Appendices
Appendix 1: Subject inclusion in the text sample. The table is displayed by subjects referenced in most texts to fewest, along with the mode of reference.
Key:
X = inclusion in written narrative B = extra emphasis with bolded term or biographical margin box S = use of primary source material related to the topic P = Pictured
? = question of any type / = not included
Topic Lapansky - Pearson (USA) Appleby - McGraw (USA) Danzer - HMH (USA) Perez - Pearson (MEX) Montoya - McGraw (MEX) Martinez - Trillas (MEX)
NAFTA
B P ?
X ? ? ?
B P ? ?
X ? ? ?
X ? ?
X ? S
Modern immigration
(1980s-today)
X
X S B
X ?
X x ?
X ? ? S ?
x
Immigration during
1960s - 1970s
X ?
X P ? ? ?
x
X ?
x
x
Contributions of
Mexicans (from Great
Depression -WWII)
x
X x ? ?
X X ?
x
x
x
Bracero program &
migration
X B X X ? ? X x
B P ? ?
X ?
x
/
Pancho Villa
B P
X
B P
P
P
X P
Venustiano Carranza
x
x
x
P
x
X P
Emiliano Zapata
/
/
B P
P
P
X P P
Zoot suit riots
X P ?
B
P S
/
x
/
Zimmerman Note
B ? ?
?
B ? ?
?
x
X P ?
Development of
Chicano culture
x
x
x
x
x
x
Mexican-American
migration during early
twentieth century
X x
x
/
x
X ? ? ?
/
Woodrow Wilson
X
x
P
/
x
x
Mexican-American
alliance during Second
World War (and impact
on relations)
Immigration Reform and
Control Act of 1986
B
x
/
x
/
/
Globalization changing
culture
X ?
X
X ?
Bilingual education in
USA
B
x
x
/
/
/
Cesar Chavez
P B B ?
B x ?
B B P x
/ / /Dolores Huerta
x
B x ?
x
/ / /United Farm Workers
B
X ??
B ?
/ / /La Raza Unida
x
X ? ?
B ?
/ / /Jose Angel Gutierrez
x
X
x
/ / /Deportations of
Mexican-Americans
during 1930s
X ?
X ? X
S X
/ / /Deportations of the
1950s
x
x
/ / / /Great Depression
impacts on or
government efforts for
Mexicans
X S P P
/X ?
/ / /Appendix 2: Language Coding - These are not comprehensive, but provide samples to illustrate
Positive Examples Negative Examples
Migration “Their work is very important for both
countries...Nowadays, the entrance of money is greater than the income from oil exports.” (Perez, 207)
“The Bank of Mexico estimates that
remittances add up to around…$22.4 Billion in 2012. This is a very important quantity of money to support the development of the economy of our country.” (Martinez, 204)
“This luxury was made possible by a group of hardworking and largely silent migrant
farmworkers.” (Lapansky, 1030)
An important impact of the Chicano Mural Movement was that it helped remind
Hispanics of their identity and contributions to the United States...” (Appleby, 533)
“Many Americans believed that their country can’t absorb more immigrants. By the early 1990s, an estimated 3.2 million illegal immigrants from Mexico...They took jobs many Americans turned down…” (Danzer, 886)
“Like all immigrants, Latinos have varying educational and employment backgrounds. Often they are forced to take lower paying jobs with no healthcare benefits.” (Lapansky, 1128)
“For these reasons, deported fathers and mothers have had to leave their children born in the United States with the inability of our government to negotiate reform.” (Perez, 207)
Illegal immigrants’ problems didn’t end when they entered the United States...some owners stopped employing people with Latino names, including illegal immigrants.” (Danzer, 769)
[Braceros] “By 1964, 3 million Mexicans had worked in the United States under the
program, most of them as farm laborers. Many were exploited and cheated by their employers...The migrants had little
power…”legalized slavery.” (Lapansky, 907)
“In some cases, this repatriation was voluntary as jobs became scarce. In other cases, repatriation was forced...It also stepped up efforts to deport immigrants who had violated the law. In the Southwest, federal officials rounded up Mexicans (often without regard to their citizenship status) and forcibly returned them to Mexico.” (Appleby, 296)
“When their employment ended, the braceros were expected to return to Mexico. However, many remained in the United States illegally. In addition, hundreds of thousands of
Mexicans entered the country illegally to escape poor economic conditions in Mexico...Between 1953 and 1955, the US deported more than 2 million illegal Mexican immigrants.” (Danzer, 662)
Cooperation “To alleviate the rural population drain, the
United States partnered with Mexico to operate the bracero program, bringing laborers from Mexico to work on American farms.” (Lapansky, 811)
“After the passage of NAFTA, more than 100,000 low-wage jobs were lost in US manufacturing industries such as apparel, auto parts, and electronics.” (Danzer, 873)
“Like African-Americans, most Mexican Americans served in segregated units. Seventeen Mexican-American soldiers were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. An all-Chicano unit - Company E of the 141st Regiment, 36th Division became one of the most decorated of the war.” (Danzer, 573)
“During the conflict, the collaboration of Mexico with the United States was extremely important...Mexico sent indispensable
products and workforce.” (Martinez, 202)
“The Second World War resulted in strengthening relations with the United States….“in the first place, it served to improve relations with the United States, changing from aggressive to neighborly…” (Perez, 204)
“Many Americans feared that NAFTA would cause industrial jobs to move to Mexico, where labor costs were lower. Although some jobs were lost, the US unemployment rate fell as wages rose.” (Appleby, 614)
[NAFTA] “This agreement between the governments was a radical experiment without precedent in the history of the world.” (Perez, 251)
“On the initiative of the United States, both nations have collaborated to fight this type of organized crime...the government of the United States has given 1.6 billion in assistance to Mexico for improving technology, professionalizing police,
developing infrastructure, securing the border and developing a culture of legality.” (Perez, 249)
Conflict and Tension “The Simpson Rodino Law of 1987 offered
Mexican workers legalization, with
requirements almost impossible to meet, like having almost no relationship with the Nazis.” (Montoya, 193)
“In recent years, a process of cultural standardization has been imposed by the United States...many Mexican aspire to live like, eat like and have American values.” (Perez, 245)
“Regardless of their citizenship status, people of Mexican heritage were often treated as outsiders by the
English-pspeaking majority.” (Appleby, 531)
“As with all cultural movements that emphasize an ethnic identity, however, a potential negative effect of the movement
was that it might also have contributed to division among communities, rather than emphasizing common ground among all Americans...Some people found some images disturbing.” (Appleby, 533)
“The problem of migrants has become a central theme in the relation with the United States. The MExican government has demanded better treatment of workers working in that country against the hardening of politics against illegal workers.” (Martinez, 204)
“In Los Angeles, the fear of juvenile crime and racism against Mexicans became linked in the zoot suit riots...Most men
[non-Mexicans], to conserve fabric for the war, wore a victory suit” (Appleby, 364)
Foreign/American Oil companies had abusive practices and disadvantageous to Mexcian economy (Martinez, 179)
[Braceros] “Their salaries were less than Americans and they suffered abuses and aggression from employers, authorities and racist groups.” (Perez, 207)
Eisenhower deportations of 3.7 million Mexicans. “The raids were criticized in the United States and Mexico” (Appleby, )
Individual Agency [Chavez]
“A strong supporter of nonviolence, he led peaceful strikes and boycotts that were usually successful. His contributions earned Chavez a Presidential Medal of Freedom the year following his death.” (Appleby, 532)
Migrant workers had tried to form unions before and failed; Chavez made the effort succeed.”(Lapansky, 1029)
“He and his followers raided the Rio Arriba County Courthouse...forced authorities to recognize the plight...They were later arrested.” (Danzer, 771)
Appendix 3
: Images
1 2
1 Martinez, 204 2 Danzer, 662
3
4
5 6
5 Lapansky, 716 6 Montoya, 181
7
8
9
10
11
12
(Lapansky caption)
(Danzer caption)
13 14
13 Montoya, 222 14 Perez, 248
15 16
15 Appleby, 606 16 Lapansky, 743
17 18
17 Montoya, 228 18 Montoya, 240
19 20
19 Lapansky, 1115 20 Danzer, 864
21 22
23 24
22 Lapansky, 1028 23 Lapansky, 761 24 Danzer, 364
25
26 27
26 Martinez, 171 27 Perez, 178
28 29
28 Montoya, 165 29 Danzer, 365
30 31
30 Lapansky, 610 31 Appleby, 195
32
33
37
34 Danzer, 770 35 Appleby, 532 36 Lapansky, 1029 37 Lapansky, 913
40
38 Appleby, 533 39 Lapansky, 907 40 Martinez, 200
