tydperk. Hoofstuk VII, "'Irene-Doringkloof en sy mense", fokus voorts rue net op verdere lewensketse en bydraes van aDder vooraanstaande inwoners soosJ.A. van del Byl en E.G. en Mabel Jansen Die, maar sny oak by die dorpsontwikkeling aan. Irene bet sedert sy stigting in 1902 die tuiste van verskeie bekende instansies geword; ontwikkeling was egter stadig totdat Doringkloof in 1970 geproklameer is en die gemeentegeskiedenis oak 'naanvang Deem.
Die laaste twee hoofstukke word aan die Ned. Geref. gemeente Doorn-kloof gewy: afstigting (1973), kerklike organisasie en groei, die leraars en kerklike eiendom word behandel. Die voornemende eienaarbouer kan gerus by hierdie kerkraad kers opsteek: deur die bouwerk aan die kerkkompleks self te onderneem, is R75 000 bespaar! Laastens word gemeentebedrywig-hede soos evangelisasie, sending, vroueaksie en jeugwerk onder die loep geneem.
'n Betreklik volledige bronnelys verskyn agter in die werk en 'n bruikbare register van persoonsname fond 'n flSies aantreklike publikasie af. Onge-lukkig word geeD voernote gebruik Die en bronneverwysings in die teks is oak skraps, wat die leser soms laat wonder waar die inligting bekom is. Die tipografie is goed -slegs enkele taalfoute en verskrywings kom voor, onder meet Pleistocene (p. 6), Ketsjwayo (p. 36) en daart (p. 166). Hoewel die skrywer soms te gedetailleerde beskrywings gebruik (waardeur die verband met Doomkloofwereld vervaag) en ten opsigte van die chrono-logie rondspring, kan die hele gemeenskap van Doringkloof en Irene trots wees op dr. Kotze se pennevrug. Verder sa! navorsers oar die gebied die
werk beswaarlik kan ignoreer. '
word, is dit veral gemeenskappe (4), sosio-ekonomiese
geskiedenis (3), sosiale geskiedenis alleen (2), ekonomiese
geskiedenis alleen (2), demografiese tendense (2), plaaslike
dienste, bestuur en groei (2), geografie (1) en
kultuur-geskiedenis (1) wat onder die soeklig kom (kategoriee 4-5).
, n Leemte bestaan beslis tenopsigte van agrariese (landbou-)
geskiedenis, sekere aspekte van plaaslike en
streekadmini-strasie en kommunikasie. Wat betref metodologiese en
teoretiese fasette van stedelike en streekgeskiedenis, bestaan
ook geeD studie Die. Die drie projekte in stedelike en
streek-ontwikkeling, bestuur en administrasie, wat op 'n wyer,
provinsiale en nasionale vlak onderneem word, is ingesluit
omdat dit vir stedelike en streekhistoriese navorsing van
groot waarde is.
'n Gebiedsindeling van die 38 projekte bring die
volgen-de aan die lig: Kaapprovinsie (19), Transvaal (8), Natal (8),
Vrystaat (1) en RSA (2).
Samevattend blyk dit dus dat stedelike en
streekgeskiede-Gis as sodanig Die meet 'n vetwaarloosde terrein is Die. Dit
geld egter slegs ten opsigte van sekere aspekte en veral sekere
gebiede. So word byvoorbeeld in dertien van die 28 streke
-volgens
die Mdeling Streekgeskiedenis se
streekinde-ling -geeD
studie onderneem nie.4 II
Road lIir Geesleswelenskaplike Nl1l1orsingP.H.R. SNYMAN4. Die 38 projekte wat bier ter sprake is, is slegs navorsing wat uit die verrnelde bronne geidentiflseer is en nie aile stedelike en streek-histo-riese navorsing wat in die RSA ondemeem word nie. By die Afdeling Streekgeskiedenis word byvoorbeeld streekstUdies oor die Noordoos-Vrystaat, Noordwes- Transvaal, Zoeloeland en Noord-Kaapland gedoen.
BOEKBESPREKINGS
BOOK REVIEWS
C. SAUNDERS, H. PHIWPS, E. VAN HEYNINGEN and V, BicKFORD-SMlrn (Eds.) Studies in the history ofCllpe Town. Vol 5 (ISBN 07992 0568 0). History Depattment, in association with the Centre for African Studies, Universiry of Cape Town, 19"84.
The papers included in this collection were delivered at the fourth workshop on the history of greater Cape Town, held at the University of Cape Town on 3 and 4 June 1983.
Dealing with diverse topics they are nevertheless in the realm of urban history. The first two concern Islam: Robert Shell investigates the rt;asons for conversion to Islam during the period 1808-1915. He makes use of the censuses of 1841, 1854, 1865, 1875, 1891 and 1904 and analyses the remarks and contemporary observations of travellers, missionaries, administrators and patticipanrs to show the nature of the growth and the geographical distribution of Islam. He makes the point that it was an urban religion and comprehensively discusses how conversion to Islam took place mention-ing slavery, adoption, education, marriage and the last rites which makes for an interesting an perceptive insight into why the number of Islamic conversions was so high. He concludes that Islam filled the social and legal gap which slavery at the Cape at first consigned slaves to and where the Christian rites of baptism, marriage and internment were denied them. There is an extensive bibliography and source list and Shell seems to have made comprehensive use of existing records from the period.
Achmat Davids briefly traces the history of the smallpox outbreaks of nineteenth century Cape Town and analyses the Cape Muslims' reactions to them which were based on the fact that they were not prepared to give up the privilege of freedom of religion without a struggle. It was only during the 1882 epidemic, by which time they had a fair degree of political strength and the ability to articulate their grievances, that their protest against the health policy of the Cape Town municipaliry became militant. Davids traces this militancy through their rejection of vaccination, hospitalisation, and quarantine, and sers out the religious reasons for their opposition. He also discusses spiritual medicinal prescriptions and details the municipality's attemprs to control the cemetaries and hence their burial practices. He concludes that though the "Malay Revolt" against the early nineteenth century smallpox epidemics was purely a religious revolt, it nevertheless focussed attention on the Muslims' political and social disadvantages in the society of Cape Town. Davids illustrates his points with quotes from newspapers and magazines of the period especially The LlJntem and has produced an interesting and fairly detailed article from the point of view of the Malays while at the same time being sympathetic and understanding of their plight.
In the third paper Elizabeth van Heyningen presents a different aspect of Cape Town health matters. She concentrates on venereal diseases and the measures taken from 1868-1902 to control prostitution. The first part deals largely with the Contagious Diseases Act of 1868, the support for, opposition against and effects of this act. She also goes on to discuss the changing composition of the prostitutes as the century progresses and traces the influence of the Hugenot Seminary at Wellington, the Vrouesending-bond and the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) on the rescue work of prostitutes. This study also sheds light on the life of the labouring classes and opens up the usually hidden aspect of prostitution in society. She also reveals the role played by the reform movement and C.S. KOTZE, DoornkJoofwereld. ..Ned. Geref. Kerk: Doornkloof,
1983. 215 pp. Gei:llustreerd. R12,00.
Wanneer die streekhistorikus 'n nuwe stUdie aanpak, gebeur dit dikwels dat die enigste bestaande sekondere bran oar 'n gemeenskap 'n geleent-heidspublikasie van die kerk is. Dit kan clan gewoonlik met vtUg gebtUik word. Met die eerste oogopslag mag dit miskien Irk of hierdie werk eksklusief vir die Ned. Geref. gemeente van Doornkloof bedoel is, maar dit is stellig veel meer. Behalwe die gemeentegeskiedenis is dit veral die interessante en unieke voorgeskiedenisvan die gebied war behandel word en eweneens vir navorsers van waarde sal wees.
Die gebied war in DoornkJoofwereld beskryf word, is die produk van 'n bevolkingsontploffing en snelle stedelike groei in die Verwoerdburg-gebied suid van Pretoria; tog is dit ook 'n amperse konttasterende wereld: een gedeelte die moderne dorp Doringkloof en die ander die byna eeu-Que, geskiedkundige Irene, war albei die afgelope dekade uit bulle Date gebars her.
Die hoek val in nege hoofstUkke uiteen en die auteur begin met 'n insig-gewende topografiese oorsig in hoofstuk I. Daarna volg die geskiedenis voor Blanke-besetting in hoofstuk II waarin die wel en wee van die Nie-Blanke volke onder die soeklig kom en war met die vestiging van die eerste Blanke pioniers eindig. Deur egter te swaar te steun op die werk van Peter Becker oor Mzilikazi, begaan dr. Kotze die four deur te beweer dat Andries Waterhoer die Batlokwa in 1823 by Dithakong verslaan her (p.9). Intensiewe navorsing deur onder andere M. How en E. Smith her aangetoon dat dit inderwaarheid die Phuting, Hlakwane en Fokeng was war bulle rieme teen die Griekwas styfgeloop her. Oak die stelling dat duisende Griekwas van Barend Barends in 1831 deur Mzilikazi se krygers gedood is (p. 12), is foutief -dit was volgens Kent Rasmussen nie eers 1 000 Die.
Die Erasmus-familie, wie se naam vandag DOg in verskeie plekname in en om Pretoria voortleef, was ware pioniers in die oopstelling van Doorn-kIoof. Die loop bane van D.E. en D.].E. Erasmus en die betrokkenheid van hierdie familie op bykans elke lewensterrein oor 'n tydperk van ongeveer 70 jaar word clan verder in hoofstuk III verhaal. Die auteur verwar egter vir sir Harty Smith met kapt. T.C. Smith (p. 25).
In hoofstukke IV en VI word rwee merkwaardige en charismatiese persone war deeglik bulle stempel op Doornkloof afgedtUk het, op lewendige wyse uitgebeeld: die een 'n sakeman en nyweraar, die persoonlike vriend van Paul Kruger, Alois Hugo Nellmapius, en die ander 'n staats- en krygsman, ]an Christiaan Smuts. Die rwee hoofstukke word verbind deur hoofstuk V oor die Irene-konsentrasiekamp -'n aangrypende relaas oor 'n sombere
benefitting the Reform party would have helped. Wider reference to the Town Council minutes could possibly have helped in this connection.
The final study by Jane Carruthers deals with the supply of electricity in the Greater Cape Town area from 1875 to after the Second World War. She traces this development largely through the career of G.H. Swingler who was appointed city electrical engineer of Cape Town in 1918, a post he kept till his formal retirement in 1944. In looking at his career she details his involvement in the building of the Muizenberg power station; the expansion of the Dock Road power station; his opposition to the Electricity Bill; his struggle to retain the independence of Cape Town's electricity supply; his co-operation with Escom and the Salt River power station. Although basically focussing on Swingler's life it is detailed and analytical enough to give us the background and political power play involved in the development of Cape Town's electricity supply.
Overall, this publication, in a new book format, gives a fascinating insight into little known aspects of social life, local events and living conditions of Cape Town histoty. The majority of the papets concentrated on providing a look at the social, living and working conditions of that part of Cape Town society occupying the lower economic specrrum. The published papers nevertheless make a substantial contribution to our knowledge of the histoty of Cape Town.
A. DE. V. MINNAAR
Human Sci~nces Research Council
CORRIGENDUM
those opposed to it hoping for regulation and control with a brief look at the medical officers involved in the application of the Contagious Diseases Act. It is thin on statistics but informative of social aspects and an extensive bibliography has been used.
Still dealing with health matters Peter Buirski tries to map out and account for the various trends in cenain monality rates for Cape Town during the period 1895-1980. Using the available statistics for monality, which only stan with the Binhs and Deaths Registration Act of 1894, while the suburban statistics were only included in Greater Cape Town after 1913, he has set up graphs, ethnically divided, to illustrate the changes over time in those aspects of the social environment minored in the monality data. This data also focuses on the monality changes of cenain infectious diseases, the prevalence of which he concludes provides an index of a community's social and hygiene conditions. In separate sections he deals with the infectious diseases of enteric or typhoid fever infantile gastro-enteritis or diarrhoea and tUberculosis. He concludes that these infectious diseases were essentially a non-white phenomenon. The course followed by enteric fever was largely determined by the extension of water borne sewerage while the decline of infantile gastro-enteritis from about 1960 was associated with a decrease in poveny. Tuberculosis only diminished with the introduction of chemotherapy in the late 1940s. Buirski relies heavily on the repons of the MOH of Cape Town which by the vety nature of the anicle is adequate. However, when it comes to the interpretation and presentation of the social aspects of the data a wider reference will be needed.
David Lombaard's subject is the only strike in Cape Town's histoty of its police force which occurred at the height of the New Year's eve festivities in December 1917. He traces the reasons for the build up of resentment at working conditions, especially amongst the younger unmarried police-men; their effons to seek redress through official channels; the rebuffs they received and their final decision and written ultimation to go on strike in an effon to focus attention on their plight. He details the results and penalties given to the guilty strikers and the suppon given by the public to the strikers. However, he ends with an unsatisfactoty attempt to inject a marxist class theoty into the conclusion. His references were largely govern-ment repons and inquiries and the odd newspaper repon.
The final two papers in the volume are both concerned with aspects of municipal government. Vivian Bickford-Smith, draws upon the little-used Standard Bank archives as well as other sources to examine the material interests of members of the town council of Cape Town during the last two decades of the nineteenth centuty and how they acted to influence the development policies and practices of this body. The battle for control of the town council between the eventual winners the Clean or Reform Pany who were opposed by the so-called "Diny Party" is outlined. The latter seemed to represent the landlord class while the reformers seemed to represent the merchants or successful businessmen who could afford to be reformers as they did not own extensive land or buildings. The Reform Pany received extensive support from the newspapers who were dependent upon the reformers for much of their advenising revenue. After gaining victoty in the 1882 elections the Reform Pany secured themselves in office by continued press suppon and changes in the tUles for municipal voting in 1885, 1890 and 1893 and were able to look after their interests viI. by developing the centre of town while neglecting the outskins of town especially concerning the provision of housing in the poorer areas. This stUdy, however, ends disappointingly with little detail of the methods used or actual interests protected. More information concerning specific projects
