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Case law

Prosecutor v. Charles Ghankay Taylor, Appeals Chamber Judgment, SCSL-03-01-A, 26 September 2013

Prosecutor v. Clément Kayishema and Obed Ruzindana, Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-95-1, 1 June 2001

Prosecutor v. Dario Kordić and Mario Čerkez, Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-95-14/2-A, 17 December 2004

Prosecutor v. Dragoljub Kunarac and others, Appeals Chamber Judgment, 23 & IT-96-23/1-A, 12 June 2002

Prosecutor v. Francis Kirimi Mathuara, Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta and Mohammed Hussein Ali, Decision on the Confirmation of Charges Pursuant to Article 61(7)(a) and (b) of the Rome Statute, ICC-01/09-02/11, 23 January 2012

Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, ICC-01/04-01/07-3436-tENG, 7 March 2014

Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Decision on The Confirmation of Charges, ICC-01/04-01/07-717, 14 October 2008

Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlić, Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-04-74-T, 29 May 2013

Prosecutor v. Jean Kambanda, Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-97-23-S, 4 September 1998 Prosecutor v. Jean Paul Akayesu, Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-96-4-T, 2 September 1998 Prosecutor v. Jovica Stanišić and Franko Simatović, Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-03-69-T, 30

May 2013

Prosecutor v. Zoran Kupreskic et al., Decision on the Registrar’s Withdrawal of the Assignment of Defence Counsel, IT-95-16, 3 September 1999

Prosecutor v. Lukić Milan and Lukić Sredoje, Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-98-32/1-A, 4 December 2012

Prosecutor v. Mico Stanišić and Krajina Župljanin, Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-08-91-A, 30 June 2016

Prosecutor v. Milomir Stakić, Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-97-24-T, 31 July 2003

Prosecutor v. Milorad Krnojelac, Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-97-25-A, 17 September 2003 Prosecutor v. Pauline Nyiramasuhuko and others, Appeals Chamber Judgment, ICTR-98-42-A,

14 December 2015

Prosecutor v. Radoslav Brđanin, Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-99-36-T, 1 September 2004 Prosecutor v. Radovan Karadžić, Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-95-5/18-T, 24 March 2016 Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaskic, Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-95-14-T, 29 July 2004 Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaskic, Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-95-14-T, 3 March 2000

Prosecutor v. Vidoje Blagojević and Dragan Jokić, Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-02-60-T, 17 January 2005

Prosecutor v. Vlastimir Dordevic, Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-05-87/1-A, 27 January 2014 Prosecutor v. William Samoei Ruto, Henry Kiprono Kosgey and Joshua Arap Sang, Decision on

the Confirmation of Charges, ICC-01/09-01/11, 23 January 2012

Prosecutor v. Yussuf Munyakazi, Appeals Chamber Judgment, ICTR-97-36A-A, 28 September 2011

Prosecutor v. Zdravko Tolimir, Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-05-88/2-A, 8 April 2015

Treaties and other legal documents

Rome Statute of The International Criminal Court, 2187 U.N.T.S. 90 (1997) <https://www.icc-cpi.int/resource-library/documents/rs-eng.pdf>

Resolution on amendments to article 8 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Resolution ICC-ASP/18/Res.5, on 6 December 2019 (ICC:ASP, 6 December 2019)

<https://asp.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/ASP18/ICC-ASP-18-Res5-ENG.pdf>

ICC Elements of Crimes (ICC, 2011) <https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ff5dd7d2.html>

United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an

International Criminal Court: Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, A/CONF.183/C.1/WGGP/L.4/Add.1. (UNGA, 14 April 1998) <https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/253772?ln=en>

Books

Henckaerts J and Doswald-Beck L, Customary International Humanitarian Law Volume I: Rules (1st edn, ICRC 2005)

Werle G, Principles Of International Criminal Law (2nd edn, TMC Asser Press 2009).

Saland P, 'Chapter 7: International Criminal Law Principles', The International Criminal Court:

The making of the Rome Statute (1st edn, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1999).

Journal Articles

Doocy S and others, 'The Food Security And Nutrition Crisis In Venezuela' (2019) 226 Social Science & Medicine.

Duttwiler M, 'Liability For Omission In International Criminal Law' (2006) 6 International Criminal Law Review.

Paniz-Mondolfi A and others, 'Resurgence Of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases In Venezuela As A Regional Public Health Threat In The Americas' (2019) 25 Emerging Infectious Diseases.

Robinson D, ‘Defining “Crimes Against Humanity” at the Rome Conference’ (1999) 93(1) American Journal of International Law.

Publications

164th Session of the Executive Committee: PAHO’s response to maintaining an effective technical cooperation agenda in Venezuela and neighbouring member states, CE164/INF/9, (PAHO and WHO, 14 June 2019)

<https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&alias=49

138-ce164-inf-9-e-paho-cooperation-venezuela&category_slug=164-executive-committee&Itemid=270&lang=en>

Humanitarian Response Plan: with humanitarian needs overview Venezuela (OCHA, July 2019)

<https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/20190814_HRP_VEN_EN.pdf>

Humanitarian Response Plan: with humanitarian needs overview Venezuela (OCHA, July 2020)

<https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/venezuela_hrp_2020_en_vf.pdf>

Humanitarian Response Plan: with humanitarian needs overview Venezuela (OCHA, July 2021)

<https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/venezuela_hrp_2021_en_vf.pdf>

Kaye D and Lanza E, IACHR: Special Rapporteurship for Freedom of Expression », 'Joint Press Release R51/17: Venezuela / Protests: UN And IACHR Rapporteurs Condemn

Censorship, Arrests And Attacks On Journalists' (26 April 2017)

<https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/expression/showarticle.asp?artID=1062&lID=1> accessed 22 June 2021.

Latin America and the Caribbean 2018 : Regional overview of food security and nutrition:

inequality and food systems (FAO, PAHO, WFP and UNICEF, 2019)

<http://www.fao.org/3/ca2127en/CA2127EN.pdf>

Monaldi F, The Impact Of The Decline In Oil Prices On The Economies, Politics And Oil Industry Of Venezuela (1st edn, Columbia|Sipa: Center on Global Energy Policy:

Columbia University New York 2021)

<https://energypolicy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/Impact%20of%20the%20Decline%

20in%20Oil%20Prices%20on%20Venezuela_September%202015.pdf> accessed 22 June 2021.

Olofsson A, 'Aiding And Abetting International Crimes: In The Light Of International Legal Pluralism' (PhD, Stockholm University, 2016).

Referral of the situation in Venezuela under Article 14 of the Rome Statute submitted by the Republic of Argentina, Canada, the Republic of Colombia, the Republic of Chile, the Republic of Paraguay and the Republic of Peru (ICC: OTP, 26 September 2018)

<https://www.icc-cpi.int/itemsDocuments/180925-otp-referral-venezuela_ENG.pdf>

Report on Preliminary Examination Activities 2020 (ICC: OTP, 14 December 2020)

<https://www.icc-cpi.int/itemsDocuments/2020-PE/2020-pe-report-eng.pdf>

Supplementary Appeal: Venezuela Situation: Responding to the needs of people displaced from Venezuela (UNHCR, March 2018)

<https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%20Venezuela%20Situation%202 018%20Supplementary%20Appeal.pdf>

Website Articles

'Venezuela Situation' (UNHCR, 2021) <https://www.unhcr.org/venezuela-emergency.html>

accessed 22 June 2021.

Snyder M, ‘The Venezuela Crisis and Infectious Disease Spread’ (Outbreak Observatory and Johns Hopkins: Center for Health Security, 28 February 2019)

<https://www.outbreakobservatory.org/outbreakthursday-1/2/28/2019/the-venezuela-crisis-and-infectious-disease-spread>

Watt E, Venezuela’s children suffer in hunger and refugee crisis (Theirworld, 2018)

<https://theirworld.org/news/venezuela-children-suffer-hunger-malnutrition-refugee-crisis>

‘EU mobilizes international donors to support Venezuelan refugees and migrants and countries in the region’ (EU Commission, 26 May 2020) <https://ec.europa.eu/international- partnerships/news/eu-mobilises-international-donors-support-venezuelan-refugees-and-migrants-and-countries-region_et>

‘Humanitarian aid contributions 2019 - 2021’ (UNOCHA: Financial Tracking Service, 2021)

<https://fts.unocha.org/>

‘ICC: Preliminary Examinations’ (ICC, 2021) <https://www.icc-cpi.int/pages/pe.aspx>

‘In Venezuela, Maduro regime used hunger to get votes’ (ShareAmerica.gov, 24 January 2019)

<https://share.america.gov/in-venezuela-maduro-regime-uses-hunger-to-get-votes/>

‘Recognition of the FAO to Venezuela’ (FAO Regional Office for Latin America and the

Caribbean, 2021) <http://www.fao.org/americas/noticias/ver/en/c/230150/> accessed 22 June 2021.

‘The Netherlands accepts starvation amendment: one year on’ (Global Rights Compliance, 11 December 2020) <https://www.globalrightscompliance.com/en/news/the-netherlands-accepts-starvation-amendment-one-year-on#_ftn3>

‘U.S. Foreign Aid by Country’ (USAID, 2021)

<https://explorer.usaid.gov/cd/VEN?measure=Obligations&fiscal_year=2020>

Newspapers

Bracho-Sanchez E, ‘Infant deaths are on the rise in Venezuela, reversing years of improvements, study says’, CNN (New York City, 24 January 2019)

<https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/24/health/infant-mortality-venezuela-study/index.html>

Casey N and others, ‘Some Aid From Brazil Pierces Venezuela’s Blockade, but Deadly Violence Erupts’ The New York Times (New York City, 23 February 2019)

<https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/23/world/americas/venezuela-aid-border-maduro.html>

Casey N and Torres P, ‘Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule’ The New York Times, (New York, 30 March 2017)

<https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/world/americas/venezuelas-supreme-court-takes-power-from-legislature.html>

Casey N, ‘Venezuela’s New, Powerful Assembly Takes Over Legislature’s Duties’ The New York Times (New York, 18 August 2017)

<https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/18/world/americas/venezuela-constituent-assembly-maduro.html>

Cotovio V and others, ‘Venezuela election comes amid humanitarian crisis, hunger’, CNN (New York City, 5 December 2020) <https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/05/americas/venezuela-election-preview/index.html>

Graham-Harrison E and Parkin Daniels J, ‘Venezuela: at least four dead and hundreds injured in border standoff’ The Guardian (London, 24 February 2019)

<https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/23/venezuela-border-latest-maduro-guaido>

Interview of Nicolas Maduro by Orla Guerin (transcript), ‘Venezuela President Nicolás Maduro:

Full transcript’ BBC (London, 12 February 2019) <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47211509>

Kohut M and Herrera I, ‘As Venezuela Collapses, Children Are Dying of Hunger’, The New York Times (New York City, 17 December 2017)

<https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/17/world/americas/venezuela-children-starving.html>

Krygier R and O’Grady S, ‘In Venezuela, humanitarian aid has become a political weapon’ The Washington Post (Washington D.C., 15 February 2019)

<https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/in-venezuela-humanitarian-aid-

has-become-a-political-weapon/2019/02/14/5eab781a-3089-11e9-8781-763619f12cb4_story.html>

Kurmanaev A, ‘Why Is Russia Helping Venezuela’ The New York Times (New York City, 8 March 2019) <https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/08/world/americas/russia-venezuela-maduro-putin.html>

Kurmanaev A and Herrera I, ‘Red Cross Granted Access to Deliver Aid in Venezuela’, The New York Times, (New York City, 29 March 2019)

<https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/29/world/americas/red-cross-venezuela-aid.html>

Mackinnon A, ‘Maduro vs. Guaido: a global scoreboard: Support is waning for the Venezuelan president, but he still has Russia and China on his side’, Foreign Policy (Washington D.C., 6 February 2019) <https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/02/06/maduro-vs-guaido-a-global-scorecard-map-infographic/>

Marnin J, ‘Just 8 of 368 Tons of U.S. Aid to Venezuela Actually Reached Country, Report Says’, Newsweek (New York City, 29 April 2021) <https://www.newsweek.com/just-8-368-tons-us-aid-venezuela-actually-reached-country-report-says-1587503>

Neuman W, ‘Obama Favors Sanctions for Abuse of Venezuela Protesters’ The New York Times (New York, 11 December 2014)

<https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/12/world/americas/obama-favors-sanctions-for-abuse-of-venezuela-protesters.html?searchResultPosition=2>

O'Grady S, ‘The U.S. says Maduro is blocking aid to starving people. The Venezuelan says his people aren’t beggars’, The Washington Post (Washington D.C., 8 February 2019)

<https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/02/08/us-says-maduro-is-blocking-aid-starving-people-venezuelan-says-his-people-arent-beggars/>

Paola Martinez S, ‘Asamblea Nacional llevará a la CPI el incendio de camiones que contenía ayuda humanitaria’, El Pitazo (Caracas, 23 February 2019)

<https://elpitazo.net/politica/asamblea-nacional-llevara-a-la-cpi-el-incendio-de-camiones-que-contenia-ayuda-humanitaria/>

Polanco A and Urrutia I, ‘Venezuela’s chronic shortages give rise to 'medical flea markets'’

Reuters (London, 8 December 2017) <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-medicine-idUSKBN1E21J4>

Ramirez M, ‘Soldiers held hostage, villagers killed: the untold story of Venezuelan aid violence’

Reuters (London, 21 May 2019) < https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-pemon-insight-idUSKCN1SR1L0>

Rampton R and Jaime Acosta L, ‘Venezuela hit with new U.S. sanctions after clashes over food aid on border’, Reuters (London, 25 February 2019) <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-limagroup-idUSKCN1QE1XZ>

Schwirtz M, ‘Russia Block Venezuela Measure at U.N., Calling It a U.S. Ploy for Regime Change’, The New York Times, (New York City, 28 February 2019)

<https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/americas/russia-venezuela-veto-united-nations.html>

Schwirtz M, ‘U.N. Appeals to Maduro and Guaido to End Battle Over Humanitarian Aid’ The New York Times (New York City, 27 March 2019)

<https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/27/world/americas/venezuela-united-nations.html?searchResultPosition=5>

Sequera V, ‘Venezuela healthcare collapse: Four children die in same hospital this month’

Reuters (London, 31 May 2019) <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-health-idUSKCN1T122Q>

Sequera V, ‘Venezuelans report big weight losses in 2017 as hunger hits’, Reuters (London, 21 February 2021)

<https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-food-idUSKCN1G52HA>

Vanesso Herrero A and Gladstone R, ‘Maduro Speaks to Troops, Trying to Discredit Guaidó’s Call for Mutiny’, The New York Times, (New York City, 2 May 2019)

<https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/02/world/americas/maduro-venezuela-troops.html>

Vyas K and Dube R, ‘Venezuelans Die as Maduro Government Refuses Medical Aid’ The Wall Street Journal (New York City, 6 April 2018)

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