Heat conduction in acrylic bone cement : a thermodynamical
analysis
Citation for published version (APA):
Huiskes, H. W. J., & Wijn, de, J. R. (1978). Heat conduction in acrylic bone cement : a thermodynamical
analysis. In 24th annual ORS, Dallas, Texas, February 21-23, 1978 (pp. 85-). (Transactions of the Annual
Meeting - Orthopaedic Research Society; Vol. 3).
Document status and date:
Published: 01/01/1978
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Heat conduction in acrylic. bone cement; a thermodynamical analysis.
R. Huiskes and J.R. de Wijn
Lab. for Experimental Orthopaedics, sity of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Heat production of self-curing acrylic bone cement ,. as used for fixation of implants in orthopaedic surgery. may lead to high temperatures in bone tissue and sub-sequently to bone necrosis.
A computer programm was developed for calculation of non-steady temperature fields in heat producing struc-tures of different materials, like implant, cement and bone. This programm is used to analyse the heat con-duction problem in vivo. It is based on a finite ele-ment solution technique of the thermodynamical diffe-rential equations.
thermal conductivity density
specific heat densi ty of MMA
PMMA/MMA ratio cement
Heat p.rod./kg MMA
J/sec.Oc.rn
lfor
allkg/m3 :~~~~~:~s
J/kg.oC kg/m3
m3/m3
J/kg
polymerization time sec TO begin temperature Tu ambient temperature
p (t) generalized polymerization curve
- -all mat.
Table1
The input of the programm is formed by a description of the 3-dimensional geometry of the structure and the relevant properties of the materials, listed in table I. It is assumed that these properties are in-dependent of temperature.
. 10
F
.20 .. 30 Eig~The method was tried for a structure formed by a tef-lon cuP. filled with acrylic cement (fig. 1). Meyer et al. [1] measured temperatures in a similar experimen-tal set up (numbers 1 through S refer to their mea-surement points); with these experimental data the calculated results are verified. Fig.2 shows the ele-ment mesh.
Fig.3 shows the temperature development in time, as calculated with 4 different polymerization curves
(p(t)
=
% polymerized MMA as function of time).The pol. curve no.4, that gives the best results com-pared to Meyer et al., was derived from our own mea-surements. Value for other properties were taken from literature.
The power of the method presented, lies in the possi-bilities to analyse the effects of the important material and geometrical properties on the tempera-tures. Examples of such sensitivity a.nalyses are showr in fig.3, with regard to the polymerization curve,
dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery;
Univer-in fig.4 with regard to the r-coordUniver-inate (maximum temperatures in the middle and in the interface plane) and in fig.s, with regard to the thermal conductivity of the cement (temperature develop-ment in point no.S). Similar analyses are presen-ted for other properties.
100 ~(%) . 80 60 40 20 125 100 75 50 25 T(t) ('C) 250 500
It is found that some properties affect mainly the value of the maximum temperatures, some the time interval in which the temperature is higher than a certain value and others affect both,
Tmax('C) 10 7 ______ ~~---_+~-
.. "
I
I
'
\
is···1s
···?;'···,., ''d,1
50 I ... ~I
i2
i
i
r(
10 20 30The results of these and similar analyses on im-planted bone cement, are used to develop criteria
for modifications and implantation techniques
of the cement. 100 50
Ts
('C) -.. ····0.210 Ac: -0.167 ----0.139 : •• '! . . . ~.
.... .
~..
:~~"" ...---t
(sec) Fig. 5 500 1.000Ref.:-[I] Heyer, J.R.; Lautenschlager, E.P. and Moore, B.K., (1973); On the setting properties of acrylic bone cement; J.Bone Jt. Surg. ssA.
pp.149-156.
