Driven by the future: Future time perspective across life domains and cultures - Appendices; Summary; Summary in Dutch (samenvatting); References; Publications and contributions of co-authors; About the author; Ackno
83
0
0
Hele tekst
(2) $33(1',&(6.
(3) Appendix A. $33(1',;$ /LWHUDWXUH6HDUFK)XWXUH7LPH3HUVSHFWLYH 'DWDEDVHV 3V\F,1)2 0('/,1( (5,& %XVLQHVV6RXUFH3UHPLHU :HERI6FLHQFH &,1$+/ 63257'LVFXV. UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(4) UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(5) UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(6) UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(7) UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(8) UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(9) UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(10) . ([SHUW $XWKRUV FRQWDFWHG IRU XQSXEOLVKHGQRQVLJQLILFDQW GDWD IURP WKH WKUHH OLIH GRPDLQV UHVXOWV )HEUXDU\
(11) $XWKRUVFRQWDFWHGIRUWKH)73UHVHDUFK HLWKHUEDVHGRQWKH$EVWUDFWERRNDWWKHWK7LPH3HUVSHFWLYHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRQIHUHQFH
(12) RU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH /LIH GHVLJQLQJ DQG FDUHHU FRXQVHOOLQJ %XLOGLQJ KRSH DQG 5HVLOLHQFH¶¶
(13) UHVXOW )HEUXDU\
(14) 3RVWV µ¶&DOOIRUGDWDIRUPHWDDQDO\VLVRQ)XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH¶¶,QWHUQDWLRQDO7LPH3HUVSHFWLYH 1HWZRUN¶¶JURXS /LQNHG,Q
(15) DQGWKHWLPHUHVHDUFKOLVWVHUY UHVXOWV )HEUXDU\
(16) ,QWRWDO UHVXOWV DIWHUUHPRYLQJWKHGXSOLFDWHV $IWHULQVSHFWLRQRIPDLQLQFOXVLRQFULWHULD &ROOHFWHGDQGLQVHUWHGLQWKH([FHOILOHDQG&0$ UHSRUWVLQGLYLGXDOVDPSOHV 3V\F,1)2 2YLG63 )XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH 25 IXWXUH DGM WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH
(17) WLDELGWP 25 IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW WLDELGWP25IXWXUHFRQVHTXHQFH WLDELGWP25IXWXUHRULHQWDWLRQWLDELGWP25 WLPH RULHQWDWLRQWLDELGWP 25 IXWXUH SODQQLQJWLDELGWP 25 WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUHWLDELGWP 25 ]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYHWLDELGWP 25 H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH $'- PHDVXUH 25 VFDOH
(18)
(19) WLDELGWP 25 ZDOODFH PHDVXUHWLDELGWP 25 :DOODFH IXWXUHHYHQWVWHVWWLDELGWP25ORQJWHUPSHUVRQDOGLUHFWLRQVFDOHWLDELGWP25 DFKLHYDELOLW\RIIXWXUHJRDOVVFDOHWLDELGWP25WHPSRUDOIRFXVVFDOHWLDELGWP25 IXWXUH ZRUN DGM VDOLHQFH RU JRDO
(20)
(21) WLDELGWP 25 FDUHHU SODQQLQJWLDELGWP 25 IXWXUH 158.
(22) Appendix A. FDUHHUWLDELGWP 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(23) (GXFDWLRQGRPDLQ OHDUQ WLDELG 25 VFKRRO OHDUQLQJ 25 HGXFDW WLDELG 25 FODVVURRP WLDELG 25 PLGGOH VFKRRO HGXFDWLRQ 25 PLGGOH VFKRRO VWXGHQWV 25 MXQLRU KLJK VFKRRO VWXGHQWV 25 KLJK VFKRROHGXFDWLRQ25KLJKVFKRROVWXGHQWV25VFKRRO WLDELG25VHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQ25 KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ 25 JUDGXDWH HGXFDWLRQ 25 XQGHUJUDGXDWH HGXFDWLRQ 25 SRVWJUDGXDWH WUDLQLQJ25MXQLRUFROOHJHVWXGHQWV25FROOHJHVWXGHQWV25FROOHJH WLDELG25DFDGHPLF DFKLHYHPHQW25FROOHJHDFDGHPLFDFKLHYHPHQW25XQLYHUVLW WLDELG 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(24) :RUNGRPDLQ FDUHHU GHYHORSPHQW 25 FDUHHU WLDELG 25 RFFXSDWLRQV 25 RFFXSDWLRQ WLDELG 25 SHUVRQQHO 25 SHUVRQQHOWLDELG 25 MRE DSSOLFDQWV 25 MRE SHUIRUPDQFH 25 MRE WLDELG 25ZRUN WLDELG25HPSOR\ WLDELG25YRFDWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQ25YRFDWLRQDOPDWXULW\ 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
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
(26) 0RWLYDWHGEHKDYLRU PRWLYDWLRQ 25 PRWLYDW WLDELG 25 DFKLHYHPHQW 25 DFKLHYHPHQW WLDELG 25 OHDUQ WLDELG 25 DFDGHPLF DFKLHYHPHQW PRWLYDWLRQ 25 VWXGHQW HQJDJHPHQW 25 DFDGHPLF25VWXGHQW
(27) $'-HQJDJHPHQW
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
(29) Appendix A. RISODQQHGEHKDYLR"UWLDELG 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(30) $1' 2525
(31) $1' UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(32) . 0('/,1( 2YLG0('/,1(,Q3URFHVV 2WKHU1RQ,QGH[HG&LWDWLRQVDQG2YLG0('/,1( 5
(33) )XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH IXWXUH DGM WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH
(34) WLDE 25 IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW WLDE 25 IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH WLDE 25 IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQWLDE 25 WLPH RULHQWDWLRQWLDE 25 IXWXUH SODQQLQJWLDE 25 WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUHWLDE 25 ]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYHWLDE 25 H[SHULHQWLDOWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH$'- PHDVXUH25VFDOH
(35) WLDE25ZDOODFH PHDVXUHWLDE 25 ZDOODFH IXWXUH HYHQWV WHVWWLDE 25 ORQJ WHUP SHUVRQDO GLUHFWLRQ VFDOHWLDE 25 DFKLHYDELOLW\RIIXWXUHJRDOVVFDOHWLDE25WHPSRUDOIRFXVVFDOHWLDE25 IXWXUHZRUN DGM VDOLHQFHRUJRDO
(36)
(37) WLDE25FDUHHUSODQQLQJWLDE25IXWXUHFDUHHUWLDE 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(38) (GXFDWLRQGRPDLQ OHDUQ WLDE25HGXFDW WLDE25FODVVURRP WLDE25VFKRRO WLDE25FROOHJH WLDE25 XQLYHUVLW WLDE25VWXGHQWV 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(39) :RUNGRPDLQ FDUHHU WLDE 25 RFFXSDWLRQV 25 RFFXSDWLRQ WLDE 25 SHUVRQQHOWLDE 25 MRE WLDE 25 ZRUN WLDE25HPSOR\ WLDE25YRFDWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQ 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
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
(41) 0RWLYDWHGEHKDYLRU PRWLYDWLRQ25PRWLYDW WLDE25DFKLHYHPHQW25DFKLHYHPHQW WLDE25OHDUQ WLDE25 DFDGHPLF 25 VWXGHQW
(42) $'- HQJDJHPHQW
(43) WLDE 25 HIIRUWWLDE 25 DWWLWXGH WLDE 25 VFKRRO LQYHVWPHQWWLDE 25 DWWLWXGH WLDE 25 GHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ 25 GHFLVLRQ WLDE 25 160.
(44) Appendix A. FKRLFH WLDE 25 FDUHHU FKRLFH 25 RFFXSDWLRQDO DWWLWXGHV 25 FDUHHU PRELOLW\ 25 DVSLUDWLRQ WLDE25KHDOWKEHKDYLRU25DWWLWXGHWRKHDOWK25KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U WLDE25 PRWRUDFWLYLW\25SK\VLFDODFWLYLW WLDE25H[HUFLVH25IRRGKDELWV25HDWLQJWLDE25 VDIH VH[ 25 VDIH VH[WLDE 25 VH[XDO EHKDYLRU 25 VH[XDO EHKDYLR"UWLDE 25 GUXJ DEXVHWLDE 25 VXEVWDQFH DEXVHWLDE 25 ELQJH GULQNLQJ 25 DOFRKRO DEXVHWLDE 25 VPRNLQJFHVVDWLRQ25FKRLFHEHKDYLRU25WKHRU\RISODQQHGEHKDYLR"UWLDE 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(45) $1' 2525
(46) UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(47) $1' 2525
(48) 25 UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(49) (5,& (GXFDWLRQDO5HVRXUFHV,QIRUPDWLRQ&HQWHU 2YLG63
(50) )XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH IXWXUH DGM WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH
(51) WLDELG 25 IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW WLDELG 25 IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH WLDELG 25 IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQWLDELG 25 WLPH RULHQWDWLRQWLDELG 25 IXWXUH SODQQLQJWLDELG 25 WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUHWLDELG 25 ]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYHWLDELG25 H[SHULHQWLDOWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH$'- PHDVXUH25VFDOH
(52) WLDELG25 ZDOODFH PHDVXUHWLDELG 25 :DOODFH IXWXUH HYHQWV WHVWWLDELG 25 ORQJ WHUP SHUVRQDO GLUHFWLRQ VFDOHWLDELG 25 DFKLHYDELOLW\ RI IXWXUH JRDOV VFDOHWLDELG 25 WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOHWLDELG25 IXWXUHZRUN DGM VDOLHQFHRUJRDO
(53)
(54) WLDELG25FDUHHUSODQQLQJWLDELG 25IXWXUHFDUHHUWLDELG 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(55) (GXFDWLRQGRPDLQ OHDUQ WLDE 25 HGXFDW WLDE 25 FODVVURRP WLDE 25 PLGGOH VFKRRO VWXGHQWV 25 MXQLRU KLJK VFKRRO VWXGHQWV 25 KLJK VFKRRO VWXGHQWV 25 VFKRRO WLDE 25 VHFRQGDU\ HGXFDWLRQ 25 SRVWVHFRQGDU\ HGXFDWLRQ 25 KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ 25 XQGHUJUDGXDWH VWXG\ 25 XQGHUJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWV25JUDGXDWHVWXG\25JUDGXDWHVWXGHQWV25FROOHJHVWXGHQWV25 WZR\HDUFROOHJHVWXGHQWV25FROOHJH WLDE25DFDGHPLFDFKLHYHPHQW25XQLYHUVLW WLDE 25SRVWGRFWRUDOHGXFDWLRQ25YRFDWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQ 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(56) :RUNGRPDLQ FDUHHU GHYHORSPHQW 25 FDUHHU WLDE 25 RFFXSDWLRQV 25 FDUHHU FKRLFH 25 FDUHHU GHYHORSPHQW 25 RFFXSDWLRQ WLDE 25 SHUVRQQHOWLDE 25 MRE DSSOLFDQWV 25 MRE SHUIRUPDQFH25MRE WLDE25ZRUN WLDE25HPSOR\ WLDE25YRFDWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQ25 YRFDWLRQDOPDWXULW\ 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(57) +HDOWKGRPDLQ KHDOWKEHKDYLRU25KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U WLDE25SK\VLFDODFWLYLWLHV25SK\VLFDOKHDOWK25 SK\VLFDO DFWLYLW WLDE 25 HDWLQJ KDELWV 25 HDWLQJWLDE 25 IRRG 25 IRRG WLDE 25 161.
(58) Appendix A. IUXLW WLDE 25 YHJHWDEOH WLDE 25 GLHW WLDE 25 QXWULWLRQ 25 VH[XDOLW\ 25 VDIH VH[WLDE 25 VH[XDO KHDOWKWLDE 25 VH[XDO ULVNWLDE 25 VH[XDO EHKDYLR"UWLDE 25 GUXJ DEXVH 25 GUXJ DEXVHWLDE 25 VXEVWDQFH DEXVH 25 VXEVWDQFH DEXVHWLDE 25 DOFRKRO DEXVH 25 GULQNLQJ 25 DOFRKRO DEXVHWLDE 25 VPRNLQJ 25 WREDFFRWLDE 25 VPRNHU WLDE25VPRNLQJWLDE25PDULMXDQD25PDUL"XDQDWLDE 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(59) 0RWLYDWHGEHKDYLRU PRWLYDWLRQ25PRWLYDW WLDE25DFKLHYHPHQW25DFKLHYHPHQW WLDE25OHDUQ WLDE25 DFDGHPLF DFKLHYHPHQW 25 OHDUQHU HQJDJHPHQW 25 DFDGHPLF 25 VWXGHQW
(60) $'- HQJDJHPHQW
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
(62) $1' 2525
(63) $1' UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(64) %XVLQHVV6RXUFH3UHPLHU (%6&2 )XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH 7, ³IXWXUH´ 1 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH ´
(65) 25 ³IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH ´ 25 ³IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³WLPH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³IXWXUH SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUH´ 25 ³]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 25 ³H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 1 ³PHDVXUH´25³VFDOH´
(66) 25³ZDOODFH PHDVXUH´25³:DOODFH IXWXUHHYHQWVWHVW´25³ORQJ WHUP SHUVRQDO GLUHFWLRQVFDOH´ 25 ³DFKLHYDELOLW\ RI IXWXUH JRDOV VFDOH´ 25 ³WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOH´ 25 ³IXWXUH ZRUN ´ 1 ³VDOLHQFH´ 25 ³JRDO ´
(67)
(68) 25 ³FDUHHU SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FDUHHU´
(69) 25 $% ³IXWXUH´ 1 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH ´
(70) 25 ³IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH ´ 25 ³IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³WLPH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³IXWXUH SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUH´ 25 ³]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 25 ³H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 1 ³PHDVXUH´ 25 ³VFDOH´
(71) 25 ³ZDOODFH PHDVXUH´ 25 ³:DOODFH IXWXUH HYHQWVWHVW´25³ORQJWHUPSHUVRQDOGLUHFWLRQVFDOH´25³DFKLHYDELOLW\RIIXWXUHJRDOVVFDOH´ 25 ³WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOH´ 25 ³IXWXUH ZRUN ´ 1 ³VDOLHQFH´ 25 ³JRDO ´
(72)
(73) 25 ³FDUHHU SODQQLQJ´25³IXWXUHFDUHHU´
(74) 25.: ³IXWXUH´1³WLPHSHUVSHFWLYH ´
(75) 25³IXWXUHWLPH RULHQW ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH ´ 25 ³IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³WLPH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³IXWXUHSODQQLQJ´25³WLPHSHUVSHFWLYHTXHVWLRQQDLUH´25³]LPEDUGRWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH´25 ³H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 1 ³PHDVXUH´ 25 ³VFDOH´
(76) 25 ³ZDOODFH PHDVXUH´ 25 ³:DOODFH IXWXUHHYHQWVWHVW´25³ORQJWHUPSHUVRQDOGLUHFWLRQVFDOH´25³DFKLHYDELOLW\RI IXWXUH JRDOV VFDOH´ 25 ³WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOH´ 25 ³IXWXUH ZRUN ´ 1 ³VDOLHQFH´ 25 162.
(77) Appendix A. ³JRDO ´
(78)
(79) 25³FDUHHUSODQQLQJ´25³IXWXUHFDUHHU´
(80) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(81) 0RWLYDWHGEHKDYLRU '( ³HPSOR\HHPRWLYDWLRQ´25³RFFXSDWLRQDODFKLHYHPHQW´25HPSOR\HHVDWWLWXGHV25 ³GHFLVLRQPDNLQJ´25³FDUHHUGHYHORSPHQW´25³HPSOR\HUDWWLWXGHV´
(82) 257, ³PRWLYDW´25 ³DFKLHYHPHQW ´25³OHDUQ ´25³HIIRUW´25³DWWLWXGH ´25³GHFLVLRQ ´25³FKRLFH ´25 ³DVSLUDWLRQ ´25³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´25³SK\VLFDODFWLYLW ´25³HDWLQJ´25³VDIH VH[´ 25 ³VH[XDO EHKDYLR"U´ 25 ³GUXJ DEXVH´ 25 ³VXEVWDQFH DEXVH´ 25 ³DOFRKRO DEXVH´ 25 ³WKHRU\ RI SODQQHG EHKDYLR"U´
(83) 25 $% ³PRWLYDW´ 25 ³DFKLHYHPHQW ´ 25 ³OHDUQ ´ 25 ³HIIRUW´ 25 ³DWWLWXGH ´ 25 ³GHFLVLRQ ´ 25 ³FKRLFH ´ 25 ³DVSLUDWLRQ ´ 25 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´25³SK\VLFDODFWLYLW ´25³HDWLQJ´25³VDIH VH[´25³VH[XDOEHKDYLR"U´25 ³GUXJDEXVH´25³VXEVWDQFHDEXVH´25³DOFRKRODEXVH´25³WKHRU\RISODQQHGEHKDYLR"U´
(84) 25 .: ³PRWLYDW´ 25 ³DFKLHYHPHQW ´ 25 ³OHDUQ ´ 25 ³HIIRUW´ 25 ³DWWLWXGH ´ 25 ³GHFLVLRQ ´25³FKRLFH ´25³DVSLUDWLRQ ´25³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´25³SK\VLFDODFWLYLW ´ 25³HDWLQJ´25³VDIH VH[´25³VH[XDOEHKDYLR"U´25³GUXJDEXVH´25³VXEVWDQFHDEXVH´ 25³DOFRKRODEXVH´25³WKHRU\RISODQQHGEHKDYLR"U´
(85) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(86) $1' $XJXVW
(87) . :HERI6FLHQFH )XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH 76 ³IXWXUH´ 1($5 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH ´
(88) 25 ³IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH ´ 25 ³IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³WLPH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³IXWXUH SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUH´ 25 ³]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 25 ³H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´1($5 ³PHDVXUH´25³VFDOH´
(89)
(90) 25³ZDOODFH PHDVXUH´25³:DOODFH IXWXUH HYHQWVWHVW´25³ORQJWHUPSHUVRQDOGLUHFWLRQVFDOH´25³DFKLHYDELOLW\RIIXWXUHJRDOVVFDOH´ 25 ³WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOH´ 25 ³IXWXUH ZRUN ´ 1($5 ³VDOLHQFH´ 25 ³JRDO ´
(91)
(92) 25 ³FDUHHUSODQQLQJ´25³IXWXUHFDUHHU´
(93) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(94) (GXFDWLRQGRPDLQ 76 ³OHDUQ ´ 25 ³VFKRRO ´ 25 ³HGXFDW ´ 25 ³FODVVURRP ´ 25 ³FROOHJH ´ 25 ³XQLYHUVLW ´
(95) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(96) :RUNGRPDLQ 76 ³FDUHHU ´25³RFFXSDWLRQ ´25³SHUVRQQHO´25³MRE ´25³ZRUN ´25³HPSOR\ ´
(97) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(98) . 163.
(99) Appendix A. +HDOWKGRPDLQ 76 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´25³SK\VLFDODFWLYLW ´25³HDWLQJ´25³IRRG ´25³IUXLW ´25 ³YHJHWDEOH ´ 25 ³GLHW ´ 25 ³VDIH VH[´ 25 ³VH[XDO KHDOWK´ 25 ³VH[XDOULVN´ 25 ³VH[XDO EHKDYLR"U´ 25 ³GUXJ DEXVH´ 25 ³VXEVWDQFH DEXVH´ 25 ³WREDFFR´ 25 ³VPRNHU ´ 25 ³VPRNLQJ´25³PDUL"XDQD´
(100) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(101) 0RWLYDWHGEHKDYLRU 76 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´25³SK\VLFDODFWLYLW ´25³HDWLQJ´25³IRRG ´25³IUXLW ´25 ³YHJHWDEOH ´ 25 ³GLHW ´ 25 ³VDIH VH[´ 25 ³VH[XDO KHDOWK´ 25 ³VH[XDOULVN´ 25 ³VH[XDO EHKDYLR"U´ 25 ³GUXJ DEXVH´ 25 ³VXEVWDQFH DEXVH´ 25 ³DOFRKRO DEXVH´ 25 ³WREDFFR´ 25 ³VPRNHU ´25³VPRNLQJ´25³PDUL"XDQD´
(102) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(103) $1' 2525
(104) $1' UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(105) &,1$+/ &XPXODWLYH,QGH[WR1XUVLQJDQG$OOLHG+HDOWK/LWHUDWXUH (%6&2
(106) )XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH 7, ³IXWXUH´ 1 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH ´
(107) 25 ³IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH ´ 25 ³IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³WLPH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³IXWXUH SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUH´ 25 ³]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 25 ³H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 1 ³PHDVXUH´25³VFDOH´
(108) 25³ZDOODFH PHDVXUH´25³:DOODFH IXWXUHHYHQWVWHVW´25³ORQJ WHUP SHUVRQDO GLUHFWLRQVFDOH´ 25 ³DFKLHYDELOLW\ RI IXWXUH JRDOV VFDOH´ 25 ³WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOH´ 25 ³IXWXUH ZRUN ´ 1 ³VDOLHQFH´ 25 ³JRDO ´
(109)
(110) 25 ³FDUHHU SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FDUHHU´
(111) 25 $% ³IXWXUH´ 1 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH ´
(112) 25 ³IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH ´ 25 ³IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³WLPH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³IXWXUH SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUH´ 25 ³]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 25 ³H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 1 ³PHDVXUH´ 25 ³VFDOH´
(113) 25 ³ZDOODFH PHDVXUH´ 25 ³:DOODFH IXWXUH HYHQWVWHVW´25³ORQJWHUPSHUVRQDOGLUHFWLRQVFDOH´25³DFKLHYDELOLW\RIIXWXUHJRDOVVFDOH´ 25 ³WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOH´ 25 ³IXWXUH ZRUN ´ 1 ³VDOLHQFH´ 25 ³JRDO ´
(114)
(115) 25 ³FDUHHU SODQQLQJ´25³IXWXUHFDUHHU´
(116) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(117) 0RWLYDWHGEHKDYLRU 0+ ³0RWLYDWLRQ´25³DFKLHYHPHQW´25³DFDGHPLFDFKLHYHPHQW´25³6WXGHQW$WWLWXGHV´ 25 ³'HFLVLRQ 0DNLQJ´ 25 ³&DUHHU 3ODQQLQJ DQG 'HYHORSPHQW´ 25 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLRU´ 25 ³DWWLWXGHWRKHDOWK´25³SK\VLFDODFWLYLW\´25³DHURELFH[HUFLVHV´25³H[HUFLVH´25³HDWLQJ EHKDYLRU´ 25 ³IRRG KDELWV´ 25 ³IRRG LQWDNH´ 25 ³VDIH VH[´ 25 ³DOFRKRO DEXVH´ 25 ³VPRNLQJ FHVVDWLRQ´
(118) 25 7, ³PRWLYDW´ 25 ³DFKLHYHPHQW ´ 25 ³OHDUQ ´ 25 ³HIIRUW´ 25 ³DWWLWXGH ´ 25 ³GHFLVLRQ ´ 25 ³FKRLFH ´ 25 ³DVSLUDWLRQ ´ 25 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´ 25 ³SK\VLFDODFWLYLW ´25³HDWLQJ´25³VDIH VH[´25³VH[XDOEHKDYLR"U´25³GUXJDEXVH´25 164.
(119) Appendix A. ³VXEVWDQFHDEXVH´25³DOFRKRODEXVH´25³WKHRU\RISODQQHGEHKDYLR"U´
(120) 25$% ³PRWLYDW´ 25³DFKLHYHPHQW ´25³OHDUQ ´25³HIIRUW´25³DWWLWXGH ´25³GHFLVLRQ ´25³FKRLFH ´ 25 ³DVSLUDWLRQ ´ 25 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´ 25 ³SK\VLFDO DFWLYLW ´ 25 ³HDWLQJ´ 25 ³VDIH VH[´25³VH[XDOEHKDYLR"U´25³GUXJDEXVH´25³VXEVWDQFHDEXVH´25³DOFRKRODEXVH´25 ³WKHRU\RISODQQHGEHKDYLR"U´
(121) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(122) $1' . UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(123) . 63257'LVFXV (%6&2 )XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH 7, ³IXWXUH´ 1 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH ´
(124) 25 ³IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH ´ 25 ³IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³WLPH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³IXWXUH SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUH´ 25 ³]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 25 ³H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 1 ³PHDVXUH´25³VFDOH´
(125) 25³ZDOODFH PHDVXUH´25³:DOODFH IXWXUHHYHQWVWHVW´25³ORQJ WHUP SHUVRQDO GLUHFWLRQVFDOH´ 25 ³DFKLHYDELOLW\ RI IXWXUH JRDOV VFDOH´ 25 ³WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOH´ 25 ³IXWXUH ZRUN ´ 1 ³VDOLHQFH´ 25 ³JRDO ´
(126)
(127) 25 ³FDUHHU SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FDUHHU´
(128) 25 $% ³IXWXUH´ 1 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH ´
(129) 25 ³IXWXUH WLPH RULHQW ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH ´ 25 ³IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³WLPH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³IXWXUH SODQQLQJ´ 25 ³WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH TXHVWLRQQDLUH´ 25 ³]LPEDUGR WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 25 ³H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 1 ³PHDVXUH´ 25 ³VFDOH´
(130) 25 ³ZDOODFH PHDVXUH´ 25 ³:DOODFH IXWXUH HYHQWVWHVW´25³ORQJWHUPSHUVRQDOGLUHFWLRQVFDOH´25³DFKLHYDELOLW\RIIXWXUHJRDOVVFDOH´ 25 ³WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOH´ 25 ³IXWXUH ZRUN ´ 1 ³VDOLHQFH´ 25 ³JRDO ´
(131)
(132) 25 ³FDUHHU SODQQLQJ´25³IXWXUHFDUHHU´
(133) 25.: ³IXWXUH´1³WLPHSHUVSHFWLYH ´
(134) 25³IXWXUHWLPH RULHQW ´ 25 ³IXWXUH FRQVHTXHQFH ´ 25 ³IXWXUH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³WLPH RULHQWDWLRQ´ 25 ³IXWXUHSODQQLQJ´25³WLPHSHUVSHFWLYHTXHVWLRQQDLUH´25³]LPEDUGRWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH´25 ³H[SHULHQWLDO WLPH SHUVSHFWLYH´ 1 ³PHDVXUH´ 25 ³VFDOH´
(135) 25 ³ZDOODFH PHDVXUH´ 25 ³:DOODFH IXWXUHHYHQWVWHVW´25³ORQJWHUPSHUVRQDOGLUHFWLRQVFDOH´25³DFKLHYDELOLW\RI IXWXUH JRDOV VFDOH´ 25 ³WHPSRUDO IRFXV VFDOH´ 25 ³IXWXUH ZRUN ´ 1 ³VDOLHQFH´ 25 ³JRDO ´
(136)
(137) 25³FDUHHUSODQQLQJ´25³IXWXUHFDUHHU´
(138) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(139) 0RWLYDWHGEHKDYLRU '( PRWLYDWLRQ SV\FKRORJ\
(140) 25PRWLYDWLRQLQHGXFDWLRQ³25³DFKLHYHPHQWPRWLYDWLRQ´ 25 ³DFDGHPLF DFKLHYHPHQW´ 25 ³VWXGHQWV DWWLWXGHV´ 25 ³GHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ´ 25 ³FDUHHU GHYHORSPHQW´ 25 ³DWWLWXGH SV\FKRORJ\
(141) ´ 25 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLRU´ 25 ³KHDOWK DWWLWXGHV´ 25 ³SK\VLFDO DFWLYLW\´ 25 ³DHURELF H[HUFLVHV´ 25 ³H[HUFLVH´ 25 ³IRRG FRQVXPSWLRQ´ 25 ³VXEVWDQFH DEXVH´ 25 ³VPRNLQJ FHVVDWLRQ´
(142) 25 7, ³PRWLYDW´ 25 ³DFKLHYHPHQW ´ 25 ³OHDUQ ´ 25 ³HIIRUW´ 25 ³DWWLWXGH ´ 25 ³GHFLVLRQ ´ 25 ³FKRLFH ´ 25 ³DVSLUDWLRQ ´ 25 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´ 25 ³SK\VLFDO DFWLYLW ´ 25 ³HDWLQJ´ 25 ³VDIH VH[´ 25 ³VH[XDO EHKDYLR"U´ 25 ³GUXJ DEXVH´ 25 ³VXEVWDQFH DEXVH´ 25 ³DOFRKRO DEXVH´ 25 ³WKHRU\ RI SODQQHG EHKDYLR"U´
(143) 25 $% ³PRWLYDW´ 25 ³DFKLHYHPHQW ´ 25 ³OHDUQ ´ 25 ³HIIRUW´ 25 165.
(144) Appendix A. ³DWWLWXGH ´ 25 ³GHFLVLRQ ´ 25 ³FKRLFH ´ 25 ³DVSLUDWLRQ ´ 25 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´ 25 ³SK\VLFDODFWLYLW ´25³HDWLQJ´25³VDIH VH[´25³VH[XDOEHKDYLR"U´25³GUXJDEXVH´25 ³VXEVWDQFH DEXVH´ 25 ³DOFRKRO DEXVH´ 25 ³WKHRU\ RI SODQQHG EHKDYLR"U´
(145) 25 .: ³PRWLYDW´25³DFKLHYHPHQW ´25³OHDUQ ´25³HIIRUW´25³DWWLWXGH ´25³GHFLVLRQ ´25 ³FKRLFH ´ 25 ³DVSLUDWLRQ ´ 25 ³KHDOWK EHKDYLR"U ´ 25 ³SK\VLFDO DFWLYLW ´ 25 ³HDWLQJ´ 25³VDIH VH[´25³VH[XDOEHKDYLR"U´25³GUXJDEXVH´25³VXEVWDQFHDEXVH´25³DOFRKRO DEXVH´25³WKHRU\RISODQQHGEHKDYLR"U´
(146) 5HVXOWV $XJXVW
(147) $1' . UHVXOWV $XJXVW
(148) . 6WXGLHVIURPWKH'LVVHUWDWLRQ$EVWUDFW,QWHUQDWLRQDO IRXQGE\WKHGDWDEDVHVV\QWD[HV
(149) 7ZRVWXGLHV. 166.
(150) Appendix B. $33(1',;% &RGLQJPDQXDO 0RWLYDWLRQDOSRZHURI)XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYH 0HWDDQDO\VHVLQ HGXFDWLRQZRUNDQGKHDOWK 3OHDVH FRGH HDFK VWXG\ FDUHIXOO\ LQ WKH DFFRPSDQ\LQJ H[FHO VKHHW EDVHG RQ WKH RXWOLQHG GLPHQVLRQV5HIHUWRWKHFRGHDQGLWVGHVFULSWLRQ(DFKURZLQWKHH[FHOVKHHWUHSUHVHQWVDQ LQGHSHQGHQWVWXG\$GGH[WUDURZVWRWKHH[FHOVKHHWZKHQQHHGHG LHLIWKHVWXG\KDVPRUH WKDQRQHRXWFRPHW\SHGLIIHUHQWVXEVDPSOHVRIDVWXG\PRUHWKDQRQHPHDVXUHPHQWSRLQW
(151) 'LPHQVLRQ 6WXG\,' :KDWLVWKHVWXG\¶V LGHQWLILFDWLRQQXPEHU". $XWKRUV :KDWLVDXWKRU¶VVXUQDPH DQGQDPH". &RGH $VVLJQDXQLTXHLGHQWLILFDWLRQQXPEHUIRUHDFKVWXG\E\IROORZLQJ WKHPDLQ,'RIWKHVWXG\IURPWKHVXSSOHPHQWDU\ZRUGGRFXPHQW ³,'QXPEHUVDQG5HIHUHQFHVRIFRGLQJVWXGLHV´ ,QFDVHZKHUHWKHSDSHUFRQVLVWVRIPRUHWKDQRQHLQGHSHQGHQWVWXG\ LHFRQVLVWVRIGLIIHUHQWVDPSOHV
(152) FRGHHDFKVWXG\VHSDUDWHO\$GG DOHWWHUIRUWKHVHGLIIHUHQWVDPSOHV HJ$%
(153) ,QFDVHWKHVDPH VDPSOHZDVXVHGFRGHRQO\WKHVWXG\ZLWKWKHELJJHUVDPSOHVL]H DQGVXIILFLHQWLQIRUPDWLRQIRUFRGLQJ,IDVWXG\KDVPRUHWKDQRQH PHDVXUHPHQWSRLQWDVVLJQWRWKH6WXG\,'WKHQXPEHURIWKH PHDVXUHPHQWSRLQW HJB7B7
(154) ,QFDVHRIVXEVDPSOHV HJ UHVXOWVIRUPDOHVDQGIHPDOHVVHSDUDWHO\
(155) FRGHHDFKVXEJURXSZLWK DQDSSURSULDWHOHWWHUIRUDJHQGHU 0 PDOHV) IHPDOHV HJ B0 B)
(156) (QWHUHDFKDXWKRU¶VVXUQDPHDQGILUVWOHWWHURIKLVKHUQDPH HJ $GDPV- 1HWWOH'
(157) . 6WXG\\HDU :KDWLVWKHSXEOLFDWLRQ\HDU RIWKHVWXG\" 3XEOLFDWLRQVWDWXV :DVWKHVWXG\SXEOLVKHGRU XQSXEOLVKHG". (QWHUWKHSXEOLFDWLRQ\HDU,QFDVHWKHVWXG\LVRQO\RQOLQHSXEOLVKHG HQWHUWKHRQOLQHSXEOLFDWLRQ\HDU. 3XEOLFDWLRQW\SH :KDWLVWKHW\SHRIWKH SXEOLFDWLRQ". -RXUQDO %RRNFKDSWHU 0DVWHU'RFWRUDOGLVVHUWDWLRQ 2WKHU VSHFLI\
(158) &DQ¶WWHOO &URVVVHFWLRQDO /RQJLWXGLQDO 2WKHUVSHFLI\ &RGHWKHOLIHGRPDLQRIWKH)73DQGRXWFRPHUHODWLRQVKLS /HDUQLQJ :RUN. 6WXG\GHVLJQ ,VWKHVWXG\FURVVVHFWLRQDO RUORQJLWXGLQDO" /LIHGRPDLQ :KDWLVWKHOLIHGRPDLQRI WKH)73VFDOHDQGRXWFRPH. 3XEOLVKHGVWXG\ 8QSXEOLVKHGVWXG\. 167.
(159) Appendix B. UHODWLRQVKLS". +HDOWK 0L[HGOLIHGRPDLQ VSHFLI\
(160) &DQ¶WWHOO )RUH[DPSOHWKH)73DQGDFDGHPLFDFKLHYHPHQWUHODWLRQVKLSZRXOG EHFRGHGDVQXPEHUDVLWUHSUHVHQWVWKHHGXFDWLRQOLIHGRPDLQ. )73PHDVXUHQDPH. 3OHDVHQRWHWKDWWKHUHODWLRQVKLSVKRXOGEHORQJVROHO\WRRQHRIWKH WKUHHVSHFLILHGOLIHGRPDLQVRUWKHLUPL[WXUH HJHGXFDWLRQDQG ZRUN
(161) )RUWKHSXUSRVHRIWKLVPHWDDQDO\VLVWKHDXWKRUVKDYHHVWDEOLVKHGD FOHDUGHILQLWLRQRIWKH)73,WLVGHILQHGDVDQDWWLWXGHWKDW HQFRPSDVVHVSHUVRQDOFRJQLWLRQVIHHOLQJVDQGEHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQV ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHIXWXUH&RJQLWLRQVUHODWHWRWKRXJKWVDERXWIXWXUH RXWFRPHVDQGJRDOVWKDWDUHYDOXHGDQGLQVWUXPHQWDOIRUFXUUHQW GHFLVLRQPDNLQJDQGEHKDYLRUV HJJRDOSODQQLQJDQGVWULYLQJ
(162) )HHOLQJVFRUUHVSRQGWRWKHHPRWLRQV HJKRSHDQGIHDU
(163) WKDWDUH DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIXWXUHDQGEHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQVUHODWHWR LQGLYLGXDO¶VSODQVWRHQJDJHLQEHKDYLRUVLQRUGHUWRUHDOL]HIXWXUH JRDOV ,QWKLVPHWDDQDO\VLVZHRQO\XVHWKH)73VHOIUHSRUWHG TXHVWLRQQDLUHVDVEHLQJWKHPRVWGRPLQDQWVRXUFHRIPHDVXUHPHQW DQGDVRQO\LQGLYLGXDOVWKHPVHOYHVDUHDEOHWRUHSRUWZKHWKHUWKH\ UHIOHFWRQWKHIXWXUH &RGHWKH)73PHDVXUHVZKLFKDUHLQWKHOLQHZLWKWKH DIRUHPHQWLRQHGGHILQLWLRQ7\SHWKH)73PHDVXUHQDPHDXWKRUDQG \HDU HJ)XWXUHVFDOHRI=73, =LPEDUGR %R\G &)&6 6WUDWKPDQHWDO )XWXUHIRFXVVFDOHRI7HPSRUDOIRFXVVFDOH 6KLSSHWDO
(164) &DUHIXOO\UHDGWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHPHDVXUH DQGPDNHDQRWHLIWKHUHZHUHVRPHFKDQJHVLQWKHFXUUHQWVWXG\ UHJDUGLQJWKHPHDVXUH HJWKHVWXG\KDVXVHGDQDGDSWHGYHUVLRQRI WKHVFDOHWKUHHLWHPVDUHPLVVLQJWKHUHLVDQH[WUDLWHPHWF
(165) ,QFDVHZKHUHWKHVWXG\FRQVLVWVRIWZRRUPRUH)73PHDVXUHV HJ =LPEDUGR¶VDQG&)&6VFDOH
(166) XVHWKHRQHZLWKWKHKLJKHUUHOLDELOLW\ UHSRUWHGLQWKDWVWXG\ /LSVH\ :LOVRQ
(167) . 1XPEHURILWHPVLQWKH 168. 1RWHWKDWFHUWDLQ)73VFDOHVDQGVXEVFDOHVDUHH[FOXGHGIURPWKH PHWDDQDO\VLVDVWKH\DUHUHODWHGWRRWKHUFRQVWUXFWV HJKRSH HFRQRPLFPDUNHUV
(168) RUE\KDYLQJDQRSHUDWLRQDOL]DWLRQWKDWGRHVQRW ILWWKH)73GHILQLWLRQRIWKLVPHWDDQDO\VLV7KHVH)73VFDOHVDQG VXEVFDOHVDUH 'HOD\GLVFRXQWUDWH0D]XU )XWXUH7LPH 3HUVSHFWLYH6FDOH&DUVWHQVHQ /DQJ 7HPSRUDO GHSWKVFDOH%OXHGRUQ 6SHHGDQG'LVWDQFH ([WHQVLRQ
(169) VXEVFDOH+XVPDQ 6KHOO
(170) +RSHVFDOH6Q\GHUHWDO )XWXUHZRUNVHOIVDOLHQFH .LQJ 3DWWHUVRQDGDSWHGE\ 6WUDXVVV*ULIILQ 3DUNHU
(171) 3UHVHQW7LPH9DOXHDQG7LPH 3UHVVXUHVXEVFDOHVIURPWKH)XWXUHSUHVHQWWLPHRULHQWDWLRQ TXHVWLRQQDLUH %MRUJYLQVVRQ
(172) &RGHWKHQXPEHURILWHPVLQWKH)73VFDOH .
(173) Appendix B. )73VFDOHVXEVFDOHXVHG :KDWLVWKHQXPEHURIWKH LWHPVLQWKH)73VFDOH". )73FRQVWUXFWW\SH :KLFK)73FRPSRQHQWLV GRPLQDQWLQWKH VFDOHVXEVFDOH". 2QHWRWKUHHLWHPV )RXUWRWHQ (OHYHQDQGPRUH 3OHDVHEHFDUHIXOZKHQWKHUHDUHVHSDUDWHFRUUHODWLRQVSHU)73 VXEVFDOHDQGWKHRXWFRPHRILQWHUHVW,QWKDWFDVHSOHDVHFRXQWWKH QXPEHURILWHPVSHUHDFK)73VXEVFDOHUHVSHFWLYHO\ 6LPLODUO\WR3HHWVPD¶V
(174) GLVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQWKUHH)73 FRPSRQHQWV LHFRJQLWLYHDIIHFWLYHDQGEHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQ
(175) ZH JURXS)73VFDOHVEDVHGRQWKH)73FRPSRQHQWGRPLQDQFH LIPRUH WKDQRILWHPVEHORQJWRRQHFRPSRQHQW
(176) RUPL[WXUHRI FRPSRQHQWV LIPRUHWKDQDUHUHODWHGWRGLIIHUHQWFRPSRQHQWV
(177) LQWRRQHRIWKHIRXUFRQVWUXFWW\SHV 1. &RJQLWLRQ ,QFOXGHLWHPVDERXWDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VLGHDVDQG H[SHFWDWLRQVDERXWWKHIXWXUH)RUH[DPSOH³,WKLQNDERXW ZKDWP\IXWXUHKDVLQVWRUH´ ³,LPDJLQHZKDWWRPRUURZZLOO EULQJIRUPH´ 2. &RJQLWLRQDQGEHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQ ,QFOXGHLWHPVDERXWDQ LQGLYLGXDO¶VIXWXUHJRDOVDQGZD\VWRDFFRPSOLVKWKHVHJRDOV SODQQLQJVHWWLQJDQGVHOIFRQWURO
(178) )RUH[DPSOH³:KHQ, ZDQWWRJHWVRPHWKLQJGRQH,PDNHVWHSE\VWHSSODQVDQG WKLQNDERXWKRZWRFRPSOHWHHDFKVWHS´ ³,FRQVLGHUKRZ WKLQJVPLJKWEHLQWKHIXWXUHDQGWU\WRLQIOXHQFHWKRVHWKLQJV ZLWKP\GD\WRGD\EHKDYLRU´ 3. &RJQLWLRQDQGDIIHFW ,QFOXGHLWHPVWKDWIRFXVRQWKHDIIHFWLYH WRQHRIIXWXUHFRJQLWLRQVWKDWLVHPRWLRQVWKDWDUHDVVRFLDWHG ZLWKIXWXUHJRDOV KRSHZRUU\IHDU
(179) ³,IWKLQJVGRQ¶WJHW GRQHRQWLPH,GRQ¶WZRUU\DERXWLW´ ³:KHQ,WKLQNDERXW WKHIXWXUH,IHHOKDSS\´ 4. 0L[WXUHRIFRJQLWLRQEHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQDQGDIIHFW ,QFOXGH LWHPVWKDWFRPELQHFRJQLWLRQDIIHFWDQGLQWHQWLRQVZLWK UHJDUGWRWKHIXWXUH)RUH[DPSOH³,OLNHWRWKLQNRI WKHZD\ ,ZLOOEHDEOHWRGHYHORSP\SRVVLELOLWLHV FDSDFLWLHVWDOHQWV
(180) DIWHU VFKRRO´ ³,DPZLOOLQJWRVDFULILFHP\LPPHGLDWH KDSSLQHVVRUZHOOEHLQJLQRUGHUWRDFKLHYHIXWXUH RXWFRPHV´ )RUH[DPSOHWREHFRGHGDVD)73VFDOHW\SHDERXWRIWKH LWHPVKDYHWRUHODWHWRFRJQLWLYHDQGEHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQFRPSRQHQW RI)73. $FFRUGLQJO\FRGH &RJQLWLRQ &RJQLWLRQDQGEHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQ &RJQLWLRQDQGDIIHFW 0L[WXUHRIFRJQLWLRQEHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQDQGDIIHFW )73IRFXV &RGHLVWKH)73PHDVXUHUHIHUULQJWRDJHQHUDO LHQRVSHFLILFDWLRQ ,VWKH)73PHDVXUHUHIHUULQJ WRDFHUWDLQOLIHGRPDLQ
(181) RUDVSHFLILFOLIHGRPDLQ 'RPDLQJHQHUDO WRDJHQHUDO LHQR VSHFLILFDWLRQWRDFHUWDLQOLIH 'RPDLQVSHFLILF GRPDLQ
(182) RUDVSHFLILFOLIH &DQ¶WWHOO 169.
(183) Appendix B. GRPDLQ" )73VFDOHVXEVFDOH QXPEHU :KDWLVWKHQXPEHURI)73 VFDOHV". )73YDOXH ,VWKH)73PHDVXUH FRQVLVWLQJRIDVHSDUDWH SRVLWLYHDQGQHJDWLYH VXEVFDOH LH)XWXUH SRVLWLYHDQG)XWXUH QHJDWLYH
(184) " 2XWFRPHQDPH :KDWLVWKH RXWFRPHGHSHQGHQW YDULDEOH" 2XWFRPHPHDVXUH GHVFULSWLRQ 2XWFRPHW\SH :KDWLVWKHRXWFRPHW\SH EDVHGRQWKH7KHRU\RI SODQQHGEHKDYLRU 73% $M]HQ
(185) ". 170. 2IKRZPDQ\VHSDUDWHVFDOHVVXEVFDOHVLVWKH)73PHDVXUH FRQVLVWLQJRI 2QH 7ZR VSHFLI\
(186) 7KUHH VSHFLI\
(187) )RXURUPRUH (QWHURQO\WKHQXPEHURIVFDOHVVXEVFDOHVWKDWDUHLQFOXGHGLQWKH PHWDDQDO\VLV <HV 1R &DQ¶WWHOO ,IWKHDQVZHULV<HVSOHDVHSD\DWWHQWLRQWRFRGHWKHLUERWKHIIHFW VL]HV 7\SHLQWKHSUHFLVHRXWFRPHQDPHIURPWKHVWXG\. :ULWHLQWKHQDPHRIWKHPHDVXUHWKHDXWKRU¶VQDPHDQGWKHGDWH :ULWHDFRQFLVHGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHRXWFRPHYDULDEOHZLWKDQLWHP H[DPSOH (DFKRXWFRPHGHSHQGHQWYDULDEOHRIWKHVWXG\LVWREHFRGHGEDVHG RQWKH73% $M]HQ
(188) $FFRUGLQJWRWKH73%KXPDQEHKDYLRUV DUHJXLGHGE\DWWLWXGHVWRZDUGWKHEHKDYLRUQRUPDWLYHEHOLHIV FRQWUROEHOLHIVDQGLQWHQWLRQ )LVKEHLQ $M]HQ
(189) )LJXUH EHORZLPSOLHVDFDXVDOOLQNEHWZHHQDWWLWXGHVDQGEHKDYLRUVWKDWDUH PHGLDWHGE\LQWHQWLRQV$VWKHUHZHUHQRRXWFRPHVRQWKHQRUPDWLYH EHOLHIVZHH[FOXGHWKHPIURPRXUFRGLQJ$OVRDVZLWKLQWKH RXWFRPHVZHQRWLFHGDGLVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQEHKDYLRUWKDWLVQRW SRVVLEOHWREHYHULILHGDQGEHKDYLRUWKDWLVUHFRUGHGRUUHSRUWHGEXW SRWHQWLDOO\YHULILDEOHZHFRGHGWKHVHWZRVHSDUDWHO\ %HKDYLRU QRQ YHULILDEOH
(190) DQG%HKDYLRU YHULILDEOH
(191) .
(192) Appendix B. )LJXUH2XWFRPHW\SHVEDVHGRQWKHDGDSWHG73% $M]HQ
(193) $WWLWXGHWRZDUGEHKDYLRU $QLQGLYLGXDO¶VSRVLWLYHRUQHJDWLYHHYDOXDWLRQRIVHOISHUIRUPDQFH RIWKHSDUWLFXODUEHKDYLRU7KHFRQFHSWLVWKHGHJUHHWRZKLFK SHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHEHKDYLRULVSRVLWLYHO\RUQHJDWLYHO\YDOXHG,WLV GHWHUPLQHGE\WKHWRWDOVHWRIDFFHVVLEOHEHKDYLRUDOEHOLHIVOLQNLQJ WKHEHKDYLRUWRYDULRXVRXWFRPHVDQGRWKHUDWWULEXWHV,QJHQHUDOWKH PRUHIDYRUDEOHWKHDWWLWXGHWRZDUGVWKHEHKDYLRUWKHVWURQJHUVKRXOG EHWKHLQGLYLGXDO¶VLQWHQWLRQWRSHUIRUPLW)RUH[DPSOH µµ%HLQJ SK\VLFDOO\DFWLYHZRXOGEH¶¶RQDSRLQWVFDOHRIXVHIXOWR XVHOHVVEHQHILFLDOWRKDUPIXOGHVLUDEOHWRXQGHVLUDEOHJRRGWREDG HQMR\DEOHWRXQHQMR\DEOHDQGLQWHUHVWLQJWRERULQJ¶¶ *XOOH\
(194) 3HUFHLYHGEHKDYLRUDOFRQWURO $QLQGLYLGXDO¶VSHUFHLYHGHDVHRUGLIILFXOW\RISHUIRUPLQJWKH SDUWLFXODUEHKDYLRU $M]HQ
(195) 7KDWLVSHRSOH VSHUFHSWLRQVRI WKHLUDELOLW\WRSHUIRUPDJLYHQEHKDYLRU)RUH[DPSOH µµ,I,ZDQWHG WR,FRXOGHDVLO\EHSK\VLFDOO\DFWLYHRQDUHJXODUEDVLV¶¶ UHODWHGWR FRQWUROOHGEHOLHI µµ,EHOLHYHWKDW,KDYHWKHDELOLW\WREHSK\VLFDOO\ DFWLYHRQDUHJXODUEDVLV¶¶*XOOH\
(196) &RQWUROEHOLHIRU SHUFHLYHGEHKDYLRUDOFRQWURO 3%&
(197) LQFOXGHVLQGLYLGXDOV¶EHOLHIVLQ WKHLUDELOLWLHV VHOIHIILFDF\
(198) IRUFHUWDLQEHKDYLRUDQGWKHLU SHUFHSWLRQVDERXWZKHWKHURUQRWWKH\ZLOOKDYHWKHRSSRUWXQLW\DQG UHVRXUFHVWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKDWEHKDYLRU )LVKEHLQ $M]HQ
(199) %HKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQ $QLQGLFDWLRQRIDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VUHDGLQHVVWRSHUIRUPDJLYHQ EHKDYLRU,WLVDVVXPHGWREHDQLPPHGLDWHDQWHFHGHQWRIEHKDYLRU $M]HQ
(200) ,WLVEDVHGRQDWWLWXGHWRZDUGWKHEHKDYLRUVXEMHFWLYH QRUPDQGSHUFHLYHGEHKDYLRUDOFRQWUROZLWKHDFKSUHGLFWRUZHLJKWHG IRULWVLPSRUWDQFHLQUHODWLRQWRWKHEHKDYLRUDQGSRSXODWLRQRI LQWHUHVW,QWHQWLRQVDUHDVVXPHGWRFDSWXUHWKHPRWLYDWLRQDOIDFWRUV WKDWLQIOXHQFHDEHKDYLRUDQGWRLQGLFDWHKRZKDUGSHRSOHDUHZLOOLQJ WRWU\RUKRZPXFKHIIRUWWKH\ZRXOGH[HUWWRSHUIRUPWKHEHKDYLRU $M]HQ S
(201) )RULQVWDQFH µ¶,LQWHQGWRHDWKHDOWK\¶¶ 171.
(202) Appendix B. *XOOH\ %HKDYLRU XQYHULILDEOH
(203) ,WLVWKHPDQLIHVWDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VREVHUYDEOHUHVSRQVHLQDJLYHQ VLWXDWLRQZLWKUHVSHFWWRDJLYHQWDUJHW,WLVDUHSRUWHGEHKDYLRUWKDW FDQQRWEHYHULILDEOH)RUH[DPSOH µµ'R\RXSDUWLFLSDWHLQDVFKRRO VSRQVRUHGVSRUW V
(204) "¶¶ *XOOH\ . ,PDNHP\VXSHUYLVRUDZDUHRI P\ZRUNDVSLUDWLRQVDQGJRDOV. . +DYH\RXHYHUVPRNHGFLJDUHWWHV". . +DYH\RXHYHUGUXQNDOFRKRO EHHUZLQHRUOLTXRU
(205). %HKDYLRU YHULILDEOH
(206) $QLQGLYLGXDO¶VUHFRUGHGEHKDYLRURULIUHSRUWHGSRVVLEOHWREH YHULILDEOH)RUH[DPSOH*UDGHSRLQWDYHUDJHZRUNLQJKRXUVDV UHFRUGHGRUHDVLO\YHULILDEOHZKHQVHOIUHSRUWHGERG\PDVVLQGH[. &XOWXUDOGLPHQVLRQ. $FFRUGLQJO\FRGH $WWLWXGHWRZDUGEHKDYLRU 3HUFHLYHGEHKDYLRUDOFRQWURO %HKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQ %HKDYLRU XQYHULILDEOH
(207) %HKDYLRU YHULILDEOH
(208) &RGHHDFKFXOWXUHEDVHGRQWKH+RIVWHGH¶VFXOWXUDOGLPHQVLRQVFRUH DYDLODEOHYLDWKHZHEVLWH KWWSV ZZZKRIVWHGH. ,QFDVHWKHVWXG\FRQVLVWVRIVDPSOHVIURPGLIIHUHQWFRXQWULHVFRGH GDWDIRUHDFKFRXQWU\VHSDUDWHO\ LISRVVLEOH
(209) 6DPSOHDJH PHDQ
(210) 6SHFLI\WKHPHDQDJHRIWKHVDPSOH :KDWLVWKHPHDQDJHRIWKH ,IPHDQDJHFDQQRWEHGHWHUPLQHGHQWHU VDPSOH" 6WDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQ 6'
(211) :ULWHGRZQWKH6'RIWKHVDPSOHDJH PHDQ
(212) :KDWLVWKHVWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQRIWKHVDPSOHDJH :ULWH LIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLVPLVVLQJ PHDQ
(213) " 6DPSOHDJHJURXS &RGHVDPSOHDJHJURXSVLPLODUO\WRWKH(ULNVRQ¶VVWDJHVRI :KDWLVWKHDJHJURXSEDVHG SV\FKRVRFLDOGHYHORSPHQW:HH[FOXGHGWKHILUVWWKUHHDJHJURXSV RQWKH(ULNVRQ¶V
(214) LHLQIDQF\ HDUO\FKLOGKRRG SUHVFKRRO
(215) DVWKH)73LVEHLQJ VWDJHVRISV\FKRVRFLDO GHYHORSHGIURPDERXW\HDUVRQZDUGV EHIRUHWKLVSHULRGWKHUH LVIDQWDV\
(216) $OVRZHDGGHGRQHDJHJURXS 2OGHUDGROHVFHQFH
(217) GHYHORSPHQW" $FFRUGLQJO\FRGH 6FKRRODJH ±\HDUV
(218) $GROHVFHQFH ±\HDUV
(219) 2OGHUDGROHVFHQFH ±\HDUV
(220) <RXQJDGXOWKRRG ±\HDUV
(221) 0LGGOHDGXOWKRRG ±\HDUV
(222) 0DWXULW\ \HDUVRQZDUGV
(223) 0LVVLQJ *HQGHU 3UHGRPLQDQWJHQGHURIWKH VDPSOH (GXFDWLRQOHYHORIWKH 172. (QWHUWKHSHUFHQWDJHRIPDOHV 8VHWKHH[FHOVKHHWPDGHIRUWKHSHUFHQWDJHFDOFXODWLRQ (QWHU LIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLVPLVVLQJ 6HFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQ J\PQDVLXPRWKHU
(224) ZULWHGRZQWKH.
(225) Appendix B. VDPSOH :KDWLVWKHHGXFDWLRQOHYHO RIWKHVDPSOH" 6DPSOHVL]H 1
(226) :KDWLVWKHVDPSOHVL]H XVHGLQWKHDQDO\VLV". (IIHFWVL]H (6
(227). 3DJHQXPEHU(6 :KDWLVWKHSDJHQXPEHU ZKHUHWKHGDWDIRUWKH(6 FDQEHIRXQG" (IIHFWVL]HW\SH :KDWLVWKH(6W\SH" &RPPHQW. SHUFHQWDJHLISRVVLEOH 8QLYHUVLW\ %DFKHORUPDVWHU
(228) ZULWHGRZQWKHSHUFHQWDJHLI SRVVLEOH ,IWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLVPLVVLQJHQWHU (QWHUWKHSUHFLVHVDPSOHVL]HXVHGLQWKHDQDO\VLV (QWHU LIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLVPLVVLQJ 3OHDVHQRWHWKDWLQFDVHRIORQJLWXGLQDOVWXGLHVWKHUHLVDQDWXUDO DWWULWLRQRIWKHVDPSOHVL]HDWODWHUWLPHSRLQWV7KXVZULWHWKH VDPSOHVL]HDWDOOPHDVXUHV 7KH3HDUVRQSURGXFWPRPHQWFRUUHODWLRQFRHIILFLHQW U
(229) LVWREHXVHG DVWKHHIIHFWVL]HLQGH[IRUWKLVPHWDDQDO\VLVULVDPHDVXUHRIWKH FRUUHODWLRQ UHODWLRQVKLS
(230) EHWZHHQWKHREVHUYHGYDOXHRIWKH)73DQG WKHYDOXHRIWKHRXWFRPHYDULDEOH)RUH[DPSOHWKHVWUHQJWKRIWKH UHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQ)73DQGMREVDWLVIDFWLRQLVU 3OHDVHQRWH WKDWLQWKHFDVHRIDUHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLVZKHQWKHUHLVRQHSUHGLFWRU YDULDEOHLQWKHPRGHOWKHQWKHVWDQGDUGL]HGUHJUHVVLRQFRHIILFLHQW %HWDLVHTXLYDOHQWWRWKHFRUUHODWLRQFRHIILFLHQW U
(231) EHWZHHQWKH SUHGLFWRUDQGWKHFULWHULRQYDULDEOH ELYDULDWHDQDO\VLV
(232) +RZHYHU ZKHQWKHUHLVPRUHWKDQRQHSUHGLFWRUYDULDEOH PXOWLYDULDWH UHJUHVVLRQ
(233) LWLVQRWSRVVLEOHWRFRPSDUHWKHFRQWULEXWLRQRIHDFK SUHGLFWRUYDULDEOHE\VLPSO\FRPSDULQJWKHFRUUHODWLRQFRHIILFLHQWV 7KXVEHFDUHIXODQGGRQRWLQFOXGHWKHVHSDUWLDOFRUUHODWLRQV HJ ZKHQLQWKHPRGHOLWLVFRQWUROOHGIRU6(6RURWKHUYDULDEOHVPRUH SUHGLFWRUVLQWKHPRGHO
(234) 2QO\LQFOXGHWKHFRUUHODWLRQFRHIILFLHQWRU WKHELYDULDWHEHWDFRHIILFLHQWZKHQLWZDVQRWFRQWUROOHGIRURWKHU YDULDEOHVLQWKHPRGHO ,IWKHVWXG\KDV(6IRUVXEJURXSV HJPDOHVDQGIHPDOHVGLIIHUHQW HWKQLFLW\ VFKRROOHYHOGLIIHUHQWFRXQWU\
(235) FRGHWKHPVHSDUDWHO\'R QRWDYHUDJH,IWKHVWXG\KDVDORQJLWXGLQDOGHVLJQXVHWKH(6IURPDOO WKHPHDVXUHPHQWVSRLQWV,QFDVHWKH)73PHDVXUHFRQVLVWVRI LPPHGLDWHVKRUWWHUP)73VXEVFDOH LPPHGLDWH
(236) DQGORQJWHUP)73 IXWXUH
(237) VXEVFDOHXVHWKH(6UHODWHGWRWKHORQJWHUP)73VXEVFDOH :KHQWKH)73PHDVXUHFRQVLVWVRISRVLWLYHDQGQHJDWLYHVXEVFDOH XVHWKH(6UHODWHGIURPERWKWKHSRVLWLYHDQGQHJDWLYH)73VXEVFDOH (QWHUWKHSDJHQXPEHUZKHUHWKH(6ZDVIRXQG. (QWHUWKHHIIHFWVL]HW\SH HJ3HDUVRQFRUUHODWLRQELYDULDWHEHWD FRHIILFLHQWRGGVUDWLR
(238) 3OHDVHPDNHDQRWHLI\RXHQFRXQWHUDQ\GLIILFXOW\RUDSDUWLFXODU LVVXHUHJDUGLQJWKHFRGLQJ5HIHUSUHFLVHO\WRWKHGLPHQVLRQ¶V QXPEHUWRZKLFKWKHFRPPHQWLVUHIHUULQJWR7KHVHFRPPHQWVZLOO KHOSWRJDLQDEHWWHULQVLJKWLQWKHFRGLQJSURFHVV $OOLWHPVSUHVHQFHLQWKH &RGHLVLWSRVVLEOHWRVHHDOOWKHLWHPVIURPWKH)73PHDVXUH VWXG\ ,QFDVHLWLVQRWSRVVLEOHWRVHHDOOWKHLWHPVILUVWZHZLOOWU\WRDVN WKHFRPSOHWHPHDVXUHIURPWKHDXWKRU,QFDVHWKLVLVQRWSRVVLEOH ,VLWSRVVLEOHWRVHHDOOWKH 173.
(239) Appendix B. LWHPVIURPWKH)73 PHDVXUH". 6DPSOHFKDUDFWHULVWLF :KDWLVWKHVDPSOH FKDUDFWHULVWLF". 174. FRQWLQXHFRGLQJWKHPHDVXUHRSHUDWLRQDOLVDWLRQEDVHGRQWKHLWHPV SURYLGHGLQWKHVWXG\ ,VHHDOOWKHLWHPV ,GRQ¶WVHHDOOWKHLWHPV &RGHWKHVDPSOHFKDUDFWHULVWLF *HQHUDOSRSXODWLRQ $FDGHPLFDOO\JLIWHG +RPHOHVVSHRSOH 2WKHU VSHFLI\
(240) &DQ¶WWHOO.
(241) Appendix C. $33(1',;& 6XEJURXSDQDO\VHVIRUPHWDDQDO\VLV (GXFDWLRQ 0RGHO )L[HG )73FRQVWUXFW &RJQLWLRQ &RJQLWLRQDQGDIIHFW &RJQLWLRQDQGEHKLQWHQWLRQ 0L[WXUHRIFRJQLWLRQEHKLQWHQWLRQDQGDIIHFW. 4. S. . . N. U. // 8/. . . . í . . . 5DQGRP )73FRQVWUXFW &RJQLWLRQ &RJQLWLRQDQGDIIHFW &RJQLWLRQDQGEHKLQWHQWLRQ 0L[WXUHRIFRJQLWLRQEHKLQWHQWLRQDQGDIIHFW. . . )L[HG )73IRFXV )73JHQHUDO )73VSHFLILF. . . . . . . . . . 5DQGRP )73IRFXV )73JHQHUDO )73VSHFLILF. . . )L[HG 6WXG\GHVLJQ &URVVVHFWLRQDO /RQJLWXGLQDO. . . 5DQGRP 6WXG\GHVLJQ &URVVVHFWLRQDO /RQJLWXGLQDO. . . :RUN 0RGHO )L[HG )73FRQVWUXFW &RJQLWLRQ &RJQLWLRQDQGEHKLQWHQWLRQ 0L[WXUHRIFRJQLWLRQEHKLQWHQWLRQDQGDIIHFW. 4. S. . . N. U. // 8/. . . 5DQGRP )73FRQVWUXFW &RJQLWLRQ &RJQLWLRQDQGEHKLQWHQWLRQ. . í . 175.
(242) Appendix C 0L[WXUHRIFRJQLWLRQEHKLQWHQWLRQDQGDIIHFW. . . N. U. // 8/. . . . . . . . . +HDOWK 0RGHO )L[HG )73FRQVWUXFW &RJQLWLRQDQGEHKLQWHQWLRQ 0L[WXUHRIFRJQLWLRQEHKLQWHQWLRQDQGDIIHFW. 4. S. . . 5DQGRP )73FRQVWUXFW &RJQLWLRQDQGEHKLQWHQWLRQ 0L[WXUHRIFRJQLWLRQEHKLQWHQWLRQDQGDIIHFW. . . )L[HG )73IRFXV )73JHQHUDO )73VSHFLILF. . . 5DQGRP )73IRFXV )73JHQHUDO )73VSHFLILF. . . 1RWHN QXPEHURIVWXGLHV U HIIHFWVL]H // ORZHUOLPLW 8/ XSSHUOLPLW S S S S . 176.
(243) Appendix D. $33(1',;' 0HWDUHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VHV /LIHGRPDLQ. 0RGHO. 0RGHUDWRU. (GXFDWLRQ. )L[HG. &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP &XOWXUH±ORQJWHUPVKRUWWHUP &XOWXUH±XQFHUWDLQW\DYRLGDQFH &XOWXUH±LQGXOJHQFHUHVWUDLQW $JH *HQGHU 3XEOLFDWLRQ\HDU. . 5DQGRP. &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP &XOWXUH±ORQJWHUPVKRUWWHUP &XOWXUH±XQFHUWDLQW\DYRLGDQFH &XOWXUH±LQGXOJHQFHUHVWUDLQW $JH *HQGHU 3XEOLFDWLRQ\HDU. í í . . )L[HG. &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP &XOWXUH±ORQJWHUPVKRUWWHUP &XOWXUH±XQFHUWDLQW\DYRLGDQFH &XOWXUH±LQGXOJHQFHUHVWUDLQW $JH *HQGHU 3XEOLFDWLRQ\HDU. í í í . . 5DQGRP. &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP &XOWXUH±ORQJWHUPVKRUWWHUP &XOWXUH±XQFHUWDLQW\DYRLGDQFH &XOWXUH±LQGXOJHQFHUHVWUDLQW $JH *HQGHU 3XEOLFDWLRQ\HDU. í í . . )L[HG. &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP &XOWXUH±ORQJWHUPVKRUWWHUP &XOWXUH±XQFHUWDLQW\DYRLGDQFH &XOWXUH±LQGXOJHQFHUHVWUDLQW $JH *HQGHU 3XEOLFDWLRQ\HDU. í í . . 5DQGRP. &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP &XOWXUH±ORQJWHUPVKRUWWHUP &XOWXUH±XQFHUWDLQW\DYRLGDQFH &XOWXUH±LQGXOJHQFHUHVWUDLQW $JH *HQGHU. í í. . :RUN. +HDOWK. %. 6(. S. . . . 177.
(244) Appendix D 3XEOLFDWLRQ\HDU 1RWH% XQVWDQGDUGL]HGEHWDZHLJKW 6( VWDQGDUGHUURU S S S S . 178. . . .
(245) 0RGHUDWRUV. )73FRQVWUXFWW\SH &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP &XOWXUH±LQGXOJHQFHUHVWUDLQW $JH 5DQGRP )73FRQVWUXFWW\SH &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP &XOWXUH±LQGXOJHQFHUHVWUDLQW $JH 5 . )L[HG. +HDOWK. )73FRQVWUXFWW\SH &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP *HQGHU <HDURISXEOLFDWLRQ. )L[HG. :RUN. )73FRQVWUXFWW\SH )73IRFXV &XOWXUH±ORQJWHUPRULHQWDWLRQ &XOWXUH±XQFHUWDLQW\DYRLGDQFH *HQGHU 5DQGRP )73FRQVWUXFWW\SH )73IRFXV &XOWXUH±ORQJWHUPRULHQWDWLRQ &XOWXUH±XQFHUWDLQW\DYRLGDQFH *HQGHU 5 . 0RGHO. (GXFDWLRQ )L[HG. 'RPDLQ. 0XOWLSOHUHJUHVVLRQPRGHOV. . . . . . . . . . GI. . 4. $33(1',;(. . . . . . S. . í . í . í . í . %. . . . . . 6(. . . . . . 3. 179. Appendix E.
(246) 5DQGRP )73FRQVWUXFWW\SH &XOWXUH±LQGLYLGXDOLVPFROOHFWLYLVP *HQGHU <HDURISXEOLFDWLRQ 5 . 180. 1RWH% XQVWDQGDUGL]HGEHWDZHLJKW 6( VWDQGDUGHUURU S S S . Appendix E . . . . .
(247) . )73DQG3%& )L[HG 5DQGRP. )73DQG8% )L[HG 5DQGRP. )73DQG9% )L[HG 5DQGRP. )73DQG$7% )L[HG. . )73DQG%, )L[HG 5DQGRP. . N. . . . . . . . . . . . . U. . //. . 8/. (IIHFWVL]HDQG LQWHUYDO. . . . . . (IIHFWVL]HDQG LQWHUYDO N U // 8/. )73DQG$7% )L[HG 5DQGRP. )73DQGRXWFRPHW\SHUHODWLRQVKLSV. . =. S. . S. . . . . . 7HVWRIQXOO 7DLO
(248) . :RUN. . . . . . =. 7HVWRIQXOO 7DLO
(249) . (GXFDWLRQ. $33(1',;). . . . . . S. GI 4
(250) . . S. +HWHURJHQHLW\. . . . . . . 4. . . . . . 4 GI 4
(251) . +HWHURJHQHLW\. . , . . . . . . , . . 7. . . . . . 7. . . . . . ı. . 6(. . ı. 7DXVTXDUHG. . . . . . 6(. 7DXVTXDUHG. 181. . 7. . . . . . 7. Appendix F.
(252) . )73DQG3%& )L[HG 5DQGRP. )73DQG8% )L[HG 5DQGRP. )73DQG9% )L[HG. 5DQGRP. . )73DQG%, )L[HG 5DQGRP. )73DQG3%& )L[HG 5DQGRP. )73DQG8% )L[HG. 182. . )73DQG$7% )L[HG 5DQGRP. N. . 5DQGRP. )73DQG%, )L[HG 5DQGRP. Appendix F. í . í . . . í. . . . . . . . . . . . U. . . . . //. . . . . 8/. (IIHFWVL]HDQG LQWHUYDO. í . . . . . . . . . =. . . . . S. . . . . . . 7HVWRIQXOO 7DLO
(253) . +HDOWK. í. í . . . . . GI 4
(254) . . . . . 4. . . . . . . . . S. +HWHURJHQHLW\. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6(. . . . . ı. 7DXVTXDUHG. . . . . . . . . 7. . . . .
(255) . . . . . . . . . . . . . S S S S . 183. 1RWH$7% DWWLWXGHWRZDUGEHKDYLRU %, EHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQ 3%& SHUFHLYHGEHKDYLRUDOFRQWURO 8% XQYHULILDEOHEHKDYLRU 9% YHULILDEOHEHKDYLRU N QXPEHURI VWXGLHV U HIIHFWVL]H // ORZHUOLPLW 8/ XSSHUOLPLW. . 5DQGRP. )73DQG9% )L[HG 5DQGRP. Appendix F.
(256)
(257) 6800$5<.
(258) Summary. 'ULYHQE\WKHIXWXUH )XWXUHWLPHSHUVSHFWLYHDFURVVOLIHGRPDLQVDQGFXOWXUHV 7KLQNLQJ DERXW WKH IXWXUH LV LQHYLWDEOH IRU SHRSOH¶V OLIH DQG IRU WKHLU JRDO VWULYLQJV &RQVHTXHQWO\WKHFRQFHSWRI)XWXUH7LPH3HUVSHFWLYH )73
(259) ±LQGLYLGXDOV¶DWWLWXGHVWRZDUGV WKH IXWXUH DV D PRWLYDWRU IRU GLIIHUHQW DWWLWXGHV DQG EHKDYLRUV KDV EHHQ UHVHDUFKHG DFURVV GLIIHUHQWGLVFLSOLQHVDQGUHODWHGWRLPSRUWDQWOLIHGRPDLQVVXFKDVKHDOWKZRUNDQGHGXFDWLRQ <HWDIWHUPRUHWKDQ\HDUVRIH[SORUDWLRQ)73UHVHDUFKVKRZVLQFRQFOXVLYHILQGLQJVDQG QHHGV UREXVW HYLGHQFH DERXW WKH JHQHUDOL]DELOLW\ RI )73 DV D GULYHU IRU LQGLYLGXDOV¶ PRWLYDWLRQ DWWLWXGHV DQG EHKDYLRUV )XUWKHUPRUH OLWWOH LV NQRZQ DERXW WKH IDFWRUV WKDW LQIOXHQFH)73DQGLWVRXWFRPHV7KHRYHUDUFKLQJJRDORIWKHSUHVHQWGLVVHUWDWLRQZDVWKXVWR H[SORUH WKH UHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ )73 DQG LQGLYLGXDOV¶ DWWLWXGHV DQG EHKDYLRUV LQ WKH HGXFDWLRQZRUNDQGKHDOWKGRPDLQVDQGZKHWKHUDQGKRZ)73DQGLWVRXWFRPHVDUHURRWHG LQ DQRWKHU PRWLYDWLRQDO FRQVWUXFW 5HJXODWRU\ )RFXV 5) /RFNZRRG -RUGDQ .XQGD
(260) DFURVV FRXQWULHV WKDW GLIIHU RQ FXOWXUDO YDOXHV VRFLRHFRQRPLF FLUFXPVWDQFHV DQG KLVWRU\ ,Q SXUVXLQJ WKLV JRDO WKUHH VWXGLHV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG WKDW WRJHWKHU IRUP WKH SUHVHQW GLVVHUWDWLRQ 7KH ILUVW VWXG\ FKDSWHU
(261) DLPHG WR FODULI\ DQG H[SORUH WKH FRQFHSW RI )73 DV D PRWLYDWRU IRU LQGLYLGXDOV¶ HGXFDWLRQDO ZRUN DQG KHDOWK RXWFRPHV DQG VRXJKW IRU SRVVLEOH FXOWXUDO DQG VWXG\ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV WKDW DUH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH YDULDWLRQV LQ WKH )73RXWFRPH UHODWLRQVKLSV7KUHHPHWDDQDO\VHVZHUHFRQGXFWHGWKDWLQFOXGHG)73VWXGLHVLQWKHGRPDLQV RI HGXFDWLRQ VWXGLHV
(262) ZRUN VWXGLHV
(263) DQG KHDOWK VWXGLHV
(264) DQG LQYROYHG SDUWLFLSDQWV,QRUGHUWRGHDOZLWKDGLYHUVLW\RI)73PHDVXUHVZLWKLQDQGDFURVVOLIHGRPDLQV D FRQFHSWXDO PRGHO IRU JURXSLQJ )73 FRQVWUXFWV ZDV GHYHORSHG 0RUHRYHU WR DGGUHVV GLIIHUHQW RXWFRPH W\SHV VWXG\ RXWFRPHV ZHUH FRGHG EDVHG RQ WKH 7KHRU\ RI 3ODQQHG %HKDYLRU 73% $M]HQ )LVKEHLQ
(265) 7KH UHVXOWV RI WKLV PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ VWXG\ UHYHDOHG WKDW
(266) )73 UHODWLRQVKLSV ZLWK HGXFDWLRQDO ZRUN DQG KHDOWK RXWFRPHV ZHUH VLJQLILFDQW DQG VPDOOWRPHGLXP DQG ZHUH JHQHUDOL]DEOH DFURVV GRPDLQV
(267) WKH UHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ )73 DQG WKH WKUHH OLIH GRPDLQV ZHUHVWURQJHVWZKHQWKH)73FRQVWUXFWLQFOXGHGDPL[WXUHRIFRJQLWLRQEHKDYLRUDOLQWHQWLRQ DQGDIIHFWDQGLQWKHHGXFDWLRQGRPDLQZKHQWKH)73PHDVXUHZDVGRPDLQVSHFLILFUDWKHU WKDQJHQHUDO
(268) WKHUHZHUHFURVVFXOWXUDOGLIIHUHQFHVLQ)73RXWFRPHUHODWLRQVKLSVEDVHGRQ +RIVWHGH¶VFXOWXUDOYDOXHV
(269) DQG
(270) WKHVWUHQJWKRIWKH)73RXWFRPHUHODWLRQVKLSYDULHG IRU WKH RXWFRPH W\SHV DWWLWXGHV SHUFHLYHG EHKDYLRUDO FRQWURO EHKDYLRUDO LQWHQWLRQ DQG 186.
(271) Summary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
(272) LQYHVWLJDWHGZKHWKHUWKHUHJXODWRU\IRFL SURPRWLRQDQG SUHYHQWLRQ
(273) RI SDUHQWV DQG DGROHVFHQWV DUH VLWXDWLRQDO DQG SHUVRQDO GHWHUPLQDQWV RI DGROHVFHQWV¶)73RQVFKRRODQGSURIHVVLRQDOFDUHHU$VQRLQVWUXPHQWH[LVWHGIRUPHDVXULQJ DGROHVFHQWV¶ SHUFHSWLRQV RI SDUHQW 5) D SHUFHLYHG SDUHQW 5) VFDOH ZDV GHYHORSHG DQG YDOLGDWHG 0RUHRYHU D WKHRUHWLFDO IUDPHZRUN RI )73 DQWHFHGHQWV LQ HGXFDWLRQ DQG SURIHVVLRQDO FDUHHU ZDV GHYHORSHG DQG WHVWHG E\ FRQGXFWLQJ D FURVVVHFWLRQDO VWXG\ WKDW LQFOXGHG 'XWFK DGROHVFHQWV 7KH UHVXOWV VKRZHG WKDW DGROHVFHQWV¶ SURPRWLRQ 5) ZDV SRVLWLYHO\ UHODWHG WR WKHLU )73 RQ VFKRRO DQG SURIHVVLRQDO FDUHHU ZKHUHDV DGROHVFHQWV¶ SUHYHQWLRQ 5) ZDV QHJDWLYHO\ UHODWHG WR WKHLU )73 0RUHRYHU WKH VWXG\ DOVR UHYHDOHG D SRVLWLYH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ SHUFHLYHG SDUHQWV¶ SURPRWLRQ IRFXV DQG )73 YLD DGROHVFHQWV¶ 5) 6SHFLILFDOO\ ZKHQ DGROHVFHQWV SHUFHLYHG WKDW WKHLU SDUHQWV VWLPXODWH WKHP WR WDNH RQ FKDOOHQJHV WKH\ ZHUH PRUH SURPRWLRQ IRFXVHG DQG FRQWHPSODWHG PRUH VWURQJO\ RQ WKHLU IXWXUH VFKRRO DQG FDUHHU ,Q VXP WKLV VWXG\ SURYLGHG SUHOLPLQDU\ HYLGHQFH WKDW 5) LV DQ DQWHFHGHQW RI DGROHVFHQWV¶ )73 DQG KLJKOLJKWHG WKH LPSRUWDQW UROH RI SDUHQWV¶ SURPRWLRQ IRFXVLQWKHIRUPDWLRQRIDGROHVFHQWV¶5)DQG)73RQVFKRRODQGSURIHVVLRQDOFDUHHU 7KHWKLUGVWXG\ FKDSWHU
(274) EXLOWXSRQWKHILQGLQJVIURPFKDSWHUVDQGDQGFURVV FXOWXUDOO\WHVWHGWKHWKHRUHWLFDOPRGHORIWKHUHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQSDUHQWDQGDGROHVFHQW5) DQG )73 DQG HGXFDWLRQDO DQG FDUHHU RXWFRPHV RI DGROHVFHQWV IURP FRXQWULHV WKDW GLIIHU RQ +RIVWHGH¶VFXOWXUDOGLPHQVLRQVVRFLRHFRQRPLFFLUFXPVWDQFHVDQGUHFHQWKLVWRU\$VDPSOH RIDGROHVFHQWVIURPRQH:HVWHUQ(XURSHDQFRXQWU\ WKH1HWKHUODQGV
(275) DQGWZR(DVWHUQ (XURSHDQFRXQWULHV 6HUELDDQG&URDWLD
(276) FRPSOHWHGDVXUYH\DWWKUHHWLPHSRLQWV 7KHPDLQILQGLQJZDVWKDWDFURVVWKHWKUHHFRXQWULHVDGROHVFHQWV¶SURPRWLRQIRFXVZDV SRVLWLYHO\ UHODWHG DQG WKHLU SUHYHQWLRQ IRFXV ZDV QHJDWLYHO\ UHODWHG WR )73 RQ VFKRRO DQG SURIHVVLRQDOFDUHHUZKLFKLQWXUQZDVSRVLWLYHO\UHODWHGWRDGROHVFHQWV¶LQYHVWPHQWLQVFKRRO DQG KRPHZRUN DQG FDUHHU SODQQLQJ 0RUHRYHU WKLV VWXG\ VKRZHG LQWULJXLQJ GLIIHUHQFHV LQ ERWK)73RQVFKRRODQGFDUHHUDQG5)VWUDWHJLHVDPRQJWKHWKUHHFRXQWULHV DGROHVFHQWVIURP FROOHFWLYLVWLFFRXQWULHVKDGVWURQJHUPRWLYDWLRQDORULHQWDWLRQV KLJKHU)73DQGSURPRWLRQDQG 187.
(277) Summary. SUHYHQWLRQIRFL
(278) WKDQDGROHVFHQWVIURPWKHLQGLYLGXDOLVWLFFRXQWU\7KHVHILQGLQJVVXJJHVWWKDW DGROHVFHQWV IURP GLIIHUHQW FRXQWULHV XVH WKH VDPH PRWLYDWLRQDO VWUDWHJLHV LQ UHDFKLQJ WKHLU JRDOV $OVR \RXQJ SHRSOH ZKR DUH UDLVHG LQ VXERSWLPDO SROLWLFDO DQG HFRQRPLF FRQGLWLRQV PD\ EH PRUH VWURQJO\ PRWLYDWHG WR VWULYH IRU D EHWWHU IXWXUH DQG PD\ WHQG WR GHYHORS D VWURQJHU RULHQWDWLRQ WR DSSURDFKLQJ SRVVLEOH JDLQV DQG DYRLGLQJ SRVVLEOH ORVVHV LQ RUGHU WR VHFXUHIRUDEHWWHUIXWXUH $ JHQHUDO GLVFXVVLRQ RI WKH WKUHH VWXGLHV FRPSULVLQJ WKLV GLVVHUWDWLRQ LV SURYLGHG LQ FKDSWHU 7KLV FKDSWHU LQFOXGHG D VXPPDU\ RI WKH FRUH ILQGLQJV WKHLU WKHRUHWLFDO DQG SUDFWLFDOLPSOLFDWLRQVDQGOLPLWDWLRQVDQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRUIXWXUHUHVHDUFK 7KH UHVXOWV RI WKLV GLVVHUWDWLRQ FOHDUO\ VKRZHG WKDW )73 LV D VLJQLILFDQW GULYHU IRU KXPDQDWWLWXGHVDQGEHKDYLRUVLQWKHHGXFDWLRQZRUNDQGKHDOWKGRPDLQVDQGDFURVVGLIIHUHQW FRXQWULHV DQG LGHQWLILHG IDFWRUVWKDW LQIOXHQFHG )73 DQG LWV RXWFRPHV 7KLV GLVVHUWDWLRQ KDV DOVR SURYLGHG WKH ILUVW HYLGHQFH RI DGROHVFHQWV¶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
(279) 6800$5<,1'87&+ 6$0(19$77,1*
(280) .
GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN
This was the main reason to make an inventory of the way in which the 25 regional police forces in our country have organized their criminal investigation power in general, as well
It turns out that in the short term (up to four years ahead) our forecasts have smaller or similar forecasts errors as the forecasts produced by simple time series models.. In
Short-term fasting encomprises the first adaptive changes that occur in the adaptation in energy metabolism (hypoinsulinemia, decreased glucose oxidation, increased fatty acid
We show that the atom-molecule mixture formed in a degenerate atomic Fermi gas with interspecies repul- sion near a Feshbach resonance constitutes a peculiar system where the
The stars that showed H α emission lines are most probably T Tauris, which adds weight to the argument that star formation continues in this region.. The uniform distribution of
The Pheroid™-based delivery system provides a system for single or combination drug treatment with a significantly increased therapeutic index, using existing
The different formulations were subjected to accelerated stability studies to examine the effect of high stress situations on the size, pH, morphology and entrapment
However, it turned out that a number of 1562 sources showed significant periodicities when using this confidence level, where some sources included in this group were used as
