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CLEAN2.0, Model voor de berekening van stikstof- en fosfaatemissies uit de landbouw. Modelbeschrijving | RIVM

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RIVM rapport 773004 010 pag. 23 van 75

De ammoniakemissie uit opslag:

14 17 *

3 ,

3OpslagMNH3bron rNH OpslagM

uNH = eq. 14

uNH3OpslagM,NH3bron = ammoniakemissie uit de opslag, per mestsoort en per emissiebron (kg NH3); rNH3OpslagM = ammoniakemissie uit de opslag, per mestsoort (kg N).

Na de berekening van de ammoniakemissie uit opslag en de aggregatie van de

stikstofproductie in de stal naar mestsoorten (zie eq. 11), wordt tot slot de stikstofproductie verminderd met de emissie uit opslag:

M C , M C , M rNProdStal rNH Opslag odStal Pr uN = − 3 eq. 15

uNProdStalM,C = stikstofproductie in de stal, per mestsoort verminderd met de ammoniakemissie uit

opslag (kg N);

rNProdStalM,C = stikstofproductie in de stal, per mestsoort (kg N);

rNH3OpslagM = ammoniakemissie uit de opslag, per mestsoort (kg N).

De uitvoertabel/ -matrix uProdM,C bevat nu de berekende mestproductie, per mestregio (of

gemeente), per mestsoort en per mestcomponent. Voor de volumecomponent is de scheiding in dikke en dunne mest in de stal aangebracht (zie eq. 6) en voor de stikstofcomponent zijn de ammoniakemissies uit weide, stal en opslag (zie respectievelijk eq. 9 en eq. 15) in mindering gebracht.

Naast uitvoertabel/ -matrix met de mestproductie (uProdM,C), wordt een uitvoertabel/ -matrix

gegenereerd met de hoeveelheid mest die opgeslagen wordt buiten de stal, per mestregio (of gemeente) en per mestsoort:

12 M C , M M tCapOpslag * od Pr uV uOpslag = eq. 16

uOpslagM = hoeveelheid mest die opgeslagen wordt, per mestsoort (kg mest);

uVProdM,C = volume mestproductie, per mestsoort en per mestcomponent (kg mest);

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