Chapter 10: Conclusions
10.1 Recommendations for future research
There are many gaps in the literature that needs further research. In light of the limitations mentioned and the findings of this thesis, I can highlight a number of questions that could serve as the foundation for future research.
At present, it is clear that climate change is impacting the lives of the world population in many aspects of life. The marginalized population is the most affected due to the social and economic causes that enable them to acquire the capacity to adapt. The central question of this thesis surrounds the importance of climate change and gender-based violence as drivers of migration, with a focus on women. Only recently, researchers have been focusing on the factors that link climate change and GBV, comparing studies of different natures and contexts. The current study might be seen as an initial step in investigating how domestic violence and climate change affect migration. However, due to the limited sample size and the absence of information regarding the context of their country of origin, the results depicted should be interpreted with caution. Future analysis could further examine these topics with a broader representation. In this thesis, the migrant population interviewed were all cisgender women from the Sahel region living in Morocco. The lack of sex- and gender-disaggregated data did not allow me to rely on information that could have led to developing a gender perspective. Therefore, further disaggregated data are needed to comprehend the gender-differentiated impacts of climate change better. On this account, data and research on the impact on the LGTBQA+
community should be included. Although this study could not have a gender perspective, it represents the perspective of Sahelian women who migrated to Morocco. It contributes then to the field of research through a women's lens, which could lead to broader studies which includes different perspectives on the same topic.
70 Regarding the context of the Sahel region, different questions arose during the investigation. Firstly, it is an area that has very complex dynamics from economic and political points of view. In order to have an in-depth analysis of the region, the difference between areas in a specific Sahelian country and between Sahelian countries should have taken into consideration. More studies on the Sahel region on climate change impact and domestic violence are needed, considering a representative sample between the countries of the region. In this study, the sample was very specific: Sahelian women living in Morocco and beneficiaries of the Délégation Diocésaine des Migrations. This allows me only to have a narrow view of the context. Secondly, the region is characterized by fast and slow-onset disasters. There is a consistent lack of research on the impact of climate change when the environmental change is gradual and slow, such as in slow-onset disasters. More studies on risks related to gradual changes would allow the consequent focus on the slow-onset change and gender-based violence interrelation.
Moreover, a comparative study on the perspective of drivers between internal migration and external migration is missing. It would be interesting to explore the topics of this thesis with two types of samples: Sahelian migrants residing in Morocco and the Sahelian population in the country of origin. This would enable the research to highlight the difference between internal climate-induced migration and external one.
Further studies on the relationship between climate change impact and gender-based violence are crucial to implementing gender-responsive measures concerning climate change impact and migration to reduce the burden and incidence of gender-based violence.
To conclude, this thesis wants to put light on the most marginalized and vulnerable parts of the population that many times are not seen or understood. Migrant women in Morocco left their country to find safety. There is an urgency to consider them as survival of the precarious economic system in which they lived, of the environmental changes that are impacting their livelihood and economy, and of abuse, in particular from their families.
71
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