The “competition method”, used in the previous chapters, enables the assessment of regional changes in neurotransmitter release. However, this method does not provide information on postsynaptic effects (neuronal activation). Information on neuronal activation can be obtained using [15 O]-H2O or FDG PET, as mentioned previously. In this thesis, we wished to investigate the usefulness of methylphenidate as a dopaminergic probe in such studies. In chapter 6 we studied the effects of this drug on neuronal activation and subjective experiences in healthy volunteers. Previous studies that investigated the effects of dopaminergic drugs on brain activity have mainly used FDG PET (Ernst et al. 1997; London et al. 1990; Volkow et al. 1997b, 1998b, Vollenweider et al. 1998; Wolkin et al. 1987). As mentioned earlier, compared to FDG, the temporal resolution of [15O]-H2O PET is much higher. We were interested in effects of methylphenidate at different time-points, therefore we decided to use [15O]-H2O instead of FDG PET in our study. Scans were made at ten minutes after drug administration, which is the time of the peak in subjective effects, and at 30 minutes after administration, the time of the peak in DA concentration. If methylphenidate is found to induce changes in brain regions that are known to be involved in dopaminergic (dys)function, this method may also be useful to study dopaminergic functional abnormalities in psychiatric patients.
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