UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
Avoidance: From threat encounter to action execution
Arnaudova, I.
Publication date
2015
Document Version
Final published version
Link to publication
Citation for published version (APA):
Arnaudova, I. (2015). Avoidance: From threat encounter to action execution. Boxpress.
General rights
It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).
Disclaimer/Complaints regulations
If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Inna Arnaudova
Avoidance:
From threat encounter
to action execution
Avoidance:
From threat encounter
to action execution
Inna Arnaudova
Department of Clinical Psychology
Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences
c
• Inna Arnaudova
ISBN: 978-94-6295-388-8 Cover illustration: Toni Ortega
Cover design: Toni Ortega & Inna Arnaudova Lay-out by: Inna Arnaudova
Printed by: Proefschriftmaken.nl/Uitgeverij BOXPress Published by: Uitgeverij BOXPress, ’s-Hertogenbosch
This work was supported by an Innovation Scheme (Vidi) Grant (452-09-001), awarded to Tom Beckers by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, without permission of the author.
Avoidance:
From threat encounter
to action execution
ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor
aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus
prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom
ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel
op dinsdag 8 december 2015, te 14:00 uur
door
Inna Borislavova Arnaudova geboren te Varna, Bulgarije
Promotiecommissie:
Promotors: Prof. Dr. T. Beckers Universiteit van Amsterdam KU Leuven
Prof. Dr. M. Kindt Universiteit van Amsterdam
Overige leden: Prof. Dr. A. Moors KU Leuven
Prof. Dr. A. Fischer Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. Dr. A. Arntz Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. Dr. M. Craske University of California
-Los Angeles
Dr. S. de Wit Universiteit van Amsterdam
“Que me quiten lo bailao....“ Popular Spanish saying
Contents
1 Introduction 9
1.1 Threat avoidance response selection and execution . . . 9
1.2 Classical conditioning . . . 11
1.3 Outline of the doctoral dissertation . . . 14
2 Threat avoidance response selection and execution (TeARS): A comprehensive model of avoidance 17 2.1 Definition of avoidance . . . 20
2.2 Response selection to threat . . . 22
2.3 Action tendencies . . . 28
2.4 Avoidance actions . . . 34
2.5 Dual-process models of behavior . . . 39
2.6 Framework of avoidance response selection . . . 41
2.7 Effects of clinically severe anxiety on avoidance response selection . 51 2.8 Conclusions . . . 57
3 Moving threat: Attention and distance change interact in threat responding 59 3.1 Introduction . . . 61
3.2 Materials and methods . . . 63
3.3 Results . . . 66
3.4 Discussion . . . 68
4 Fearing shades of gray: Individual differences in fear responding towards generalization stimuli 71 4.1 Introduction . . . 73
4.2 Experiment 1 . . . 75
4.3 Experiment 2 . . . 83
4.4 General discussion . . . 89
5 Individual differences in discriminatory fear learning under conditions of ambiguity: A vulnerability factor for anxiety disorders? 93 5.1 Introduction . . . 95
5.2 Materials and methods . . . 98
5.4 Discussion . . . 106
6 The Bridget Jones effect: How negative mood shapes conditioned appetitive responses 109 6.1 Introduction . . . 111
6.2 Experiment 1 . . . 113
6.3 Experiment 2 . . . 121
6.4 General discussion . . . 127
7 General discussion 131 7.1 The Threat Avoidance and Response Selection (TeARS) model revisited . . . 131
7.2 Application of TeARS to anxiety pathology . . . 139
7.3 Evaluating treatment protocols for maladaptive avoidance through the lens of the TeARS model . . . 141
7.4 Potential improvements to treatment protocols from the perspective of the TeARS model . . . 144
7.5 Conclusion . . . 148 Summary (English) 149 Summary (Dutch) 155 Authors’ contribution 161 Acknowledgements 163 CV 169 A Appendix to Chapter 4:
Fearing shades of gray: Individual differences in fear
responding towards generalization stimuli 171
