X-ray waveguiding studies of ordering phenomena in confined fluids - Contents

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X-ray waveguiding studies of ordering phenomena in confined fluids

Zwanenburg, M.J.

Publication date

2001

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):

Zwanenburg, M. J. (2001). X-ray waveguiding studies of ordering phenomena in confined

fluids.

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Contents s

11 Introduction 11

1.11 Background 11 1.22 Structure determination 15

1.33 The thesis 18

22 Theory of wave propagation in planar x-ray waveguides 21

2.11 Introduction 21 2.22 Modes in a planar waveguide 23

2.33 Mode coupling 29 2.44 Beam propagation method 32

2.55 Numerical methods 33 2.5.11 Finite difference mode solver (FD-MS) 33

2.5.22 Solving coupled mode equations 36 2.5.33 Finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) . . . 38

2.66 Propagation of waves emerging from the waveguide 41

33 A tunable x-ray waveguide 45

3.11 Introduction 45 3.22 X-ray waveguiding 46

3.2.11 Mode excitation and propagation 46 3.2.22 Requirements on the x-ray source 53 3.2.33 Requirements on the waveguide 55 3.2.44 Detection of far-field angular intensity distribution 57

3.33 Apparatus 57 3.3.11 Design 57 3.3.22 Measurement of plate distance and tilt angle 60

3.44 X-ray waveguiding experiments 64

44 Transmission properties of the waveguide with air gap 69

4.11 Introduction 69 4.22 Mode excitation and propagation 71

4.33 Experimental 73 4.44 Results and discussion 74

4.4.11 Far-field diffraction patterns 74 4.4.22 Transmission measurements 76 4.4.33 Multi-mode interference 79

4.55 Conclusions 85

55 Focusing of coherent x rays with tapered waveguides 87

5.11 Introduction 87 5.22 Mode propagation in tapered planar waveguide 88

5.33 Measurement of waveguiding properties 92

66 Ordering phenomena in confined colloids 97

6.11 Introduction 97 6.22 Principle 98 6.33 Experimental 101 6.44 Results and discussion 103

6.55 Conclusions 108

AA On the asymmetry of the angular intensity distribution 109

Referencess 113 Summaryy 119 Samenvattingg 123 Dankwoordd 127