• No results found

5. Conclusion

5.2. Limitations and Future research

74 group becomes evident in the analysis. Home, for ETCI, therefore, has a highly emotional meaning, it is somewhere they feel they truly belong, tied strongly to the relationships they engage in. Thus, a sense of home can become something that goes beyond a singular physical place or a single culture and can exist for ETCIs by being open to options outside of the conventional monocultural ways of defining home. The majority of the ETCIs from this study do, therefore, feel like they belong to a collective or a community, creating their own third culture, a culture that is based more on a common experience than it is on a single location, nationality, or ethnicity.187

75 health may also be a significant field of study to look at to create more visibility and understanding for highly mobile lifestyles in migration studies and the impacts, be it positive or negative, this mobility can have on people’s mental health.

Nonetheless, relevant understandings into how the ETCI sample perceive their sense of home and belongingness and how they anchor themselves in different cultural contexts in order to create home and belonging and how some of those narratives do overlap could be extracted in this thesis and may offer an insightful contribution for this specific field of European migration studies. When ETCIs learn to recognize that there is an existing place of belonging, they can more readily identify new ways to name how they belong to other cultures and environments in their lives. Thus, there is a possibility that opens a way of seeing their cultural heritage as inclusive and encompassing all cultural elements of their being, which transcends the borders of modern nation states, rather than having to choose one singular (physical) place.

76 Anthias, Floya. ‘Belongings in a Globalising and Unequal World: Rethinking

Translocations’. The Situated Politics of Belonging, 1 January 2006.

https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446213490.n2.

Antonsich, Marco. ‘Searching for Belonging - An Analytical Framework’. Geography Compass 4, no. 6 (2010): 644–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00317.x.

Bell-Villada, Gene H, Nina Sichel, and Faith Eidse, eds. ‘Contributors’. In Writing out of Limbo: International Childhoods, Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids, 477–86.

Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011. https://web-p-ebscohost- com.proxy-ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

———, eds. ‘Definitions’. In Writing out of Limbo: International Childhoods, Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids, x. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011.

https://web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy-

ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

Bell-Villada, Gene H., Nina Sichel, and Faith Eidse. ‘Explorations’. In Writing out of Limbo:

International Childhoods, Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids, 209–354.

Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011. https://web-p-ebscohost- com.proxy-ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

———. ‘Introduction’. In Writing out of Limbo: International Childhoods, Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids, 1–17. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011.

https://web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy-

ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

77

———, eds. Writing out of Limbo: International Childhoods, Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011. https://web-p- ebscohost-com.proxy-ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-

b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

Benjamin, Saija, and Fred Dervin. ‘Introduction’. In Migration, Diversity, and Education:

Beyond Third Culture Kids, edited by Saija Benjamin and Fred Dervin, 1–10.

London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137524669_1.

Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994.

Bhandari, Nagendra Bahadur. ‘Homi K. Bhabha’s Third Space Theory and Cultural Identity Today: A Critical Review’. Prithvi Academic Journal 5, no. 1 (12 May 2022): 171–

81. https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45049.

Bielewska, Agnieszka, and Krzystof Jaskulowski. ‘Place Belonging in a Mobile World: A Case Study of Migrant Professionals’. Sociologický Časopis / Czech Sociological Review 53, no. 3 (2017): 343–67.

Boccagni, Paolo, Bernardo Armanni, and Cristiano Santinello. ‘A Place Migrants Would Call Home: Open-Ended Constructions and Social Determinants over Time among

Ecuadorians in Three European Cities’. Comparative Migration Studies 9, no. 1 (15 October 2021): 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00256-y.

Bryda, Grzegorz. ‘Whats and Hows? The Practice-Based Typology of Narrative Analyses’.

Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej 16, no. 3 (2020): 120–42.

http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.16.3.08.

Burns, Maureen A. ‘Documenting Mobility’. In Writing out of Limbo: International

Childhoods, Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids, 356–70. Newcastle upon Tyne:

Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011. https://web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy-

ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

78 Calhoun, Craig. ‘“Belonging” in the Cosmopolitan Imaginary’. Ethnicities 3, no. 4 (2003):

531–53.

Carlson, Sören, and Christian Schneickert. ‘Habitus in the Context of Transnationalization:

From “Transnational Habitus” to a Configuration of Dispositions and Fields’. The Sociological Review, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/00380261211021778.

Cason, Rachel May. ‘Third Culture Kids: Migration Narratives on Belonging, Identity and Place’. Ph.D., Keele University, 2015.

Crossman, Tanya. ‘Chapter Five: The Inner Lives of TCKs’. In Misunderstood: The Impact of Growing Up Overseas in the 21st Century, 1st ed., 251–312. United Kingdom:

Summertime Publishing, 2016.

———. ‘Chapter Four: Goodbye and Hello (Leaving Well and Starting Again)’. In Misunderstood: The Impact of Growing Up Overseas in the 21st Century, 1st ed., 185–251. United Kingdom: Summertime Publishing, 2016.

———. ‘Chapter One: The Basics’. In Misunderstood: The Impact of Growing Up Overseas in the 21st Century, 1st ed., 1–31. United Kingdom: Summertime Publishing, 2016.

———. Misunderstood: The Impact of Growing Up Overseas in the 21st Century. 1st ed.

United Kingdom: Summertime Publishing, 2016.

Daniel, Kathleen. ‘A Canara Sings on the Road to Athens’. In Writing out of Limbo:

International Childhoods, Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids, 132–51.

Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011. https://web-p-ebscohost- com.proxy-ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

Delin, Ayla Sevil. ‘Identity Characteristics of Seventh Through Twelfth Grade Third Culture Dependents at Cairo American College, Egypt’. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

Ph.D., Michigan State University, 1986. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I

79 (303502261). https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/identity-characteristics-seventh-through-twelfth/docview/303502261/se-2?accountid=11664.

Delve. ‘How to Do Thematic Analysis’. Essential Guide to Coding Qualitative Data (blog), 31 August 2020. https://delvetool.com/blog/thematicanalysis.

Dillon, Anna, and Tabassim Ali. ‘Global Nomads, Cultural Chameleons, Strange Ones or Immigrants? An Exploration of Third Culture Kid Terminology with Reference to the United Arab Emirates’. Journal of Research in International Education 18, no. 1 (1 April 2019): 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240919835013.

Domecka, Markieta, Marta Eichsteller, Slavka Karakusheva, Pasquale Musella, Liis Ojamäe, Elisabetta Perone, Dona Pickard, Anja Schröder-Wildhagen, Kristel Edelman, and Katarzyna Waniek. ‘Method in Practice: Autobiographical Narrative Interviews in Search of European Phenomena’, 21–44, 2012.

https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137009272_2.

Downie, Richard Dixon. ‘Re-Entry Experiences and Identity Formation of Third Culture Experienced Dependent American Youth: An Exploratory Study’. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Ph.D., Michigan State University, 1976. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I (302795515). https://www.proquest.com/dissertations- theses/re-entry-experiences-identity-formation-third/docview/302795515/se-2?accountid=11664.

Eidse, Faith, and Nina Sichel, eds. Unrooted Childhoods: Memoirs of Growing Up Global.

London: John Murray Press (Kindle Edition), 2004.

European Commission. ‘Mobility within EU Increased in 2019, Labour Mobility Report Shows’, 1 August 2021.

https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=849&furtherNews=yes&newsI d=9877.

EuroTCK. ‘TCK Resources – July 2016’. TCK Resources, 29 May 2022.

https://eurotck.net/resources/.

80 Fail, Helen, Jeff Thompson, and George Walker. ‘Belonging, Identity and Third Culture

Kids: Life Histories of Former International School Students’. Journal of Research in International Education 3, no. 3 (1 December 2004): 319–38.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240904047358.

Faist, Thomas. ‘Transnationalization in International Migration: Implications for the Study of Citizenship and Culture’. Ethnic and Racial Studies 23, no. 2 (1 January 2000): 189–

222. https://doi.org/10.1080/014198700329024.

Farahbakhsh, Alireza, and Rezvaneh Ranjbar. ‘Bhabha’s Notion of Unhomeliness in J. M.

Coetzee’s Foe: A Postcolonial Reading’, International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, 4, no. 7 (July 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2347-3134.0407017.

Faulkner, Sandra L., and Sheila Squillante. Writing the Personal: Getting Your Stories onto the Page. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-384-1.

Grzymala-Kazlowska, Aleksandra. ‘Social Anchoring: Immigrant Identity, Security and Integration Reconnected?’ Sociology 50, no. 6 (2016): 1123–39.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038515594091.

Gustafson, Per. ‘Roots and Routes: Exploring the Relationship between Place Attachment and Mobility’. Environment and Behavior 33, no. 5 (1 September 2001): 667–86.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121973188.

Halse, Christine. ‘Theories and Theorising of Belonging’. In Interrogating Belonging for Young People in Schools, edited by Christine Halse, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75217-4_1.

Hoersting, Raquel C., and Sharon Rae Jenkins. ‘No Place to Call Home: Cultural

Homelessness, Self-Esteem and Cross-Cultural Identities’. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35, no. 1 (1 January 2011): 17–30.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.11.005.

81 Iyer, Pico. ‘Living in the Transit Lounge’. In Unrooted Childhoods: Memoirs of Growing Up

Global, edited by Faith Eidse and Nina Sichel, 169–306. London: John Murray Press (Kindle Edition), 2004.

Kabir, Syed Muhammad. ‘Methods of Data Collection’. In Basic Guidelines for Research:

An Introductory Approach for All Disciplines, 201–75. Chittagong: Publisher: Book Zone Publication, 2016.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325846997_METHODS_OF_DATA_COL LECTION.

Khosroshahy, Paniz. ‘Immigrant vs. Expatriate: On Being a Third Culture Kid’. gal-dem, 23 May 2016. https://gal-dem.com/third-culture-kid/.

King, Russell. ‘Theorising New European Youth Mobilities’. Population, Space and Place 24, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2117.

Lapan, Stephen D., Marylynn T. 1950- Quartaroli, and Frances Julia 1955- Riemer.

Qualitative Research: An Introduction to Methods and Designs. 1st ed. Research Methods for the Social Sciences. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012.

http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S97811181 18832.

Magee, Erinn A. ‘Third Culture Kids: Examining Their Impact in School Communities, a Case Study’. University of Missouri-Columbia, 2017.

https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/62314/research.pdf?seq uence=1&isAllowed=y.

Maine, F., B. Brummernhenrich, M. Chatzianastasi, V. Juškienė, T. Lähdesmäki, J. Luna, and J. Peck. ‘Children’s Exploration of the Concepts of Home and Belonging: Capturing Views from Five European Countries.’ International Journal of Educational Research 110 (1 January 2021): 101876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101876.

Mansfield Taber, Sara. Born Under an Assumed Name: The Memoir of a Cold War Spy’s Daughter. 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2012.

82

———. ‘Rain Light’. In Unrooted Childhoods: Memoirs of Growing Up Global, edited by Faith Eidse and Nina Sichel, 346–520. London: John Murray Press (Kindle Edition), 2004.

Massey, Doreen. ‘Part II: Place and Identity’. In Space, Place, and Gender, NED-New edition., 115–74. University of Minnesota Press, 1994.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.cttttw2z.

———. Space, Place, and Gender. NED-New edition. University of Minnesota Press, 1994.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.cttttw2z.

Mayberry, Kate. ‘Third Culture Kids: Citizens of Everywhere and Nowhere’. 18 November 2016. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20161117-third-culture-kids-citizens-of-everywhere-and-nowhere.

McCaig, Norma M. ‘Raised in the Margin of the Mosaic’. In Writing out of Limbo:

International Childhoods, Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids, edited by Gene H Bell-Villada, Nina Sichel, and Faith Eidse, 45–56. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011.

https://web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy-

ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

Melles, Elizabeth A., and Jonathan Schwartz. ‘Does the Third Culture Kid Experience Predict Levels of Prejudice?’ International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37, no. 2 (1 March 2013): 260–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.08.001.

Mok, Man Yee Angel, and David Saltmarsh. ‘The Transnational Child’. Global Studies of Childhood 4, no. 1 (2014): 11–20.

Moore, Andrea M., and Gina G. Barker. ‘Confused or Multicultural: Third Culture

Individuals’ Cultural Identity’. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 36, no.

4 (2012): 553–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.11.002.

83 Moore, Anna Maria. ‘Continental Shifts’. In Writing out of Limbo: International Childhoods,

Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids, 180–96. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011.

https://web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy-

ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

Nette, John, and Mary Hayden. ‘Globally Mobile Children: The Sense of Belonging’.

Educational Studies 33, no. 4 (1 December 2007): 435–44.

https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690701423614.

Nowicka, Magdalena. ‘Cosmopolitans, Spatial Mobility and the Alternative Geographies’, International Review of Social Research, 2, no. 3 (1 October 2012).

https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2012-0024.

Owusu, Nadia. Aftershocks: A Memoir. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2021.

Picton, Oliver. ‘International School Students’ Experiences of Their Local Environment – a Case Study from Qatar’. University of Bath, 2017.

https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/187944920/Oliver_PICTON_final_Th esis.pdf.

Picton, Oliver, and Sarah Urquhart. ‘Third Culture Kids and Experiences of Places’. In Research Handbook on Childhoodnature:G Assemblages of Childhood and Nature Research, edited by Amy Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, Karen Malone, and Elisabeth Barratt Hacking, 1575–1600. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67286-1_85.

Pollock, David C., Michael V. Pollock, and Ruth E. Van. Reken. ‘Appendix A: History and Evolution of Third Culture and Third Culture Kids Concepts: Then and Now’. In Third Culture Kids Growing Up Among Worlds, 3rd ed., 418–27. Nicholas Brealey Publishing (Tolino Edition), 2017.

84 Pollock, David C., Ruth E. Van. Reken, and Michael V. Pollock. ‘Chapter 1: Where Is

Home?’ In Third Culture Kids Growing Up Among Worlds, 3rd ed., 3–14.

Boston/London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing (Tolino Edition), 2017.

———. ‘Chapter 2: Who Are “Third Culture Kids”?’ In Third Culture Kids Growing Up Among Worlds, 3rd ed., 36–54. Boston/London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing (Tolino Edition), 2017.

———. ‘Chapter 4: Why a Cross-Cultural Childhood Matters’. In Third Culture Kids Growing Up Among Worlds, 3rd ed., 54–78. Boston/London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing (Tolino Edition), 2017.

———. ‘Chapter 8: Personal Characteristics’. In Third Culture Kids Growing Up Among Worlds, 3rd ed., 153–66. Boston/London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing (Tolino Edition), 2017.

———. ‘Chapter 10: Rootlessness and Restlessness’. In Third Culture Kids Growing Up Among Worlds, 3rd ed., 183–94. Boston/London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing (Tolino Edition), 2017.

———. ‘Chapter 13: The Transition Experience’. In Third Culture Kids Growing Up Among Worlds, 3rd ed., 231–68. Boston/London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing (Tolino Edition), 2017.

———. ‘Chapter 16: Adult TCKs: There’s Always Time’. In Third Culture Kids Growing Up Among Worlds, 3rd ed., 301–24. Boston/London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing (Tolino Edition), 2017.

Popyk, Anzhela, Paula Pustułka, and Agnieszka Trąbka. ‘Theorizing Belonging of Migrant Children and Youth at a Meso-Level’. Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny 1 (May 2019): 235–55. https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972SMPP.19.011.10261.

Quassoli, Fabio, and Iraklis Dimitriadis. ‘“Here, There, in between, Beyond…”: Identity Negotiation and Sense of Belonging among Southern Europeans in the UK and

85 Germany’. Social Inclusion 7, no. 4 (2019): 60–70.

https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i4.2386.

R1, Alessandro. Microsoft Teams, 25 April 2022.

R2, Christina. Microsoft Teams, 27 April 2022.

R3, Marie. Microsoft Teams, 5 February 2022.

R4, Nikola. Microsoft Teams, 5 May 2022.

R5, Danijela. Microsoft Teams, 5 November 2022.

R6, Federica. Microsoft Teams, 16 May 2022.

R7, Ava. Microsoft Teams, 16 May 2022.

R8, Oceane. Microsoft Teams, 19 May 2022.

Rauwerda, Antje M. ‘Third Culture Kids Who Write: A Growing List of Third Culture Authors’. Third Culture Literature (blog), June 2017.

http://thirdcultureliterature.blogspot.com/2014/07/an-ever-growing-list-of-third-culture.html.

———. ‘Third Culture Time and Place: Michael Ondaatje’s “The Cat’s Table”’. Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 49, no. 3 (2016): 39–53.

Riessman, Catherine Kohler. Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. SAGE Publications, 2008. https://books.google.pl/books?id=0DdzM-vh54UC.

———. ‘Thematic Analysis’. In Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences, 53–77. SAGE Publications, 2008. https://books.google.pl/books?id=0DdzM-vh54UC.

86 Roberts, Rosie. ‘Everyday Practices of Home-Making’. In Ongoing Mobility Trajectories -

Lived Experiences of Global Migration, 1st ed., 87–109. Singapore: Springer, 2019.

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-13-3164-0.

———. ‘Mobility Narratives and Shifting Identities’. In Ongoing Mobility Trajectories - Lived Experiences of Global Migration, 1st ed., 171–93. Singapore: Springer, 2019.

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-13-3164-0.

Schütze, Fritz. ‘Hülya’s Migration to Germany as Self-Sacrifice Undergone and Suffered in Love for Her Parents, and Her Later Biographical Individualisation. Biographical Problems and Biographical Work of Marginalisation and Individualisation of a Young Turkish Woman in Germany’. Historical Social Research / Historische

Sozialforschung 31, no. 3 (117) (2006): 107–26.

Svasek, Maruska, and Markieta Domecka. ‘The Autobiographical Narrative Interview: A Potential Arena of Emotional Remembering, Performance and Reflection’, 107–26, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474214230.ch-004.

Tan, Esther C., Kenneth T. Wang, and Ann Baker Cottrell. ‘A Systematic Review of Third Culture Kids Empirical Research’. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 82 (1 May 2021): 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.03.002.

Trinchieri, Camilla. ‘A String of Beads’. In Unrooted Childhoods: Memoirs of Growing Up Global, edited by Faith Eidse and Nina Sichel, 1098–1377. London: John Murray Press (Kindle Edition), 2004.

Useem, John, Ruth Hill Useem, and John D. Donoghue. ‘Men in the Middle of the Third Culture: The Roles of American and Non-Western People in Cross-Cultural Administration’. Human Organization 22, no. 3 (1963): 169–79.

Van Reken, Ruth E. ‘Cross-Cultural Kids: The New Prototype’. In Writing out of Limbo:

International Childhoods, Global Nomads and Third Culture Kids, 25–44. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2011.

https://web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy-87

ub.rug.nl/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=350357e2-3f86-4501-b5fd-dc21e6587090%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl.

Vieten, Ulrike. ‘“Out in the Blue of Europe”: Modernist Cosmopolitan Identity and the Deterritorialization of Belonging’. Patterns of Prejudice 40 (1 July 2006).

https://doi.org/10.1080/00313220600769562.

Waal, Monika F. de, Marise Ph. Born, Ursula Brinkmann, and Jona J.F. Frasch. ‘Third Culture Kids, Their Diversity Beliefs and Their Intercultural Competences’.

International Journal of Intercultural Relations 79 (1 November 2020): 177–90.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.09.002.

Weiler, Lindsey M., Christine M. Helfrich, Francisco Palermo, and Toni S. Zimmerman.

‘Exploring Diversity Attitudes of Youth Placed in Residential Treatment Facilities’.

Residential Treatment for Children & Youth 30, no. 1 (1 January 2013): 23–39.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2013.751790.

Wimmer, Andreas, and Nina Glick Schiller. ‘Methodological Nationalism, the Social Sciences, and the Study of Migration: An Essay in Historical Epistemology’. The International Migration Review 37, no. 3 (2003): 576–610.

Wu, Henrik, and Rebecka Koolash. ‘Life Stories of Swedish Third Culture Kids: Belonging and Identity’. Malmö University, 2011.

https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1480953/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

Yuval-Davis, Nira. ‘Belonging and the Politics of Belonging’. Patterns of Prejudice 40, no. 3 (2006): 197–214.

88 Appendices I: Interview Guide

Introduction to the study

My name is Rachele De Felice, I am 25 years old and I am currently studying in my 4th semester at Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Poland) and Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (Netherlands). As part of the concluding research project of my Erasmus Mundus MA in Euroculture, I am taking interest in studying highly mobile young adults, who had to move during their childhood to a different country that is not their passport country. Due to globalization and the increase of mobility worldwide the number of such migration movements is evidently and exponentially growing in Europe as well. Such mobile children and young adults, who grow up outside their parents or passport cultures, experience and are influenced by different cultures while growing up and are said to not settle in just one place. Therefore, according to the literature, “home” seems a complex construct for them and is hardly tied to one geographical location. I am taking interest in studying such young adult’s life stories with a specific focus on how they create a home in their current country of residence and, therefore, a sense of belonging. Thank you for being a part of my research project and for taking the time to have this interview with me today!

Informed consent and privacy statement

a. In order to make the results as reliable as possible, I will record the interview. In order to proceed with the study according to my universities’ ethical standards, I have to ask you to fill in the attached consent form. Furthermore, do I have your consent to record the interview?

b. The data will only be used for the research presented and will have a scientific purpose.

For the purpose of data analysis, the data collected orally will be transcribed (transcription), and the data will be anonymized. Thus, identification of the interviewee is excluded.

89 Your participation in the study is completely voluntary and you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time. If you have any further questions about participation in the study, you can of course ask them at any time. Do you agree with the points just discussed, on the condition that your personal freedom and privacy are guaranteed?

c. In principle, this thesis will not be published. However, the research may appear online and may be available in the university library. If this will be the case, do you agree to its availability online through the university library and for it to be shared with fellow students who might have an interest in the research topic?

Interview guidelines and questions:

Opening questions:

1) What is your name?

2) What is that do you do for a living? Do you study at the moment etc.?

3) How old are you?

General introductory questions/identity construction:

4) Can you tell me about your migration story and the mobilites you experienced so far?

5) Where were you born? Where is your current country of residence?

6) What passport(s) do you have? Did you have any other citizenships throughout your life and have given up one?

7) Where were your parents born?

8) What country do you live in currently? What countries have you lived in? For how long?

9) Which languages do you speak? Which language do you consider your mother tongue or the one that you are most comfortable conversing in?

10) Which cultures evoke a sense of comfort and attachment with you when you think of the places/countries/cities you have lived in? Can you explain to me why you feel so attached to these?

11) How do you usually answer the question “where are you from?” How do you identify with that (specific) country/culture or not and why?

12) After you moved from your birthplace/passport country/country of residence, did you ever go back there for visits?