bronze, accelerated weathering 38 2.3.66 Coating performance on bronze, natural outdoor weathering 40 2.3.77 Coating performance on copper roof, accelerated weathering 41 2.3.88 Coating performance on copper roof, outdoor weathering 43 2.3.99 The influence of thickness and adhesion on coating
performancee 44 2.44 Conclusions 49 Referencess 51 Platee I 55
3.. Performance of five coatings on four types of copper alloy substrates s
Abstract t
3.11 Introduction 57 3.22 Experimental methods 58
3.33 Results and discussion 63 3.3.11 Substrate characterization 63 3.3.22 Corrosion on uncoated substrates after accelerated weathering 67
3.3.33 Coating quality 68 3.3.44 Coating performance 70 3.3.55 Influence of dry film thickness and adhesion on coating
performancee 73 3.44 Conclusions 78 Referencess 80 Platess II-V 82
4.. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) of select coatingss on bronze
Abstract t
4.11 Introduction 85 4.22 Experimental methods 88
4.33 Results and discussion 89 4.3.11 Phase I samples 89 4.3.22 Phase II samples, set A 90 4.3.33 Phase II samples, set B (after accelerated weathering) 96
4.44 Conclusions 98 Referencess 99
5.. Chemical characterization of the bulk coating and the metal/coatingg interface
Abstract t
5.11 Introduction 101 5.22 Experimental methods 103
5.33 Results and discussion 106
5.3.11 Acrylics 106 5.3.22 Acrylic urethanes 116
5.3.33 Waterborne acrylic urethanes 127 5.3.44 Microcrystalline wax blend 131
5.44 Conclusions 132 Referencess 135
6.. The role of benzotriazole (BTA) in bronze protection
Abstract t
6.11 Introduction 137 6.22 Background 139 6.33 Experimental methods 142
6.44 Results and discussion 145 6.4.11 Investigation into the interaction of benzotriazole with copper
corrosionn minerals and surfaces 145 6.4.1.11 Identification of CuBTA derivatives by FTIR 145
6.4.1.22 Identification of copper-BTA powder reaction products 146 6.4.1.33 Reactions of BTA on copper/copper salt surfaces 151 6.4.1.44 Implications for BTA reactions with copper corrosion
mineralss and surfaces 154 6.4.22 External reflection study of copper-benzotriazole films on
bronzee in relation to pretreatments of coated outdoor bronzes 155
6.4.2.11 Reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy 155
6.4.2.22 Film thickness 157 6.4.2.33 Film growth 158 6.4.2.44 EIS 161 6.4.2.55 Implications for coated outdoor bronzes 161
6.55 Conclusions 162 Referencess 164
7.. Summary and concluding remarks
Abstract t
7.11 Summary of results 167 7.22 Low maintenance vs. high maintenance coatings 169
7.2.11 The wax question 169 7.2.22 Waterborne acrylic urethanes 170
7.2.33 Acrylics 171 7.2.44 Acrylic urethanes and other coatings 172
7.2.55 Multi-part coatings 173 7.33 Suggestions for future work 173
Referencess 174
Acknowledgmentss 175 Samenvattingg 177
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