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Clusters as Complex Adaptive Systems

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GROUP ORGANIZATION CONTEXT INDIVIDUAL Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent

WHOLE SYSTEMS APPROACH

Dynamics of complex adaptive systems

(unpublished, van Berkel and Manickam, 2012)

Emergent patterns

Significant differences of agents and strategy Sensemaking and transformative interactions CLUSTER CONTEXT

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

FOR CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Complex problems and drivers of change

CLUSTER CONDITIONS

CLUSTER DYNAMICS Past, current and future factors

influencing stakeholder interactions and capabilities

Transforming interactions where differences are leveraged and organizing processes (top-down/bottom/up) Emergent patterns of interaction and developments CLUSTER PERFOMANCE

RESEARCH QUESTION

What drivers of change and cluster dynamics, in particular for energy clusters, are sig-nificant to cluster development and what revision might be needed for cluster theory?

SUB-QUESTIONS

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development?

t $BO$PNQMFY"EBQUJWF4ZTUFNTBQQSPBDICFJODPSQPSBUFEJOUPDMVTUFSUIFPSZUP support the future of cluster development?

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH METHOD

The cluster framework was developed based on current cluster theory (evolutionary

economics, regional innovation systems and innovation policy studies), inputs from the Canadian cluster study (Wolfe, 2009) and, from complex adaptive systems literature.

The research engaged an exploratory case study method (Yin, 2003) to understand cluster dynamics and drivers of change in the Dutch energy cluster, Energy Valley. In-depth interviews of stakeholders and experts, data from documents, literature, media were inputs for the research.

NEW APPROACH TO CLUSTERS

Clusters as people-based interactions creating innovative, adaptive cluster developments responding to changes in context:

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t IJTUPSZ HFPHSBQIZBOEDVMUVSBMGBDUPSTJOøVFODFJOUFSBDUJPOT

t DPOOFDUJPOTBOEJOUFSBDUJPOTCFUXFFOQFPQMF PSHBOJ[BUJPOT LOPXMFEHF GBDJMJUJFT  visions, resources, etc. contribute to new patterns of collaborations

t EFHSFFPGBVUPOPNZBOEQPMJDZQMBOOJOHJOøVFODFEFWFMPQNFOU

BACKGROUND: CHANGING PRACTICE OF CLUSTERS

Scholars in cluster theory have acknowledged the need for more integrated approaches (Martin and Sunley, 2007). This need is also echoed by policy studies and other scholars (OECD, 2010, Battie, 2008). Also, an recognition of the changing context in which clus-ters operate includes an interconnected globalized world.

(Karlsson, 2008, Langedijk and Boekema, 2008, Lorenzten, 2008, Gertler and Levitte, 2005, Pacquer, 2008).

CLUSTER DEFINITION

‘Clusters are geographical concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized

suppliers, service provides, firm in related industries, associated institutions in particu-lar fields that compete but also co-operate’

(Porter, 1998)

RESULTS

Insights into cluster developments are gained through stakeholder

and expert inputs guided by the framework. Case study description

of Energy Valley will provide insights into cluster dynamics and

drivers of change for further investigation and implications for cluster

theory will be discussed.

Faculty of Business

University

CLUSTERS AS COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS: CASE STUDY OF ENERGY VALLEY

by Anu Manickam

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