3. The State must help post-convicts to find a job
4. Caring for people who have done something wrong is a show of civilization.
5. To curb criminal behavior, professional advice is necessary
6. For someone to stop engaging in criminal behavior, society must forgive a person and give them new opportunities
7. Training programs on how to manage money or find and keep a job support a smooth return in society
8. People can learn to improve their behavior, even when they have made some mistakes.
Informed Consent Translated to English
Welcome Informed consent Dear participant:
My name is Beatriz Sarabia, a former student of the Faculty of Social Communication and Journalism at the Externado de Colombia University. Currently, I am working on my master's thesis project in Political Communication at the University of Amsterdam, and I need your help to finish it and learn about the current situation in Colombia.
1) What is this study about?
This study aims to find out your opinions and preferences towards a political issue from a text that you will read.
2) What do you have to do?
In the following questionnaire, I will first present a news article on a topic that might be sensitive to some participants, then I will ask for your opinion on some aspects related to it. I will also ask questions related to your profile, personal preferences and character that will help me interpret the results of the study. There are no good or bad answers, the important thing is that you answer honestly.
You must answer all the questions in order to participate. You should also read the text in its entirety. The survey takes 5-10 minutes to complete. Once completed, you can win 1 of the 2 coupons of 100,000 COP in Dafiti that I will raffle among all the participants at the end of the study.
3) Research Information
As this research is carried out under the responsibility of The Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), which is part of the University of Amsterdam (UvA), we can guarantee that:
- The questionnaire is completely anonymous. I will not be able to identify the participants, so you should feel free to respond according to your opinions and beliefs.
- I will only use the answers collected for academic research and, under no circumstances, your data will be transmitted to third parties or used for commercial purposes.
- Keep in mind that further processing of your data is possible, as long as it is compatible with investigative purposes. In any case, the research data published in scientific journals will be anonymous and cannot be traced back to the person.
- Finally, in no more than 3 months, I will be able to show the results of this important project with the University of Amsterdam. If you want to have access to it, send me an email to beatriz.sarabia.jimenez@student.uva.nl
- Participation is always voluntary and all participants may refuse to participate in the research and may withdraw at any time. Please note that you have up to 7 days after completing the survey to withdraw your permission for the use of your data in the research. Similarly, you can stop your participation at any time during the survey.
4) More information
For more information about the research, you can contact me Beatriz Sarabia Jiménez, beatriz.sarabia.jimenez@student.uva.nl, (+57) 3163467321 or (+31) 616806926.
If you have any complaints or comments about the course of the research and the procedures involved as a result of your participation in this research, you may contact the designated member of the Ethics Review Board representing ASCoR through ascor‐sec‐fmg@uva.nl
Any complaint or comment will be treated with the strictest confidentiality.
A hug and thanks,
Beatriz Sarabia Jimenez (beatriz.sarabia.jimenez@student.uva.nl) Graduate School of Communication
University of Amsterdam
Stimulus Materials Translated to English
The form of the stimulus was kept identical across all conditions. The only difference was the summary, lead, and body paragraphs modifications according to each frame.
Responsibility-attribution frame
The safety of the country is in charge of criminals
According to statistics, the crimes that are committed in the greatest number are robberies. So far in 2022, assaults and thefts in all their forms add up to more than 1,000,000 cases. On the other hand, personal injuries represent 20% of the national figure, cell phone theft increased by 30% and extortion by 28%. In response, the government has enacted the Citizens’
Safety Law.
Unsafety is a social phenomenon that has been constantly present in Colombia, it is a reality that cannot be denied. However, the main reason for insecurity in Colombia is the common criminals that plague the entire national territory.
Colombia is one of the countries hardest hit by this scourge, whether due to drug
trafficking, guerrilla groups, paramilitarism and common crime. Unsafety has decreased over the years, but since the pandemic the number of criminals who commit crimes against ordinary citizens without any legal consequence has skyrocketed in all cities. As an example of one of many cases, on May 8, a thief robbed a woman and when he was in trouble due to the victim's struggle, he chose to shoot him and flee the place.
In an interview, the director of Dane, Juan Daniel Oviedo, stated that there is a general deterioration in the perception of insecurity throughout the country, while adding that the highest rates are found in cities such as Cartagena and Bogotá.
As for the places where most crimes are committed, public roads stand out with 46.6%, followed by public transport, including stations, with 38.6%. The crimes to which people feel they are most exposed are theft from people, theft from residences and physical aggression.
Fear frame
The security of the country is adrift
According to statistics, the crimes that are committed in the greatest number are robberies. So far in 2022, assaults and thefts in all their forms add up to more than 1,000,000 cases. On the other hand, personal injuries represent 20% of the national figure, cell phone theft increased by 30% and extortion by 28%. In response, the government has enacted the Citizens’
Safety Law.
Unsafety is a social phenomenon that has been constantly present in Colombia, it is a reality that cannot be denied. However, the recent wave of insecurity in Colombia that is sweeping the entire national territory is out of control.
Colombia is one of the countries hardest hit by this scourge, whether due to drug
trafficking, guerrilla groups, paramilitarism and common crime. Unsafety had been going down over the years, but since the pandemic it has skyrocketed in all cities and there is little or nothing that can be done about it given how critical the situation is. As an example of one of many cases, on May 8, a thief robbed a woman and when he found himself in trouble due to the victim's struggle, he chose to shoot him and flee the place.
In an interview, the director of Dane, Juan Daniel Oviedo, stated that there is a general deterioration in the perception of insecurity throughout the country, while adding that the highest rates are found in cities such as Cartagena and Bogotá.
As for the places where most crimes are committed, public roads stand out with 46.6%, followed by public transport, including stations, with 38.6%. The crimes to which people feel they are most exposed are theft from people, theft from residences and physical aggression.
Empathy frame
The country's unsafety is a large-scale social problem
According to statistics, the crimes that are committed in the greatest number are robberies. So far in 2022, assaults and thefts in all their forms add up to more than 1,000,000 cases. On the other hand, personal injuries represent 20% of the national figure, cell phone theft increased by 30% and extortion by 28%. In response, the government has enacted the Citizens’
Safety Law.
Unsafety is a social phenomenon that has been constantly present in Colombia, it is a reality that cannot be denied. However, there are multiple factors that intervene in the current situation, so the social gaps that contribute to crime must be analyzed.
Colombia is one of the countries hardest hit by this scourge, whether due to drug
trafficking, guerrilla groups, paramilitarism and common crime. Unsafety had been falling over the years, but since the pandemic it has skyrocketed in all cities and the Government, citizens and society must understand that criminals are also the result of adverse socioeconomic
conditions. As an example of one of many cases, on May 8, a thief robbed a woman and when he found himself in trouble due to the victim's struggle, he chose to shoot him and flee the place.
In an interview, the director of Dane, Juan Daniel Oviedo, stated that there is a general deterioration in the perception of insecurity throughout the country, while adding that the highest rates are found in cities such as Cartagena and Bogotá.
As for the places where most crimes are committed, public roads stand out with 46.6%, followed by public transport, including stations, with 38.6%. The crimes to which people feel they are most exposed are theft from people, theft from residences and physical aggression.
Control condition
The unsafety numbers are on the rise
According to statistics, the crimes that are committed in the greatest number are robberies. So far in 2022, assaults and thefts in all their forms add up to more than 1,000,000 cases. On the other hand, personal injuries represent 20% of the national figure, cell phone theft increased by 30% and extortion by 28%. In response, the Government has launched the Citizen Security Law.
Colombia is one of the countries hardest hit by this scourge, whether due to drug
trafficking, guerrilla groups, paramilitarism and common crime. Insecurity had been going down over the years, but since the pandemic it has skyrocketed in all cities.
Indeed, insecurity skyrocketed in the country in 2022, where it coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, although in 2020 during the months of confinement insecurity decreased drastically, in 2021 with the economic reactivation and the relaxation of biosecurity measures it was seen an exponential increase in all cities of the country.
In an interview, the director of Dane, Juan Daniel Oviedo, stated that there is a general deterioration in the perception of insecurity throughout the country, while adding that the highest rates are found in cities such as Cartagena and Bogotá.