UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
Regional Trade Agreements in the GATT/WTO: Article XXIV and the Internal
Trade Requirement
Mathis, J.H.
Publication date
2001
Link to publication
Citation for published version (APA):
Mathis, J. H. (2001). Regional Trade Agreements in the GATT/WTO: Article XXIV and the
Internal Trade Requirement. T.M.C. Asser Press.
General rights
It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).
Disclaimer/Complaints regulations
If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
References s
BooksBooks and Journals:
Abbott,, Frederick, M. (1990), GATT and the EC, a Formula for Peaceful Co-existence, Michigan Journal of Internationall Law, V.12:1.
Akman,, M., and Darton, M. (1997), The Political Economy of Regionalism in World Trade, Marmara Journal off European Studies, V. 5, No. 1-2.
Anderson,, Kym and Blackhurst, Richard, (eds) (1993), Regional Integration and the Global Trading
System,, Harvester Wheatsheaf, London.
Baldwin,, Richard (1994), Towards an Integrated Europe, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London. .
Becker,, A. (19xx), Russia and Economic Integration in the CIS, IISS Quarterly, V. 38, pp. 117-136. Bhagwati,, Jagdish (1987), Directly Unproductive profit-Seeking (DUP) Activities, in J. Eastwell (Ed.) The
Neww Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Stockton Press, pp. 845-847.
Bhagwati,, Jagdish (1991), The World Trading System at Risk, Harvester Wheatsheaf, London.
Bhagwati,, Jagdish (1996), Preferential Trade Agreements: The Wrong Road, Law and Policy in International Business,, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 865-872.
Bhagwati,, J., and Panagariya, A. (1996), The Theory of Preferential Trade Agreements: Historical Evolution
andand Current Trends, The American Economic Review, V.86, No. 2, May 1996, pp. 82-88.
Baldwin,, Richard (1992), Eastern Enlargement of EFTA, Center for Economic Policy Research, (CEPR), Occasionall Paper #10.
Bergsten,, F. (1997), Open Regionalism, The World Economy, August 1997, pp. 545-566. 'Black,, Henry C. (1986, rev. 4th ed.), Blacks Law Dictionary, West Publishing, St. Paul.
Bliss,, Christopher (1994), Economic Theory and Policy for Trading Blocks, Manchester University Press, Vann den Bossche, A.M. (1991), GAIT: The Indispensable Link Between the EEC and Hungary?, Journal of Worldd Trade, V. 23, No. 3,1991, pp. 141-155.
Vann den Bossche, A.M. (1996), The Competition Provisions in the Europe Agreements, paper presented at aa conference on Eastern Europe at the University of Ghent, 7-8 March 1996.
Bronckers,, Marco, (1995), Voluntary Export Restraints and the GATT 1994 Agreement on Safeguards, in Bourgeois,, H.J., Berrod, F., Fournier, E (eds), The Uruguay Round Results, College of Europe, European InterUniversityy Press, Brussels, pp. 273-279.
Camps,, Miriam (1959), EFTA, A Preliminary Appraisal, Political and Economic Planning, Occasional Paper #4,, London.
Cortney,, Philip (1949), The Economic Munich, The Philosophical Library, New York.
Cottier,, Thomas (1996), The challenge of Regionalization and Preferential Relations in World Trade Law
andand Policy, European Foreign Affairs Review, V. 2, No. pp. 149-167.
Culbertson,, William S. (1925), International Economic Policies, D. Appleton, New York, p. 303, reprinted in Kress,, Andrew J., (ed), (1949), The Economics of Diplomacy, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University,, Washington, D.C.
Culberston,, William S. (1937), Reciprocity, McGraw-Hill Co, New York, reprinted in Kress, Andrew J., (ed), (1949),, The Economics of Diplomacy, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. .
Dam,, Kenneth W. (1963), Regional Economic Arrangements and the GATT, the Legacy of Misconception, Universityy of Chicago Law Review, V. 30, No. 4, pp. 615-665.
Dam,, Kenneth W. (1970), The GATT: Law and International Economic Organization, The University of Chicagoo Press (Midway Reprint), 1977.
Dee Melo, Jaime, and Panagariya, Arvind, (eds) (1993), New Dimensions in Regional Integration, Center forr Economic Policy Research, Cambridge University Press.
Dornbusch,, Rudiger, W. (1993), The Case for Bilateralism, in Salvatore, D., (ed.) Protectionism and World
Welfare,, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 180-199.
Douglass Irwin A. (1992), Multilateral and Bilateral Trade Policies, Historical Perspective, paper #9, collected in,, World Bank CEPR conference, Washington D.C.
Douglas,, Irwin A. (1995), The GATT in Historical Perspective, AEA papers and Proceedings, Historical Perspectivess on International Institutions, Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 323-328.
Drestler,, I.M. (1992) American Trade Politics, 2d edition, Institute for International Economics, Washington D.C. .
Ehlermann,, Claus-Dieter (1994), The International Dimension of Competition Policy, Fordham International Laww Journal, V.17, N.4, pp.833-845.
Enders,, Alice and Wonnacott, Ronald J., (1995, preliminary version), How Usefulis the NAFTA Experience
forfor East-West European Integration?
Enders,, A., and Wonnacott, R. J. (1996), Liberalization of East-West European Trade, the World Economy, V.19,, No. 3,p. 261.
Estrin,, S. and Cave, M. (1993), Competition and Competition Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Central and Easternn Europe, Pinter Publishers, London.
Fingleton,, J., Fox, E., Neven, D., Seabright,, P. (1996) Competition Policy and the Transformation of Central
Europe,Europe, Centre for Economie Policy Research (CEPR), London.
Forrester,, Ian S. (1980a) EEC Customs Law: Rules of Origin and Preferential Duty Treatment-Part One, Europeann Law Review, V.5, pp. 167-197.
Forrester,, Ian S., (1980b) EEC Customs Law: Rules of Originn and Preferential Duty Treatment-Part Two, Europeann Law Review, V.5, pp. 257-286.
Franck,, Thomas, M. (1995), Fairness in International law and Institutions, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Fraser,, P. (1994), Russia, the CIS and European Community:Building a Relationship, in N. Malcolm (ed.)
Russiaa and Europe, an End to Confrontation? London.
Frazer,, Tim (1997), Competition Policy, the Regions and the Central and Eastern European Countries, in
Ruless of Competition and East-West Integration, Fritsch M., and Hansen H., (eds.) Kluwer Academic
Publishers,, Dordrecht.
Gardner,, Richard, N. (1980), Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective, Columbia University Press,, New York.
Gerber,, D. (1994), The Transformation of European Community Competition Law?, Harvard International Laww Journal, vol. 35.
Greenaway,, David (1989), Economic Aspects of Regional Trading Arrangements, Harvester Wheatsheaf. Haight,, F.A. (1941), A History of French Commercial Policies, Macmillan, New York.
Haight,, F.A. (1972), Customs Unions and Free Trade Areas Under GATT, Journal of World Trade, V.6, No. 4. .
Heilperin,, M.A. (1946) The Trade of Nations, Longmans, London and New York, 1946.
Hindley,, Brian (1994), Safeguards, VER's and Anti-dumping Action, in OECD Secretariat, The Neww World
Tradingg System, 1994, pp. 91-102.
Hirschman,, Albert 0. (1945), National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade, University of California Press,, Berkely, Expanded edition, (1980), University of California Press, Berkely.
Holmes,, Peter (1995), Levelling or Tilting the Playing Field, Working Paper, University of Sussex.
Holmes,, Peter, and Mathis, James (1997) Europe Agreement Competition Policy for the Long Term: an
AccessionAccession Oriented Approach, in Rules of Competition and East-West Integration, Fritsch M., and
Hansenn H., (eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Horovitz,, Dan, (1990), EC-Central/East European Relations: New Principles for a New Era, Common Market Laww Review, V. 27, pp. 259-284.
Horovitz,, Dan, (1991), The Impending 'Second Generation' Agreements Between the European Community andd Eastern Europe-Some Practical Considerations, Journal of World Trade, V. 25, No. 2, pp. 55-80.
Huber,, (?) (1981), The Practice of Examining Regional Agreements Under Article XXIV, Journal of Common Markett Studies, v:19:3, p.281.
Hudec,, Robert (1993), Discussion, GATTs Influence on Regional Arrangements, in de Melo and Panagariya,, (eds), New Dimensions in Regional Integration, Center for Economic Policy Research, Cambridgee University Press.
R.. Hudec and J. Southwick, (1999), Regionalism and WTO Rules, in M. Rodri'guez, P. Low, B. Kotschwar (Eds.),, Trade Rules in the Making, Organization of American States and the Brookings Institution,
Washingtonn D.C., pp. 47-80.
Huis,, Leah (1992), Globalizing the GATT, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Hull,, Cordell (1948), The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, Macmillan, New York, 1948.
Isaacs,, Asher (1948), More Recent Commercial Policies in Europe, from International Trade, R.D. Irwin, Inc.,, Chicago, reprinted in Kress, Andrew J., (ed), (1949), The Economics of Diplomacy, School of Foreign Service,, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C, pp. 360-407.
Jackson,, John H. (1969), World Trade Law and the Law of GATT, the Mitchie Company, Charlottesville, Virginia. .
Jackson,, John H. (1983), Equality and Discrimination in International Economic Law, The Year Book of Worldd Affairs 1983, pp. 224-239.
Jackson,, John H. (1996), Perspectives on Regionalism in Trade Relations, Law and Policy in International Business,, V. 27, No. 4,1996, p. 873-878.
Johnson,, Harry Gordon (1968), Harmonization of National Economic Policies Under Free Trade, University off Toronto Press.
Kearney,, R.D., and Dalton, R.E. (1970), The Treaty on Treaties, American Journal of International Law, V. 64,, at p. 524.
Kemp,, M. and Wan, H.Y. (1976), An Elementary Proposition Concerning the Formation of Customs Unions, Journall of International Economics, V.6, No 1, February, 1976, pp. 95-97.
Keynes,, J. M. (1920), The Economic Consequences of the Peace, Harper and Row, New York, 1971 Edition. .
Kines,, Stephen (19XX), Confidentiality, Conflicts and Comity, Netherlands International Law Review, V.43, No.1,pp.19-32. .
Koek,, Karin (1969), International Trade Policy and the GATT, 1947-1967, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm. Kreinin,, M.E. (1975), European Integration and the Developing Countries, in B. Balassa (ed.) European
Economicc Integration, North Holland, pp. 327-364.
Kress,, Andrew J. (ed), (1949), The Economics of Diplomacy, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University,, Washington, D.C.
Krivogorskyy and Eichenseher (1996), Some Financial and Trade Developments in the Former Soviet States, Russiann and East European Finance and Trade, V.32, No 5., pp. 16-38.
Marceau,, Gabriellee (1994), Anti-dumping and Anti-trust Issues in Free Trade Areas, Clarendon Press, Oxford. .
Marceau,, Gabrielle (1995), The Full Potential of the Europe Agreements: Trade and Competition Issues, the Casee of Poland, World Competition, V. 19, No. 2, pp. 35-69.
Marescouu M., and Montaguti E. (1995), The Relations Between the European Union and Central and Easternn Europe: A Legal Appraisal, Common Market Law Review, V. 32, pp. XXX 1327.
Mastalir,, R. (1993), Regulation of Competition in the New Free Markets of Eastern Europe, North Carolina Journall of International Law and Commercial Regulations, vol. 19 (1),
Mathis,, J. (1999) The Community's External Regional Policy in the WTO, in van Dijck, Pitou and Gaber, G., (eds),, The External Economic Dimension of the European Union, Kluwer Law International, Dordrecht, forthcoming,, 1999.
McMillan,, John (1993), Does Regional Integration Foster Open Trade, in K. Anderson and R. Blackhurst, (eds),, (1993), Regional Integration and the Global Trading System, Harvester Wheatsheaf, pp. 292-310. McQueen,, Matthew (1982), Lome' and the Protective Effect of Rules of Origin, Journal of World Trade, V. 16,, No. 2, pp. 119-131.
Machiup,, Fritz (1977), History of Thought on Economic Integration, Macmillan, London.
Meilke,, Karl and Sarker, Rakhal (1996), National Administered Protection Agencies: Their Role in the
Post-UruguayUruguay Round World, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, Working paper #96-1, pp.
13-19. .
Messerlin,, P. (1994), Central European Countries' Trade Laws in the Light of International Experience, Discussionn Paper No. 1044, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London.
Nicolaides,, Phedon. (1996), The Role of Competition Policy in Economic Integration, Journal of World Trade,, vol. 13 (2), pp. 131-145.
Nicolaides,, Phedon and Mathis, James (1996), European Community Competition Rules in the Associated Countriess of Central and Eastern Europe: How to Ensure Effective Enforcement, Aussenwirtschaft, V. 51:4, pp.. 485-512.
Palmeter,, David (1996), Some Inherent Problems with Free Trade Arrangements, Law and Policy in Internationall Business, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 991-998.
Palmeter,, David (1996) Rules of Origin in Regional Trade Agreements, Leige Papers, collected in Demaret,, P.,
Bellis,, J.F., and Garcia, G, (eds), Regionalism and Multilateralism After the Uruguay Round, European Universityy Press, (1997), Brussels.
Patterson,, Gardner (1966), Discrimination in International Trade, The Policy Issues, 1945-1965, Princetonn University Press, Princeton.
Peers,, S. (1995), An Ever Closer Waiting Room?: The Case for Eastern European Accession to the Europeann Economic Area, Common Market Law Review, V.32, p. 187.
Pelkmans,, Jacques (1996), "Asian Regionalism", paper presented at University of Leige Conference, "Regionall Trade Agreements and Multilateral Rules After the Uruguay Round: Convergence, Divergence andd Interaction", October, 1996.
Reuter,, Paul (1989), Introduction to the Law of Treaties, Pinter, London.
Roessler,, Frieder (1993), The Relationship Between Regonal Integration Agreements and the Multilateral
TradeTrade Order, in K. Anderson and R. Blackhurst, (eds), (1993), Regional Integration and the Global
Tradingg System, Harvester Wheatsheaf. pp. 311-325.
Roessler,, Frieder (2000), The institutional Balance Between the Judicial and the Political Organs of the
WTO,WTO, paper presented at Harvard University, Conference titled, Efficiency, Equity and Legitimacy: The
Multilaterall Trading system at the Millennium, June 1-2,2000,26 pgs, at pg. 9. Rosenne,, Shabtai (1985), Breach of Treaty, Grotius Publications, Cambridge.
Sampson,, Gary (1994), Regional Trading Blocks and World Economy, Address for Queen's Unversity of Belfast,, Mimeo, 2 June, 1994.
Scherer,, Frederic M. (1994), Competition Policies for an Integrated World Economy, Brookings, Washingtonn DC.
Schoneveld,, F., (1992), The EEC and Free Trade Agreements, Stretching the Limits of GATT Exceptions to Non-Discriminatoryy Trade?, Journal of World Trade, V. 26, No. 5, pp. 59-78.
Sinclair,, I. (1984) The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 2d ed., Manchester University Press.
Slot,, P.J. (1996), The Application of Rules on State Aids and Rules Relating to Public Undertakings, paper presentedd at a conference on Eastern Europe at the University of Ghent, 7-8 March 1996.
Smith,, E. (Forthcoming), EC Competition Policy Without Membership: Lessons From The European
EconomicEconomic Area, in Estrin S. and Holmes P. (eds), Competition and Economic Integration in Europe, E.
Elgar. .
Snape,, Richard H. (1993), History and Economics of GATTs Article XXIV, in K. Anderson and R. Blackhurst,, (eds), (1993), Regional Integration and the Global Trading System, Harvester Wheatsheaf. p.. 273-291.
Starekk III, Roscoe B. (1996), International Aspects of Antitrust Enforcement, World Competition, V.19, No. 3, p.29-53. .
Tasca,, Henry J. (1939), World Trading Systems, International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation, League of Nations,, Paris.
Torre,, Augusto de la, Regional Trade Arrangements, International Monetary Fund, Occasional Paper #93. Török,, Adam (1997), Competition Policy and Market Restructuring in the Hungarian Transition, in Rules of
Competitionn and East-West Integration, Fritsch M., and Hansen H., (eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrecht. .
Viner,, Jacob (1950), The Customs Union issue, Carnegie Endowment.
Volker,, E.L.M. (1993) Barriers to External and Internal Community Trade, Kluwer, Deventer.
Weiss,, F.W. (1986), The European Free Trade Association after Twenty-five Years, Yearbook of European Law,, Vol. 5, pp. 287-323.
Weiss,, F.W. (1990), The Functioning of the Free Trade Agreements, in Jacot-Guillarmod, Oliver (ed.), L'
avenirr du libre-e'change en Europe: vers un Espace e'conomique europe'en? Schulthess
Polygraphischerr Verlag AG, Zurich, pp. 61-78.
Weiss,, F.W. (1995), The Genera! Agreement on Trade and Services 1994, Common Market Law Review, V.32,, pp. 1177-1225.
Whidden,, Howard, P. (1945), Preferences and Discriminations in International Trade, Committee on Interna-tionall Policy, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1945, pp. 5-30, reprinted in Kress, Andreww J., (ed), (1949), The Economics of Diplomacy, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington,, D.C..
Wonnacott,, Ronald J. (1996), Trade and investment in a Hub-and Spoke system Versus a Free Trade
Area,Area, The World Economy, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp.237-252, at p. 237.
Wilcox,, C, (1949) A Charter for World Trade, (publisherr unknown) New York.
Zevin,, L, (1995), The Economic Space of the CIS, Possible Paths to Organization, Problems of Economic Transition,, V. 37, No. 9, pp. 6-19.
EuropeanEuropean Community Documents:
Europeann Commission, (1993), Directorate-General for Regional Policies, Trade and Foreign Investment in thee Communities' Regions: the impact of economic reform in Central and Eastern Europe, ISBN 92-826-5583-0,, Luxembourg.
Europeann Commission, (1994), Foilow up to Commission Communication on The Europe Agreements and Beyond:: A Strategy to Prepare the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe for Accession', COM (94) 361 FINAL,, 27.07.94, Brussels.
Europeann Commission, (1995), White Paper on the Preparation of the Associated Countries for integration intoo the Internal Market of the Union, 10-5-1995, COM (95) 163 Final, Brussels.
Europeann Commission (1995), Competition Policy in the New World Trade Order Strengthening Internationall Cooperation and Rules, Report of the Group of Experts, DGIV, Luxembourg.
final,, 18.06.96, Brussels.
Europeann Commission (1996), Commission report to the Council and the European Parliament on the applicationn of the Agreement between the European Communities and the government of the United States off America regarding the application of their competition laws, COM(96)479 final, Adopted 8 October 1996, Brussels. .
Europeann Commission, Notice on cooperation between national courts and the Commission in applying Articless 85 and 86 of the EEC Treaty, OJ No C 39/6,13.2.93.
Europeann Commission (1997),Agreement between the European Communities and the Government of the Unitedd States of America on the application of positive Comity Principles in the enforcement of their Competitionn Laws, unpublished, 24.01.97.
Europeann Commission, (1997), 'Brittan Memorandum" on European Union Preferential Agreements, Europe Documents,, No. 2025, 27 Feb. 1997.
GATT/WTOGATT/WTO Documents and Publications:
GATTT (1994), The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, The Legal Texts, Geneva. .
GATTT (1994), Analytical Index, Guide to GATT Law and Practice, 6th Edition, Geneva. WTOO (1996), Regionalism and the World Trading System, Geneva..
WTOO (1998), Committee on Regional Trade Agreements, inventory of non-tariff Provisions in Regional
TradeTrade Agreements, WT/REG/W/26, Geneva.
WTOO (1998), Committee on Regional Trade Agreements, Note on the Meeting of 6-7 and 10 July, 1998, WT/REG/M/18,, 26 July 1998, Geneva.
WTO,, (1998), Committee on Regional Trade Agreements, Statement by the Delegation of Hong Kong, Chinaa on Systemic Issues, WT/REG/W/27,8 July 1998, Geneva.
WTO,, (1998), Committee on Regional Trade Agreements, Joint Communication to the WTO on the System off European Cumulation of Origin, WT/REG/GEN/N/1,16 November, 1998, Geneva.
GATT-4GATT-4 7 Reviews of notified regional trade agreements: (listed by chronology)
Nicaraguaa and El Salvador, Decision of 25 October 1951,1952 BISD. Southh Africa and Southern Rhodesia, 1952 BISD.
Nicaraguaa and Central American Free-trade Area, Decision of 13 November, 1956,1957 BISD. Thee Overseas Association, The Treaties Establishing the European Economic Community and the
Europeann Atomic Energy Community, 1958 BISD, Sixth Supplement, Reports 29 November, 1957, L/778, p. 70. .
EEC,, Report of the Intersessional Committee, 1959 BISD, Seventh Supplement, p. 69.
Europeann Free Trade Association Examination of Stockholm Convention, Report adopted 4 June 1960, 19611 BISD, Ninth Supplement, (L/1235).
Yaounde'' (first) Convention, 1966 BISD, L/2441 EEC-Israel,, 1972 BISD, U3581
EEC-Tanzania,, 1973 BISD, L/3721
EC-Austriaa report, 1974 BISD, L/3900 (and reports for Iceland (L/3902), Portugal, (L/3901); Sweden, (L/3899);; Switzerland & Lichtenstein (L/3893).
EC-Norwayy Report, 1975 BISD, L/3996 EEC-Cyprus,, 1975 BISD, L/4009 EEC-Egypt,, 1975 BISD, U4054 EC-Israel,, 1977 BISD, L/4365 Yaounde'II,, 1972 BISD, L/3465
ACP-EECC First Convention of Lomé, 1977 BISD, U4369
OtherOther Organisation Documents and Pubiications:
OECDD (1994), Globalization and Regionalism, Challenge for Developing Countries, by Charles Oman, Paris. OEECC (1957), Special Working Party for the Council, Report on the Possibility of Creating A Free Trade
Internationall Law Commission, Report on the Work of the Second Part of Seventeenth Session, Monaco, 1966,, Commentary to Article 37, UN General Assembly, 21st Session, Official Records, Supp. No. 9 (A/6309/Rev.1) )
Unitedd Nations, (1990), Regional Trade Blocks, Recommendations of the Committee for Development Planning,, New York.
U.S.. International Trade Commission, Regional Economic Integration and Implications for the United States, Washingtonn D.C., Publication 2621.
Viennaa Convention on the Law of Treaties, concluded at Vienna 23 May 1969, entry into force: 27 January 1980,, UN Doc A/Conf 39/28, UKTS 58 (1980), 8 ILM 679
