The European Roma: minority representation, memory, and the limits of transnational governmentality - Contents

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The European Roma: minority representation, memory, and the limits of

transnational governmentality

van Baar, H.J.M.

Publication date

2011

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):

van Baar, H. J. M. (2011). The European Roma: minority representation, memory, and the

limits of transnational governmentality.

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Contentsȱ

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ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Acknowledgmentsȱ ȱȱȱȱxiȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Introductionȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ1ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ TurningȱtheȱtideȱforȱtheȱRomaȱofȱEuropeȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ1ȱ ȱ ȱ TowardȱanȱanalyticsȱofȱEuropeanȱgovernmentȱ ȱ ȱȱ5ȱ ȱ ȱ Europeanȱminorityȱgovernanceȱwithinȱtheȱproblematicsȱofȱgovernmentalityȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ8ȱ ȱ ȱ Politicizingȱminorityȱformation:ȱgovernmentalityȱandȱcounterȬconductȱ ȱȱȱ13ȱ ȱ ȱ Theȱpoliticsȱofȱcitizenshipȱasȱparticipation:ȱtravelingȱactivismȱandȱmemoryȱ ȱȱȱ16ȱ ȱ ȱ Scopeȱandȱoverviewȱofȱtheȱbookȱ ȱȱȱ20ȱ ȱ ȱ PARTȱ Iȱ GOVERNMENTALIZINGȱEUROPEȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 1ȱ TheorizingȱGovernmentalityȱ ȱȱȱ27ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Introductionȱ ȱȱȱ27ȱ ȱ ȱ Interrogatingȱpowerȱtopologically:ȱbeyondȱperiodizationȱandȱfunctionalismȱ ȱȱȱ28ȱ ȱ ȱ Rationalities,ȱtechnologies,ȱandȱstrategiesȱofȱgovernmentȱ ȱȱȱ35ȱ ȱ ȱ Processesȱofȱgovernmentalizationȱandȱmodalitiesȱofȱgovernmentalityȱ ȱȱȱ42ȱ ȱ ȱ Beyondȱgovernmentality?ȱContestationȱasȱaȱlimitȱconceptȱ ȱȱȱ45ȱ ȱ ȱ Conclusionȱȱ ȱȱȱ49ȱ ȱ ȱ 2ȱ TowardȱtheȱGovernmentalizationȱofȱEuropeȱ ȱȱȱ51ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Introductionȱ ȱȱȱ51ȱ ȱ ȱ StateȱandȱinterȬstateȱgovernmentalityȱinȱearlyȱmodernȱEuropeȱ ȱȱȱ52ȱ ȱ ȱ Liberalism:ȱgovernmentȱatȱtheȱfreedomȬsecurityȱnexusȱ ȱȱȱ57ȱ ȱ ȱ Aȱtransitȱtoȱpartȱtwoȱ ȱȱȱ65ȱ ȱ ȱ Conclusionȱȱ ȱȱȱ72ȱ ȱ

viiiȱȱȱȱȱȱCONTENTSȱ ȱ PARTȱ IIȱ HISTORICITYȱANDȱROMANIȱMINORITYȱFORMATIONȱINȱEUROPEȱ ȱ ȱ 3ȱ ContaminatedȱGrounds:ȱDisputingȱtheȱRoma’sȱOriginsȱ ȱȱȱ77ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Introductionȱ ȱȱȱ77ȱ ȱ ȱ Endangeredȱminoritiesȱinȱanȱageȱofȱglobalizationȱ ȱȱȱ80ȱ ȱ ȱ Beyondȱessentialism:ȱRomaniȱethnicityȱandȱdiasporaȱasȱaȱdeathtrap?ȱ ȱȱȱ86ȱ ȱ ȱ TowardȱaȱpluralizedȱunderstandingȱofȱEnlightenmentȱthoughtȱ ȱȱȱ92ȱ ȱ ȱ Linguisticsȱandȱtheȱfoundationȱofȱmodernȱcomparativeȱresearchȱ ȱȱȱ99ȱ ȱ ȱ Conclusionȱȱ ȱ103ȱ ȱ ȱ 4ȱ DiggingȱtheȱPitȱofȱBabel:ȱTheȱAmbiguityȱofȱRomaniȱMinorityȱFormationȱ ȱ107ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Introductionȱ ȱ107ȱ ȱ ȱ CameralismȱandȱpoliceȱsciencesȱinȱtheȱeighteenthȬcenturyȱHabsburgȱEmpireȱȱ ȱ112ȱ ȱ ȱ HabsburgȱGypsyȱassimilationistȱpoliciesȱinȱlightȱofȱgovernmentalityȱ ȱ118ȱ ȱ ȱ ProtoȬliberalismȱandȱtheȱemergenceȱofȱtheȱsocialȱinȱlateȱCameralismȱ ȱ130ȱ ȱ ȱ BioȬpolitics,ȱorganicism,ȱandȱprospectsȱforȱminorityȱselfȬarticulationȱ ȱ133ȱ ȱ ȱ Theȱemergenceȱofȱ‘Gypsyȱstudies’ȱrevisitedȱ ȱ140ȱ ȱ ȱ Conclusionȱȱ ȱ147ȱ ȱ

PARTȱȱIIIȱ PLACING,ȱSCALING,ȱANDȱTIMINGȱTHEȱROMAȱINȱTHEȱNEWȱEUROPEȱ ȱ

ȱ 5 TheȱEuropeanizationȱofȱtheȱRomaȱandȱNeoȬliberalȱGovernmentalityȱȱ ȱ153ȱ ȱ Introductionȱ ȱ153ȱ ȱ ȱ ProblematizingȱtheȱRomaȱasȱaȱEuropeanȱminorityȱ ȱ156ȱ ȱ ȱ NeoȬliberalismȱasȱgovernmentalityȱ ȱ163ȱ ȱ ȱ Reshapingȱdevelopment,ȱsecurity,ȱandȱrightsȱvisȬàȬvisȱEurope’sȱRomaȱ ȱ174ȱ ȱ ȱ Conclusionȱȱ ȱ189ȱ ȱ ȱ 6ȱ ArticulatingȱNeoȬliberalismȱandȱtheȱLegaciesȱofȱCommunismȱ ȱ191ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Introductionȱ ȱ191ȱ ȱ ȱ ChallengingȱtheȱRoma’sȱdependencyȱandȱpovertyȱthroughȱactivationȱpoliciesȱ ȱ192ȱ ȱ ȱ Changingȱwelfare,ȱchangingȱstatesȱofȱmindȱ ȱ196ȱ ȱ ȱ ActivationȱprogramsȱandȱtheirȱdehumanizingȱeffectsȱonȱtheȱRomaȱ ȱ200ȱ ȱ ȱ Genealogicalȱtrajectoriesȱofȱdifference:ȱlegaciesȱofȱcommunismȱ ȱ205ȱ ȱ ȱ Shakingȱhands:ȱtheȱinadaptableȱmeetsȱtheȱinactiveȱ ȱ223ȱ ȱ ȱ Conclusionȱ ȱ230ȱ ȱ ȱ 7ȱ TravelingȱActivismȱin/againstȱtheȱSpiritȱofȱNeoȬliberalismȱ ȱ233ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Introduction:ȱtheȱRomaniȱmovementȱafterȱtheȱfallȱofȱcommunismȱ ȱ233ȱ ȱ ȱ BeyondȱtheȱperverseȱconfluenceȱofȱparticipatoryȱdemocracyȱandȱneoȬliberalismȱ ȱ238ȱ ȱ ȱ Travelingȱactivism:ȱtowardȱaȱpoliticsȱofȱcitizenshipȱasȱparticipationȱ ȱ248ȱ ȱ ȱ Transnationalȱnetworkingȱandȱknowledgeȱproductionȱ ȱ260ȱ ȱ ȱ Conclusionȱȱ ȱ268ȱ

CONTENTSȱȱȱȱȱȱixȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 8 TheȱEuropeanȱMemoryȱProblemȱRevisited:ȱȱ ȱ ȱ271ȱ RomaniȱMemoryȱbeyondȱAmnesiaȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ Introductionȱ ȱ271ȱ ȱ ȱ TemporalityȱandȱtheȱEuropeanȱmemoryȱproblemȱ ȱ273ȱ ȱ ȱ Theȱwayȱoutȱofȱamnesiaȱ ȱ279ȱ ȱ ȱ TheȱgovernmentalizationȱofȱHolocaustȱremembranceȱinȱEuropeȱ ȱ292ȱ ȱ ȱ RomaniȱmemorialȱstrategiesȱandȱtheȱmemoryȱdeficitȱofȱEUȱpoliticalȱactionȱ ȱ296ȱ ȱ ȱ Inȱlieuȱofȱaȱconclusion:ȱtheȱlimitsȱofȱtheȱpoliticsȱofȱreȬmemberingȱ ȱ309ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ AfterthoughtȱatȱaȱTimeȱofȱCrisisȱ ȱ315ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Aȱcrisisȱofȱgoverningȱ ȱ315ȱ ȱ ȱ Betweenȱstarvationȱandȱdeadlyȱviolenceȱ ȱ317ȱ ȱ ȱ TheȱEuropeanȱRomaȱatȱtheȱnexusȱofȱsecurityȱandȱdevelopmentȱ ȱ321ȱ ȱ ȱ Inquiriesȱintoȱtheȱpoliticsȱofȱcitizenshipȱ ȱ325ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ListȱofȱAcronymsȱ ȱ331ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ListȱofȱIllustrationsȱ ȱ333ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Interviewsȱȱȱȱ ȱ335ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Referencesȱȱ ȱ339ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Summaryȱ ȱ ȱ373ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Sumaroȱ–ȱSummaryȱinȱRomanesȱ ȱ379ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Samenvattingȱ–ȱSummaryȱinȱDutchȱ ȱ387ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Indexȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ395ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ