A new property regime in Kyrgyzstan; an investigation into the links between land reform, food security, and economic development - ANNEXES

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A new property regime in Kyrgyzstan; an investigation into the links between

land reform, food security, and economic development

Dekker, H.A.L.

Publication date

2001

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):

Dekker, H. A. L. (2001). A new property regime in Kyrgyzstan; an investigation into the links

between land reform, food security, and economic development. VIATECH.

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Annexx B: Real property transactions in Bishkek City

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Annexx E: Article in 'The Times of Central Asia', November 23,2000

BOOMTIMEE FOR KYRGYZ COTTON, NOT SO IN UZBEKISTAN (Byy Zamir Osorov*)

Inn times of market transition, the country that is quicker in implementing reforms finds itself in a more favorablee situation than those that are slower. In an agricultural country, the aspects particularty relevantt in carrying out reforms are private land ownership, trade, freedom of enterprise and some otherr freedoms, freedom of speech not being among the least

Worldd practices testify to this axiom being absolutely correct. However some transitional governments, includingg those of CentralAsia, give preference to methods of compulsion in running such processes

-forgettingforgetting that the reforms are intended to provide maximum economic freedom. In so doing some of thee leaders refer to national pecuiariUes, combating terrorism, sustaining order and so on.

However,, Kyrgyzstan's tangible successes in agriculture, resulting mainly from the reforms and private ownershipp of land, show that only freedom can lead to freedom. There is no alternative. This is shown byy a contrast with neighboring Uzbekistan where public ownership of land has remained in Is Soviet-typee forms of collective and state farms. There is more freedom in Kyrgyzstan than in Uzbekistan. Askarr Akayev is seemingly softer and weaker than Islam Karimov, who is a professional economist. Paradoxicall though I is, the leader's weakness becomes a strong point in his policies and is good for thee society being reformed.

Too make sure about this one can compare the fanners' standards of Iving on both sides of the border. Cottonn is cultivated both in Kyrgyzstan's Jalal-Abad province and Uzbekistan's adjacent Andijan province.. However, despite high crops, under Uzbek law, all the cotton is surrendered to the State; privatee sale of this strategic material is tegaly punishable. Meanwhile, thousands of farmers in Kyrgyzstann sefl cotton on their own. As a result of this freedom about ten foreign and joint ventures openedd of late in Kyrgyzstan's Nooken district alone, specializing in cotton purchase and processing. Thiss is in addition to the dtetrict center's state-run cotton processing plant that has lost Is monopoly. Cottonn competition between the purchasing agencies has turned out to be good for the fanners emancipatedd from colectivism: cotton prices are growing year on year. This year an average farming famlyy of 5 earned 30,000-50,000 soms (the som was 48/$1 this summer) from cotton in the Nooken dtetrtet,, significantly greater than urban famlies' incomes. One should also take into account that farmers,, in addition to their principal source of incorne, have cattle and poutiy.

Thee farmers' standard of iving is particularly low in Uzbekistan against this background. There raw cottonn producers Bve on scarce wages, exactly Ike in farmer times: the state confiscates the whole cottonn crop from them and all efforts of independence are suppressed. As a resul thousand of Uzbekistaniss this year had to Uegaly cross the frontier to earn money by working for the Kyrgyz farmerss as auxltary workers for 3&50 soms a day. More enterprising and shifty Uzbeks iving by the borderr are engaged wlh cotton, fuel and lubricant smuggling to Kyrgyzstan despte tough suppressive measuress by Uzbek authorities. Checkpoints and trenches are located a l along the frontier and heavily armedd border guards are always on duty. Nevertheless smugging is prospering. At nighttime, gasoline cistemss and cotton bales are transported from Uzbekistan to Kyrgyzstan. Large merchants can find a commonn language wth the customs officials; petty venturers smuggle goods using cycles to get around thee trenches, or carriages for mountain paths.

Inn a word, trie market economy always wins.

Uzbekistan'ss roads that have been closed to transit have turned out to be good for Kyrgyzstan but inflictedd serious economic damage on the Uzbek border towns such as Madaniyat, Honobad and Andijan.. In general, the majority of once flourishing oriental bazaars on the Uzbek border territory now sufferr hard dedne as the hub of local trade has moved to neighboring Kazakhstan.

"Kyrgyzstann has good tows for those who want do business'* are the words one can hear from Uzbeks comingg to Kyrgyzstan.