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1 CIS Guidance on risk assessment and conceptual models (final draft, 26 March 2010)2 Meinardi, K., van Ek, R., Zaadnoorddijk W.J., 2005. Karakterisering van het grondwater in deelstroomgebied Maas (in Dutch).
3 Spijker, J., Lieste, R., Zijp, M.C., de Nijs, A.C.M., 2009. Conceptuele modellen voor de Kaderrichtlijn Water en de Grondwaterrichtlijn, RIVM-report 607300010/2009, Bilthoven, The Netherlands (in Dutch).
4 Spijker, J., S. Vermooten, S, M. Faneca Sànchez & R. van Ek, 2010 (in prep.), Conceptueel model van het grondwaterlichaam Zand-Maas: Resultaten van de pilot-studie. RIVM Rapport 6073000xx/2009, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. (in Dutch). 5 Stuurman, R. et al. Beleidsmeetnet verdroging Provincie Noord-Brabant, 2002
For more information
sophie.vermooten@deltares.nl
www.deltares.nl
CONCEPTUAL MODELS FOR THE WFD
A CASE STUDY ON GROUNDWATER QUANTITY FOR
A GROUNDWATER BODY IN THE NETHERLANDS
poster faneca sanchez 10RS
Results and conclusion
The conceptual model resulted in (fig. 3):
- a 3D figure showing the hydrogeological setting, the
relation with surface water and terrestrial ecosystems and the use of aquifers;
- a schematic representation of the water budget of the groundwater body, including interaction with surface
water and groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems (GWDTE);
- fifteen 2D detailed conceptual models for specific relevant processes;
- a 2D figure showing the delineation of the groundwater body, the flow direction and transboundary aspects.
The outcome of the workshop revealed that the first set up of the model and the followed process were satisfactory.
These conclusions will be a basis for further discussion on the implementation of conceptual models in the Netherlands in relation to the WFD and GWD.
For which aspects of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the
Groundwater Directive (GWD) do we need conceptual models and in what
level of detail? How should conceptual models be managed to ensure
subsequent improvement? To answer these questions a case study was
conducted in the Netherlands, focusing on the quantitative status of
one groundwater body. The experiences of this study will be used to give
support to the national working group on groundwater in the Netherlands
on how to proceed with the implementation of conceptual models.
Sophie Vermooten*
Marta Faneca Sànchez*
Remco van Ek*
Job Spijker**
Fig 1. The use of conceptual models in groundwater
management (blue boxes indicate where the use of
conceptual models is
desired)1.
Fig 2. Workshop where the results were presented and discussed. Participants:
Deltares, RIVM, Province Noord Brabant, Province Limburg,
Water board De Dommel,
Water board Peel & Maasvallei, and expert hydrogeologists
from drinking water supply companies.
BovenMark
E2 (River valley (upstream))
Roosendaal
D (T
ransition from a Pleistocene sand area to a polder area (De Naad))
L (Desiccation) G(Canal seepage)
Zuid W illemsvaart
B (Moorland pool)
E1 (River valley (downstream))
Eindhoven F (Seepage areas near faults)
M (Agriculture)
N (Infiltration in Meuse dunes) I (Sand plains with forest)J(Infiltration and exfiltration area)
K (Surface water abstraction)
H (Eastern Meuse V alley) A (Raised bog) (Maas) ‘s Hertogenbosch Dommel Aa C(W et moorland) Breda 0 100 200 300 400 Impermeable layers Aquifers – WP1/2/3 Hydrogeological base – GHB Fresh-saline interface 150mg/l Cl Fault
Local groundwater flow Regional groundwater flow
Surface water flow 0 100 200 300 400 WP1 WP1 WP1 WP1 WP1 WP1 WP1 WP3 WP3 WP3 WP3 WP2 WP2 WP2 WP2 WP2 WP2 WP2 WP3 WP3 WP3 WP3 WP3 WP3 WP3 GHB GHB GHB GHB WP2 WP2 WP2 WP2 WP2 WP3 P Precipitation Eact Actual evaporation
GWabs Groundwater abstraction (drinking water, irrigation) Sin/Sout Surface water entering or leaving the groundwater body Lin/Lout Lateral flux entering or leaving groundwater body
Inf Infiltration of surface water into groundwater body
Exf Exfiltration of groundwater into surface water or to GWDTE EFN Environmental Flow Needs of ecosystems
Seep Seepage to lower groundwater body StatusSWB Status of surface water bodies
StatusGWDTE Status of groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems ? To be determined
IN = OUT + STORAGE and STORAGE ≈ 0
EFN 764 560 55 mm/yr ? NLGW0006 NLGW0018 P Lout0? GWabs Lin0?
StatusSWB Status GWDTE
Inf ? Exf ? Eact Sin1570 Sout1709 Seep 14 irr dw dw HYDROGEOLOGICAL BASE
Quantitative conceptual model on water budget 3D conceptual model of the groundwater body
Deep
Zand Maas / NLGW0018
Dune Tidal flats Creek areas Sand with top layer (Cover) sand Chalk Salt
Deep groundwater
Groundwater bodies
Groundwater body March 2007
Legend
Urban area Water Meuse River Basin Provincial border Regional groundwater flow
Background
Flow rate 7-25m/y
Fig 3. Conceptual model of the quantitative status of groundwater body ‘Zand Maas’.
Methods
How to use conceptual models for the WFD/GWD is still a
question to answer. This case study on the groundwater body Zand Maas is used as a starting point for the discussion on how to develop a suitable conceptual model and how to come to a systematic approach which allows further development and management of conceptual models. Deltares, the
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment of the Netherlands (RIVM), the regional water boards and other water managers, worked together to include all the important aspects in the presented model (fig. 2).
Location of the groundwater body showing the main groundwater flows 2 Examples of several site specific 2D conceptual models 5
Stuurman 02WI-0
2
River valley (down stream)
– canal seepage – Mark shorelands
natural inundation area drainage-influence
valley E1
Seepage area near fault
Peelhorst agriculture Central Slenk F Stuurman 02WI-03 Canal (Meuse water) Canal seepage G
Why use conceptual models?
Several guidance documents on the WFD recommend the use of conceptual models and for the GWD the use is even mandatory. Conceptual models can help in the
characterization of groundwater bodies, the development of monitoring programs and the status and trend assessments (Spijker et al., 2009). A conceptual model can also be a
very useful tool for communication with non-experts in hydrogeology (e.g. stakeholders and decision makers).
