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UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl)

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The red gold rush: the impact of governance styles on value chains and the

well-being of lobster fishers in the wider Caribbean

Monnereau, I.

Publication date

2012

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):

Monnereau, I. (2012). The red gold rush: the impact of governance styles on value chains and

the well-being of lobster fishers in the wider Caribbean.

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Acknowledgements ... 7

Abbreviations ... 9

Prologue ... 10

The setting of this research ... 17

Outline of thesis ... 18

Chapter 1: Governance, global value chains and well-being: an introduction ... 20

Introduction ... 20

1.1 Fisheries governance ... 21

Governance styles ... 25

1.2 Global Value Chain Approach ... 27

1.3 The pursuit of well-being ... 31

Material dimension ... 32 Relational dimension ... 34 Subjective dimension: ... 37 1.4 Conceptual framework ... 39 1.5 Research methods ... 40 1.6 Limitations of research ... 46 Conclusion ... 48

Chapter 2: The alchemy of lobsters: from fertilizer to red gold ... 50

Introduction ... 50

2.1 Lobsters ... 51

2.2 From delicacy to food for the poor ... 54

2.3 Popularization of lobster in the United States ... 59

2.4 Lobster fisheries development in the Caribbean region... 64

Belize ... 65

Jamaica ... 67

Nicaragua ... 69

Conclusion ... 71

Chapter 3: National governance compared ... 73

Introduction ... 73

3.1 International level governance ... 74

3.2 State features and development orientation of national states ... 77

Belize ... 78

Jamaica ... 80

Nicaragua ... 81

3.3 National institutions, laws, and policies for lobster fishing... 84

Management laws and regulations in the lobster fishery... 85

Closed season ... 88

Illegal fishing ... 89

3.4 Stakeholder representation ... 93

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NGO involvement in Marine Protected Areas ... 95

Conclusion ... 97

Chapter 4: Peaceful fishing within Belize’s cooperative lobster fishery ... 102

Introduction ... 102

4.1 Belize’s lobster fishery ... 103

4.2 Material well-being ... 104

Trap fishers... 104

Divers ... 110

Remuneration ... 116

4.3 Relational well-being ... 120

4.5 Job satisfaction of fishers ... 126

Conclusion ... 129

Chapter 5: Fishing and haggling along the frontiers of Jamaica ... 131

Introduction ... 131

5.1 Fishing grounds ... 132

Types of fishing gear ... 134

5.2 Material well-being ... 136

Pedro Bank ... 136

Whitehouse ... 143

5.3 Relational well-being ... 148

5.4 Job satisfaction of fishers ... 153

Conclusion ... 155

Chapter 6: Nicaragua’s oligopolistic fishery: hardship in the wild, wild west ... 158

Introduction ... 158

6.1 Fishing grounds ... 159

6.2 Material and relational well-being ... 161

Small-scale trap fishers ... 161

Small-scale divers ... 165

Industrial trap fishers ... 168

Industrial divers ... 173

6.3 Economic alternatives: the white lobster ... 179

6.4 Job satisfaction of fishers ... 182

Conclusion ... 184

Chapter 7: The global chain of Caribbean lobsters’ tails... 187

7.1 From fishers to processing plants: the role of intermediaries ... 188

7.2 The role of processing plants ... 191

7.3 From processing plant to importer ... 194

7.4 Quality and food safety standards ... 195

7.5 The mysterious circle of lobster importers ... 199

Illegal lobster trade ... 202

7.6 The effects of the economic crisis on the lobster value chain ... 205

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Chapter 8 Conclusions... 215 Introduction ... 215 8.1 Governance styles ... 216 8.2 Value chains ... 219 8.3 Well-being ... 221

8.4 Central question and leads for improvement ... 225

Nederlandse samenvatting ... 227

English summary ... 234

Bibliography ... 241

Appendix A: Interview dates per category ... 264

Appendix B: Job Satisfaction Questionnaire ... 265

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